Lebanese general election, 2018

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Lebanese general election, 2018
Flag of Lebanon.svg
  2009 6 May 2018

All 128 seats to the Parliament of Lebanon
65 seats needed for a majority
Turnout 49.7% (Decrease2.svg ~ 5.5%)

 First partySecond partyThird party
  Gebran Bassil.jpg President of Russia Vladimir Putin & Prime Minister Lebanon Saad Hariri in Sochi, 13 September 2017 (3) (Cropped).jpg Nabih Berri.jpg
Leader Gebran Bassil Saad Hariri Nabih Berri
Party FPM Future Movement Amal
Leader's seatBatrounBeirut IIZahrany
Last election193313
Seats won292017
Seat changeIncrease2.svg10Decrease2.svg 13Increase2.svg 4
Popular vote278,172260,405210,211
Percentage15.26%14.29%11.54%

 Fourth partyFifth partySixth party
  Samir Geagea (cropped).jpg Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah.jpg Jumblatt.jpg
Leader Samir Geagea Hassan Nasrallah Walid Jumblatt
Party Lebanese Forces Hezbollah PSP
Leader's seatDid Not StandDid Not StandDid Not Stand
Last election81211
Seats won15159
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 7Increase2.svg 3Decrease2.svg 2
Popular vote158,244289,17483,023
Percentage8.68%15.87%4.56%

 Seventh partyEighth partyNinth party
  Miktai.jpg Sleiman Frangieh 2.jpg
Leader Najib Mikati Samy Gemayel Sleiman Frangieh
Party Azm Movement Kataeb Party Marada Movement
Leader's seatTripoliMetnDid Not Stand
Last election253
Seats won433
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 2Decrease2.svg 2Steady2.svg 0
Popular vote42,01932,01126,532
Percentage2.31%1.76%1.46%

Prime Minister before election

Saad Hariri
Future Movement

Elected Prime Minister

Saad Hariri
Future Movement

Coat of Arms of Lebanon.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Lebanon

General elections were held in Lebanon on 6 May 2018. Although originally scheduled for 2013, [1] the election was postponed three times in 2013, 2014 and 2017 under various pretexts, including the security situation, the failure of the Parliament to elect a new President, and the technical requirements of holding an election. [2] [3] A new electoral law adopted in 2017 provides a proportional representation system for the first time in the history of the country. Hezbollah and its allies performed well in the elections, while the Future Movement of Prime Minister Saad Hariri saw its bloc shrink by 40%, from 33 to 20 MPs. The parliamentary bloc of the Lebanese Forces almost doubled from eight MPs to 15 MPs, but it was the Free Patriotic Movement who emerged as the largest bloc with 29 MPs, including 18 party members, six pro-FPM independents, and five allies. FPM leader Gebran Bassil stated that FPM has won the elections in Lebanon by getting the largest bloc (a status previously held by Saad Hariri in the elections in 2009).

Lebanon Country in Western Asia

Lebanon, officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km2, it is the smallest recognized sovereign state on the mainland Asian continent.

Parliament of Lebanon parliament

The Parliament of Lebanon is the national parliament of Lebanon. There are 128 members elected to a four-year term in multi-member constituencies, apportioned among Lebanon's diverse Christian and Muslim denominations. Lebanon has universal adult suffrage. Its major functions are to elect the President of the republic, to approve the government, and to approve laws and expenditure.

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result - not just a plurality, or a bare majority. The most prevalent forms of proportional representation all require the use of multiple-member voting districts, as it is not possible to fill a single seat in a proportional manner. In fact, the implementations of PR that achieve the highest levels of proportionality tend to include districts with large numbers of seats.

Contents

Background

Following the last parliamentary election of 2009, it took several months to form a new government. Saad Hariri eventually became prime minister in a March 14 Alliance government formed in November 2009. About a year later, Walid Jumblatt's PSP broke away from the March 14 alliance and withdrew its ministers. Jumblatt then traveled to Syria for the first time in decades and met President Bashar al-Assad. After the government fell over the issue of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, a new government was formed by Najib Mikati that consisted of March 8 Alliance parties, as well as the PSP.

Saad Hariri Lebanese politician

Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri is a Lebanese politician who has been the Prime Minister of Lebanon since December 2016. He was also the Prime Minister from November 2009 to June 2011. He is the second son of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, who was assassinated in 2005. Hariri has also been the leader of the Future Movement party since 2005. He is seen as "the strongest figurehead" of the March 14 Alliance. After three years living overseas, he returned to Lebanon on 8 August 2014 and was designated Prime Minister on 3 November 2016. Hariri's surprise announcement of an intent to resign, broadcast on 4 November 2017 on Saudi state TV, has widely been seen as part of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict in Lebanon, and triggered a dispute between Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. The resignation was later suspended, following President Michel Aoun's request to "put it on hold ahead of further consultations". Hariri rescinded his resignation on 5 December.

March 14 Alliance political coalition in Lebanon

The March 14 Alliance, named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their anti-Syrian government stance and their opposition to the March 8 Alliance. It is led by Saad Hariri, second son of Rafic Hariri, as well as other prominent figures.

Walid Jumblatt Leader of the Progressive Socialist Party of Lebanon

Walid Bey Jumblatt is a veteran Lebanese politician, the leader of Lebanon's Druze, president of the Progressive Socialist Party.

Over the course of the Syrian Civil War, fissures started to grow in Lebanon as March 14 parties supported the opposition in Syria while March 8 parties were ostensibly supportive of the Syrian government, particularly in the early stages. The March 8 parties therefore faced accusation from the opposition and its affiliated media of kowtowing to the Syrian government. As the conflict started to spill over into Lebanon, both via refugees and Lebanon's own diverse demographics that are broadly reflective of Syria's own diversity, tensions started to grow. A spate of sectarian kidnappings and threats followed, some of which turned fatal. [4]

Syrian Civil War Ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria

The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with domestic and foreign allies, and various domestic and foreign forces opposing both the Syrian government and each other in varying combinations.

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Lebanon, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Syria population figures

Since the Syrian Civil War started in March 2011, it has been difficult to gain accurate counts of the Syrian population. In 2011, Syria's population was estimated at about 23 million permanent inhabitants, including people with refugee status from Palestine and Iraq. While most modern-day Syrians are commonly described as Arabs by virtue of their modern-day language and bonds to Arab culture and history, they are, in fact, largely a blend of the various Semitic-speaking groups indigenous to the region.

On 22 March 2013, Mikati resigned citing a negative climate over the appointment of a committee to oversee the election and the extension of Internal Security Forces (ISF) head Ashraf Rifi, who was expected to retire in April. On 5 April, a new March 14-backed consensus candidate for prime minister was announced, Tammam Salam.

Internal Security Forces National police and security force of Lebanon

The Internal Security Forces Directorate is the national police and security force of Lebanon.

Ashraf Rifi was the general director of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces from 2005 to 2013. He served as minister of justice from 15 February 2014 to 21 February 2016.

Tammam Salam Lebanese politician

Tammam Saeb Salam is a Lebanese politician who was the Prime Minister of Lebanon from February 2014 until December 2016. He also served as the acting President of Lebanon from May 2014 until October 2016 in his capacity as Prime Minister. He previously served in the government of Lebanon as Minister of Culture from 2008 to 2009.

Postponement

A new President should have been elected by Parliament before the legislative elections took place. However, there was a deadlock which resulted in fourteen fruitless attempts to choose a head of state. Therefore, Parliament decided on November 5, 2014 to extend its term by 2 years and 7 months. [2] The deadlock was perceived to arise from the ongoing Syrian Civil War, where both sides have major Lebanese parties as allies, as well as the intricacies of Lebanon's confessional political system.[ citation needed ]

Electoral system

Electoral districts as per the 2017 vote law Electoral district of Lebanon (2017 Vote Law).png
Electoral districts as per the 2017 vote law

In June 2017 a new electoral law was passed, replacing the previous system under which the 128 members of parliament were elected from 26 multi-member constituencies in which voters cast as many votes as there were seats in their constituency and the candidates with the highest number of votes within each religious community were elected [5] with a new electoral law instituting proportional representation in 15 multi-member constituencies while still maintaining the confessional distribution. [6] However, the 7 out of the 15 of the electoral districts are divided into 2 or more 'minor districts' (largely corresponding to the smaller electoral districts from the old electoral law). [7] Where applicable, preference vote is counted on the 'minor district' level. [8]

Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, which allows only active members, party officials, or consultants to determine the order of its candidates and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list. Additionally, an open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than parties. Different systems give voter different amounts of influence. Voter's choice is usually called preference vote.

Individuals could submit their candidacy for parliament until midnight of March 6, 2018. [9] 976 candidates were registered, including 111 women. [10] Candidates were obliged to join lists, which had to be finalized by March 26, 2018. [10] [11]

Electoral district under 2017 Election LawRegistered votersSeats SU SH DR AL MA GO GC AO AC EV MI
Beirut I (East Beirut)134,3558111311
Beirut II (West Beirut)353,1641162111
Bekaa I (Zahle)174,9447111121
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)143,653621111
Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)345,404102611
Mount Lebanon I (Jbeil-Kesrwan)176,818817
Mount Lebanon II (Metn)179,78984211
Mount Lebanon III (Baabda)166,1576213
Mount Lebanon IV (Aley-Chouf)329,5951324511
North I (Akkar)887,09073112
North II (Tripoli-Minnieh-Dennieh)350,147118111
North III (Bcharre-Zghorta-Batroun-Koura)249,4541073
South I (Saida-Jezzine)122,3825221
South II (Zahrany-Tyre)304,217761
South III (Marjaayoun-Nabatieh-Hasbaya-Bint Jbeil)460,491111811
Total3,665,514128272782341485111
Source: Daily Star, Daily Star
Electoral district under 2008 Election LawElectoral district under 2017 Election LawNotes
Beirut I Beirut IThe former Beirut II constituency was split between the former Beirut I and Beirut III (now renamed 'Beirut II') electoral districts. Medawar was moved into the new Beirut I electoral district, Port and Bachoura were moved into the new Beirut II electoral district. The 2 Armenian Orthodox seats from the old Beirut II electoral districts were allocated to the new Beirut I electoral district, the Sunni and Shia seats of the old Beirut II electoral district were allocated to the new Beirut II electoral district. Furthermore, the Minorities seat was moved from the old Beirut III electoral district to the new Beirut I electoral district.
Beirut II abolished
Beirut III Beirut II
ZahleBekaa Ino change
West Bekaa-RachayaBekaa IIno change
Baalbek-HermelBekaa IIIno change
JbeilMount Lebanon IThe old Jbeil and Kesrwan electoral districts now constitute 2 minor districts in the new Mount Lebanon I electoral district.
Kesrwan
MetnMount Lebanon IIno change
BaabdaMount Lebanon IIIno change
AleyMount Lebanon IVThe old Aley and Chouf electoral districts now constitute 2 minor districts in the new Mount Lebanon IV electoral district.
Chouf
AkkarNorth Ino change
Minnieh-DenniehNorth IIThe old Minnieh-Dennieh and Tripoli electoral districts have been merged, but subdivided into 3 minor districts: Tripoli, Minnieh and Dennieh.
Tripoli
BatrounNorth IIIThe old Batroun, Bcharre, Koura and Zgharta electoral districts now constitute 4 minor districts in the new North III electoral district.
Bcharre
Koura
Zgharta
JezzineSouth IThe old Saida and Jezzine electoral districts now constitute 2 minor districts in the new South I electoral district.
Saida
TyreSouth IIThe old Tyre and Zahrani electoral districts now constitute 2 minor districts in the new South II electoral district.
Zahrani
Bint Jbeil South IIIThe old Bint Jbeil, Marjayoun-Hasbaya and Nabatieh electoral districts now constitute 3 minor districts in the new South III electoral district.
Marjayoun-Hasbaya
Nabatieh

Electorate

Listing the largest community in the Lebanese electorate, per qada and/or "minor district".
Green = Sunni
Purple = Shia
Blue = Druze
Yellow = Maronite
Orange = Greek Orthodox
Red = Armenian Orthodox Lebanese electorate (largest community per minor district and-or qada), based on 2017 data.png
Listing the largest community in the Lebanese electorate, per qada and/or "minor district".
Green = Sunni
Purple = Shia
Blue = Druze
Yellow = Maronite
Orange = Greek Orthodox
Red = Armenian Orthodox

The Shia electorate constituted the majority of registered voters in Bekaa III, South II and South III, together accounting for 79% of the total Shia electorate. [12]

The Sunni electorate constituted the majority of registered voters in three electoral districts (Beirut I, North I and North II); these three districts represent around two thirds of the total Sunni electorate. [12]

63% of all Druze voters were registered in the Mount Lebanon IV electoral district, which elected four out of the eight Druze parliamentarians. [12] 97% of the Druze voters were registered in districts from which Druze parliamentarians were elected. [13]

96% of Alawite voters were registered in either the North I or North II electoral districts, which elected one Alawite parliamentarian each. [12] [13]

Maronite Christians constituted the majority of voters in Mount Lebanon I and North III; these two districts represented 42% of the Maronite electorate. [12]

North III also hosted the largest concentration of Greek Orthodox Christian voters (20.7%), representing around a fifth of all Greek Orthodox voters throughout the country. [12] According to 2017 data, the Greek Orthodox constituted 58% of the voters in the Koura minor district of North III. [13]

Bekaa I hosted the largest concentration of Greek Catholic voters, about a fifth of the nationwide Greek Catholic vote. [12]

Beirut I hosted the largest concentrations of Armenians, both Armenian Orthodox and Armenian Catholic voters, who elected 4 out of the 6 Armenian parliamentarians. [12]

The Minorities (Syriac Orthodox, Syriac Catholic, Latin Catholic, Chaldeans, Assyrian Church and Copts) seat was now in Beirut I, which had the largest gathering of Minorities voters. [12]

Jewish voters were mainly found in Beirut II, where they constituted 1.31% of the electorate. [12] However, in the 2009 election only five Jews cast their votes in the Beirut III electoral district. [14]

Below is a summary of the demographics of the Lebanese electorate with data from 2017, divided by the qada administrative districts (or in the case of Beirut, the old 2008 vote law electoral districts).

Parties

Amal

Amal Movement flag Flag of the Amal Movement.svg
Amal Movement flag

Amal leader and Speaker of Parliament Nabih Berri held a press conference at his Ain al-Tineh residence on February 19, 2018, to present the electoral platform and the 16 candidates of the Amal Movement. [16] Berri highlighted the ongoing oil exploration project, calling for setting up a national oil company and a sovereign oil fund. [16] He reaffirmed the Amal Movement commitment to 'People, Army, Resistance' policy, urging steadfastness towards Israel. [16]

The Amal-Hezbollah bloc fielded joint 'Hope and Loyalty' lists in the Bekaa III, South II and South III electoral districts. [17] [18] [19] [20] However, compared to the previous election, the Amal-Hezbollah bloc lacked an alliance with Michel Aoun and his Free Patriotic Movement. [21] But whilst FPM and Amal had parted ways nationally, they still managed to form alliances in Mount Lebanon III and Beirut II. [22] In Mount Lebanon III (Baabda) the joint list carried the label 'National Reconciliation'. [22] In Beirut II a joint list of Amal, Hezbollah, FPM and Al-Ahbash was formed, under the label 'Unity of Beirut'. [23] And whilst Berri and the Free Patriotic Movement leader Gebran Bassil had a public fall-out in early 2018, which sparked street riots, Berri's post as Speaker of the Parliament appeared to be fairly secured during the electoral campaign. Both the Hariri and Jumblatt camps affirmed their support to Berri's speakership in the run-up to the polls. [24] According to political analysts, the Amal-Hezbollah victory seemed probably in Berri's home constituency, South II, as opposition forces had failed to produce a strong list to challenge him in his home turf. [25]

In Bekaa II, Amal backed the 'Best Tomorrow' list. [18]

Free Patriotic Movement

The electoral slogan of the party was 'A Strong [FPM] for a Strong Lebanon'. [26] The party formed a number of local coalitions with a wide array alliance partners around the country. In North III FPM fielded the ”Strong North” list, headed by Gebran Bassil, in alliance with the Independence Movement and the Future Movement. [27] In Mount Lebanon I (Jbeil-Kesrwan) FPM fielded the ”Strong Lebanon” list led by Chamel Roukoz. [28] In Mount Lebanon II (Metn) FPM fielded the ”Strong Metn” list together with the SSNP and Tashnaq. [29]

After the split between the Future Movement and the Lebanese Forces, a joint list for Beirut I of the Free Patriotic Movement, Tashnaq and the Hunchaks was conceived. supported by the Future Movement. [30] In Bekaa I FPM, Future, Tashnaq and independents fielded a joint list. [18] In North I (Akkar) and South II (Saida-Jezzine) FPM formed electoral alliances with al-Jamaat al-Islamiyya. [31] [32] [33] In North II FPM fielded a list in alliance with Kamal Kheir. [34]

Moreover, whilst FPM and the Amal-Hezbollah coalition parted ways nationally, joint lists were presented in Beirut II and in Mount Lebanon III (Baabda). [22] [23]

In Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel) FPM had hoped to form a list together with former speaker Hussein el-Husseini, but the project fell apart as el-Husseini withdrew from the electoral process. [18] In the end, the Free Patriotic Movement candidates joined the list led by the former regional secretary of the Baath Party, Faiz Shukr. [35]

In South III the Future Movement, the Free Patriotic Movement and the Lebanese Democratic Party supported a joint list called "The South is Worth It", with two FPM-supported independents. [20] [36]

Future Movement

At a ceremony in the Seaside Pavilion on March 11, 2018 the candidates and electoral platform of the Future Movement were presented. [37] The party fielded 37 candidates, out of whom 21 were newcomers. [38] The political newcomers included lawyer Roula Tabash Jaroudi in Beirut II and civil society activist Chadi Nacchabe in Tripoli. [39]

The electoral slogan of the party was 'Blue Talisman' (kharzé zar’a). [26] Commenting on the slogan party leader Saad Hariri stated that ”[the] Future Movement is a Talisman (blue bead) that you put in the ballot box, to protect the country. For that reason, our slogan is the protection of Lebanon and the symbol is the Talisman. You will draw the Talisman with your activity, with your energy, with your daily small and large contributions to the electoral machine, in your dialogue with people, in working for each candidate on the Future lists.” [37]

The Future Movement and the Lebanese Forces negotiated for weeks on forming an electoral alliance, but the effort failed as relations between Future leader Saad Hariri and LF leader Samir Geagea deteriorated on issues relating to Hariri's visit to Saudi Arabia. [40]

Hezbollah

Hezbollah parade Hezzzzbollah.jpg
Hezbollah parade

On February 19, 2018, Hezbollah general secretary Hassan Nasrallah presented the names of the 13 Hezbollah candidates. [41] Amongst the candidates there were five new faces. [41]

On March 22, 2018, Nasrallah issued a statement outlining the main priorities for the parliamentary bloc of the party, Loyalty to the Resistance, in the next parliament. [42] He stated that rooting out corruption would be the foremost priority of the Loyalty to the Resistance bloc. [42] He described the relation with FPM as 'normal', whilst reaffirming the claim that opponents to the Amal-Hezbollah bloc in Bekaa III had supported 'terrorist groups'. [42]

The electoral slogan of the party was 'We will construct and we will protect'. [26]

Overall, Hezbollah performed the best in the case of popular vote in the election, and had substantial electoral vote gains as well.

Kataeb Party

Kataeb ran the elections based on an attempt to re-brand the party as a reformist political force, and distance it from its right-wing conservative legacyThe electoral slogan of the party was 'A Pulse for Change'. [26] Its electoral platform was a comprehensive list of policies that included 131 points, including a range of long-demanded reforms. The party held the elections based on a discourse inspired by protest movements, and attempted to re-brand itself away. However, it failed to make any gains in the elections, losing two of its parliamentary seats and gaining only three seats, two of whom for party leader and Amine Gemayel's son Samy Gemayel, and Nadim Gemayel, son of late president-elect and Lebanese Forces leader Bashir Gemayyel.

Lebanese Forces

The Lebanese Forces announced the names of 19 party candidates and 20 allies on LF-supported lists at an event in Beirut on March 14, 2018 (the anniversary of the founding of the March 14 Movement). At the event LF leader Samir Geagea affirmed commitment to the cause of the March 14 Movement. [43]

The electoral slogan of the party for the election campaign was It has become necessary (sar badda). [26]

Progressive Socialist Party

At the ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of killing of Progressive Socialist Party founder Kamal Jumblatt in Moukhtara on February 19, 2017, Walid Jumblatt symbolically gave his keffiyeh to his son Taymour, symbolically marking the generational shift in the party leadership. [44]

The Democratic Gathering bloc, the parliamentary platform of the Progressive Socialist Party, fielded 10 candidates across the country. The number of candidates of the party was lower than in previous elections, in 2009 the bloc won 11 seats. For the first time since 1992 PSP chief Walid Jumblatt did not stand as a candidate, with Taymour taking over as the party leader. The party fielded candidates for 3 out of 4 Druze seats in Mount Lebanon IV, keeping with the tradition of leaving a seat uncontested to help LDP chief Talal Arslan get elected. [45]

PSP joined joint lists with the Future Movement in Beirut II, Bekaa II and Mount Lebanon IV and with Lebanese Forces in Mount Lebanon III and Mount Lebanon IV. [46]

Arab Democratic Party

In a statement issued on April 29, 2018 the Political Representative of the Arab Democratic Party Rifaat Eid called on his followers to vote for the Alawite candidates Hussein Saloum (on the list of Wajih Barini) in North I and Ahmed Omran in North II (on the list of Faisal Karami). [47]

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

Prior to the election the Arab Socialist Baath Party had suffered a split, with Regional Secretary Assem Qanso and Numan Shalq heading in different directions. Both factions had nominated candidates for the elections, but none was accepted into a list and were thus eliminated from the polls. Reportedly, the Syrian ambassador had lobbied against any list accepting Qanso's candidates, as his group is not recognized from Damascus. A Baathist politician, Kassem Hachem, was included in a list in South III as Amal candidate, but not on behalf of the party. Former Regional Secretary Fayez Shukr headed a list in Bekaa III. [48]

Lebanese Democratic Party

Talal Arslan's LDP gained only one seat in the new parliament, held by Erslan himself, as all other Druze seats were won by candidates from or supported by the Progressive Socialist Party. In Beirut II, LDP had hoped to get Nasib Jawari included as the Druze candidate on the Amal-Hezbollah, but Jawari was not included and LDP withdrew his candidature. [49] Likewise LDP withdrew its candidate from the race in the Bekaa II electoral district. [49]

Independence Movement

The Moawad family's Independence Movement joined the FPM list in Zgharta. [50]

Kulluna Watani (independent alliance)

The civil society alliance behind the "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) ('Kulluna Watani') lists held a launching event on April 9, 2018 at Forum of Beirut. [51] The alliance gathered 11 different campaign and groups, most of which are connected to campaigns started in the protest movements of 2015 or the municipal elections of 2016. [39] The alliance included two local political groups, Libaladi in Beirut 1 and Lihaqqi in Mount Lebanon 4, while most other groups were Beirut-based without any geographical character. Speaking at inauguration event, Charbel Nahas, whose party Citizens within a State joined the Koullouna Watani lists at a later stage, said the purpose of the lists was to provide an alternative to the "corrupted" power in Lebanese politics. [51] Koullouna Watani's electoral lists included 66 candidates running in 9 voting districts. The nine lists were fielded in Beirut I, Bekaa I, all four electoral districts of Mount Lebanon, North II, North III and South III. [51]

Ramgavar

The Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, or Ramgavar, issued a statement on April 18, 2018 condemning any candidate that opposed the unified Armenian parliamentary bloc. [52] In Beirut I, Ramgavar candidates joined the list of Lebanese Forces, Kataeb and Michel Pharaon. [30] [53] One of its candidates is Dr. Avedis Dakassian, the Chair of the Lebanon Regional Committee of the party. [54] [55] In Metn, a Ramgavar candidate joined the list of Lebanese Forces. [56]

Rifi Bloc

Ashraf Rifi, former Hariri ally, Internal Security Forces chief and Justice Minister, broke ranks with Hariri in 2016. [57] In the 2016 Tripoli municipal election, he defeated Hariri's candidates and won 22 out of 24 seats. [58] He fielded his own lists in the parliamentary election, in a move to challenge Hariri's dominance over Sunni politics. Ahead of the elections he profiled himself as a "hawk", unwilling to enter into talks with Hezbollah. [57]

Rifi fielded lists in three electoral districts; Beirut II, [23] North I [31] [59] and North II. [34] Rifi tried to field a list in Bekaa I together with Kataeb and Lebanese Forces, but the initiative did not bear fruit. [60] Likewise, Lebanese Forces and Rifi discussed a joint list in Bekaa III, but no such list materialized. [18]

Syrian Social Nationalist Party

SSNP flag Flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg
SSNP flag

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party fielded 7 candidates. In Mount Lebanon II (Metn) it joined the list of the Free Patriotic Movement. In Mount Lebanon IV (Aley-Chouf) it joined the list of Talal Arslan. In Bekaa I (Zahle) it joined the list of Nicolas Fattouch. In Bekaa III and South III SSNP candidates were included in the Amal-Hezbollah lists. In North I (Akkar) its candidate was included in the list of March 8 forces. In North III the SSNP entered the list of Boutros Harb and the Marada Movement. [61] [62]

Tashnaq

Tashnaq leader Hagop Pakradounian Hagop Pakradounian.jpg
Tashnaq leader Hagop Pakradounian

On March 22, 2018 the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, or Tashnaq, announced its candidates in Beirut I and Mount Lebanon II (Metn). [63] The party contested three seats in Beirut I and fielded incumbent parliamentarian Hagop Pakradounian in Metn. [64] In Beirut I the party entered in alliance with FPM, Hunchaks and the Future Movement. [30] In Metn the party entered in an alliance with FPM and SSNP. [29]

In Bekaa I (Zahle) Tashnaq opted to support the candidature of Marie-Jeanne Bilezikjian, pharmacist and women's rights activist, on the joint FPM-Future list. [65] The support for Bilezikjian's candidature was part of a wider agreement between Tashnaq and the Future Movement. [65]

Candidates

Distribution of seats between electoral districts Distribution of seats by 2017 Vote Law (Lebanon).png
Distribution of seats between electoral districts

After the deadline on 26 March 2018, the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities announced that 77 lists, with a total of 583 candidates, had been registered. [11] The highest number of lists was in Beirut II, where nine lists were registered. Only two lists were registered in the Zahrani-Tyre electoral district. [66] Notably, the erstwhile March 8 and March 14 blocs, which had dominated the 2009 elections, are no longer functional and parties sought alliances on local dynamics when setting up lists. [67]

A Record number of Lebanese women running for office. In fact, out of the total 976 candidates who originally registered to run, 111 were female candidates - a staggering surge compared to just 12 women in 2009. [68]

SectSeatsCandidatesCandidates
per seat
Sect % of electorate
in Electoral District [69]
Alawite 2126
North I (Akkar)1444.97%
North II (Tripoli)1886.04%
Armenian Catholic 155
Beirut I1555.57%
Armenian Orthodox 5173.4
Beirut I3103.328.3%
Bekaa I (Zahle)1444.99%
Mount Lebanon II (Metn)13314.3%
Druze 8364.5
Beirut II1771.55%
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)12214.8%
Mount Lebanon III (Baabda)14417.6%
Mount Lebanon IV (Aley)28440.5%
Mount Lebanon IV (Chouf)2105
South III (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya)1553.65%
Evangelical 177
Beirut II1770.81%
Greek Catholic 8334.1
Beirut I1449.8%
Bekaa I (Zahle)28428.3%
Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)1555.36%
Mount Lebanon II (Metn)1559.83%
Mount Lebanon IV (Chouf)1555.18%
South I (Jezzine)1448.69%
South II (Zahrany)1226.81%
Greek Orthodox 14654.6
Beirut I15519.2%
Beirut II1775%
Bekaa I (Zahle)1559.54%
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)1337.16%
Mount Lebanon II (Metn)28414.6%
Mount Lebanon IV (Aley)1445.14%
North I (Akkar)294.514.7%
North II (Tripoli)1776.24%
North III (Koura)3113.720.7%
South III (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya)1662.45%
Maronite 341514.4
Beirut I15513.2%
Bekaa I (Zahle)15515.7%
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)1337.22%
Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)1557.35%
Mount Lebanon I (Jbeil)210582.1%
Mount Lebanon I (Kesrwan)5234.6
Mount Lebanon II (Metn)4194.844.8%
Mount Lebanon III (Baabda)312436.8%
Mount Lebanon IV (Aley)294.527%
Mount Lebanon IV (Chouf)3165.3
North I (Akkar)16610.9%
North II (Tripoli)1553.5%
North III (Batroun)273.568.1%
North III (Bcharre)284
North III (Zgharta)3124
South I (Jezzine)26330.8%
Minorities 155
Beirut I15511.8%
Shia 271023.8
Beirut II2136.520.6%
Bekaa I (Zahle)15516%
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)13314.7%
Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)6274.573.3%
Mount Lebanon I (Jbeil)15510.7%
Mount Lebanon III (Baabda)273.525.2%
South II (Tyre)48281.4%
South II (Zahrany)231.5
South III (Bint Jbeil)3134.380.1%
South III (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya)273.5
South III (Nabatieh)3113.7
Sunni 271545.7
Beirut II6477.862.1%
Bekaa I (Zahle)15518.7%
Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)252.548.8%
Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)210513.3%
Mount Lebanon IV (Chouf)2115.518.7%
North I (Akkar)318667.5%
North II (Dennieh)2136.582.91%
North II (Minnieh)177
North II (Tripoli)5275.4
South I (Saida)273.544.2%
South III (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya)1446.35%

Electoral districts

Incumbent parliamentarians marked in bold italic.

Beirut I (East Beirut)

Beirut I electoral district Beirut I electoral district (2017).png
Beirut I electoral district

The Eastern first Beirut electoral district covers 4 quartiers (neighbourhoods) of the Lebanese capital: Achrafieh, Saifi, Rmeil and Medawar. [7] The area is predominately Christian; the largest community in the Beirut I electorate are Armenian Orthodox (28.33%). [70] [71] 19.2% are Greek Orthodox, 13.19% Maronite, 9.8% Greek Catholic, 9.76% Sunni, 5.57% Armenian Catholic, 3.95% Syriac Catholic, 3% Latin Catholics, 1.97% other Minorities groups, 2.88% Evangelicals, 1.99% Shia and 0.37% Druze or Alawite. [70] [71]

In first Beirut electoral district 5 lists were registered. [11] After the split between the Future Movement and the Lebanese Forces, a joint list of the Free Patriotic Movement, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnaq) and the Hunchaks was conceived ("Strong Beirut I") supported by the Future Movement. [30] The Future Movement itself, however, stayed aloof from fielding candidates. [72] The Lebanese Forces, together with the Kataeb Party, Ramgavars and Michel Pharaon, and with support from Antoun Sehnaoui, fielded their list under the label "Beirut I". [30] [53] Michelle Tueni fielded a third list, "We Are Beirut", being joined by incumbent Future MP Serge Torsarkissian. [72]

For the Minorities seat the FPM fielded a Syriac Orthodox candidate, former Brigadier General Antoine Pano, whilst the Tueni list includes Latin Catholic candidate Rafic Bazerji, an independent from a family historically close to the National Liberal Party. [73] [74]

ListArmenian Orthodox, 3 seatsMaronite, 1 seatGreek Orthodox, 1 seatGreek Catholic, 1 seatArmenian Catholic, 1 seatMinorities, 1 seat
"Strong Beirut I"OrangeHakop Terzian
(Tashnaq) [72]
Alexander Matossian
(Tashnaq) [72]
Sebouh Kalpakian
(Hunchak) [75]
Massoud Achkar
(Union for Lebanon) [76]
Nicolas Chammas Nicolas Sehnaoui
(FPM) [77]
Serg Gukhadarian
(Tashnaq) [72]
Antoine Pano
(FPM) [77]
"Beirut I"RedCarole BabikianAvedis Dakessian
(Ramgavar) [72]
Elena Cloxian
(Ramgavar) [72]
Nadim Gemayel
(Kataeb) [78]
Emad Wakim
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Michel Pharaon Jean TalouzianRiad Akel
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)Turquoise Paula Yacoubian
(Saaba) [30]
Laury Haytayan
(LiBaladi) [30]
Levon Telvizian
(LiBaladi) [30]
Gilbert Doumit
(LiBaladi) [30]
Ziad Abs
(Sah) [30]
Lucien Bourjeily
(You Stink) [30]
Yorgui Teyrouz
(LiBaladi) [30]
Joumana Haddad
(LiBaladi) [30]
"We are Beirut"Navy BlueSeybou MakhjianGeorges SfeirMichelle Tueni Serge Torsarkissian Rafic Bazerji
"Loyalty to Beirut"GreenRoger ChoueiriRobert ObeidAntoune QalaijianGina Chammas
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [79]

Beirut II (West Beirut)

Beirut II electoral district Beirut II electoral district (2017).png
Beirut II electoral district

The Western second Beirut electoral district covers 8 quartiers (neighbourhoods) of the Lebanese capital: Ain El Mreisseh, Bachoura, Mazraa, Minet El Hosn, Moussaitbeh, Port, Ras Beirut and Zuqaq al-Blat. [7] The electorate is predominately Sunni (62.1%). [80] 20.6% are Shia, 5% Greek Orthodox, 3.41% Minorities, 1.86% Maronite, 1.65% Armenian Orthodox, 1.63% Greek Catholic, 1.55% Druze, 1.31% Jews, 0.81% Evangelical (Protestant) and 0.03% Alawite. [80]

In second Beirut electoral district 9 lists were registered. [11] In the 2009 election, the Future Movement had won the election in West Beirut. But this time, a number of lists seeks to challenge the Future dominance over the Sunni electorate, "Beirut al-Watan" (alliance of al-Jamaa al-Islamiah and Al Liwaa newspaper editor Salah Salam), "Beiruti Opposition" (fielded by Ashraf Rifi), "Lebnan Herzen", "We are All Beirut" and "Dignity of Beirut" (led by former judge Khaled Hammoud). [23] [81] [82]

The erstwhile March 8 bloc split into two lists. Hezbollah, Amal, Al-Ahbash and the Free Patriotic Movement fielded the "Unity of Beirut" list, whilst the People's Movement and Al-Mourabitoun fielded the "Voice of the People" list. [23] Omar Ghandour, candidate of the Islamic Action Front, prominent businessman and former president of the Nejmeh Sporting Club, was named president of "Unity of Beirut" list. [83] [84] The SSNP faction of Ali Haidar fielded a candidate on the "Voice of the People" list. [85] Naamat Badruddin, also on the "Voice of the People" list was a leader during the 2015 trash protest movement. [86]

Under the previous electoral law the Future Movement could easily win landslides in West Beirut. But under the new electoral law analysts argued that the Future Movement could lose a number of seats. Apart from the Hezbollah-Amal-FPM list (expected to win the Shia vote), the main perceived challengers to the Future Movement were the "Beirut al-Watan" list and the "Lebnan Herzen" list of prominent businessman Fouad Makhzoumi. [83] Nevertheless, the Beirut al-Watan list included several figures close to the Hariri family and Salam pledged to support the "Sunni za'im" Hariri to remain Prime Minister of Lebanon. [83]

Prior to the deadline to register lists, the Lebanese Democratic Party announced the withdrawal of its candidate for the Druze seat. [87] Likewise the Lebanese People's Congress, which had initially intended to field Samir Kneo on the Amal-Hezbollah list, withdrew from the race. [88] [89]

ListSunni, 6 seatsShia, 2 seatsDruze, 1 seatGreek Orthodox, 1 seatEvangelical, 1 seat
"Future for Beirut"Blue Saad Hariri
(Future) [90]
Tamam Salam
(Future) [90]
Nohad Machnouk
(Future) [90]
Roula Tabash Jaroudi
(Future) [90]
Rabea Hassouna
(Future) [90]
Zaher Eido
(Future) [90]
Ali Al Shaer
(Future) [90]
Ghazi Yusuf
(Future) [90]
Faisal Al Sayegh
(PSP) [91]
Nazih Najem
(Future) [90]
Bassam Chab
(Future) [90]
"Beiruti Opposition"BurgundiZiad ItaniAkram SinnoAmer IskandaraniSafiyah ZazaYassine KadadoLina HamdanZeina MansourBchara Khairallah
"Unity of Beirut"YellowAdnan Trabelsi
(Al-Ahbash) [81]
Omar Ghandour
(Islamic Action Front) [92]
Mohammed Baasiri Amin Shri
(Hezbollah) [93]
Mohammad Khawaja
(Amal) [94]
Edgar Trabelsi
(FPM) [77]
"Lebnan Herzen"Red Fouad Makhzoumi
(National Dialogue Party) [95]
Marouf ItaniRana ChemaitellyMahmoud KareidiyaSaaduddin Hassan KhaledIssam BarghoutYousef BeydounZeina MounzerKhalil BroummanaNadim Costa
"Voice of the People"GrayIbrahim Halabi
(People's Movement) [96]
Youssef Tabash
(Mourabitoun) [97]
Fares ManaimnaHanan OsmanRoula HouryFaten ZainNaamat BadruddinHani Fayyad
(SSNP (Intifada)) [85]
Omar Wakim
(People's Movement) [98]
Nabil Sebaaly
"Beirut al-Watan"Navy BlueSalah SalaamMoustafa Banbouk
(Al-Waqie Movement) [99]
Bashar QowatliImad Hout
(al-Jama'a al-Islamiah) [23]
Saad WazzanNabil BaderSalwa KhalilIbrahim ChamseddineSaeed HalabiGeorge ChaqirDalal Rahbani
"Dignity of Beirut"GreenKhaled HamoudMohammad QadiJihad MatarHanan Sha'arKhuloud WattarMuhammad ShatilaAli SbeitiRaja ZuhairiMikhael Mikhael
"Birutah al-Mustaqilin"PurpleWalid ShatilaAbdul Karim ItaniAbdul Rahman GilaniKhalid HanqirKhalid MumtazWisam AkushJihad HammoudAndera ZouheiriLeon SioufiFadi Zarazir
"We are All Beirut"OrangeIbrahim MneimnehHassan Faysal SanoNadine ItaniMarwan TibiFatima MoshrefNaji KodeihZeina MajdalaniNihad Yazbek
Source: Al-Modon, [100] ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [101]

Bekaa I (Zahle)

Bekaa I electoral district, covering the Zahle District Bekaa I electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
Bekaa I electoral district, covering the Zahle District

The electorate in the first Bekaa electoral district is predominately Christian. [102] Ahead of the 2018 elections, electoral district had 172,555 registered voters; 28.32% Sunni, 15.96% Shi, 0.53% Druze, 18.72% Greek Catholic, 15.68% Maronite, 9.54% Greek Orthodox, 4.99% Armenian Orthodox, 3.85% Syriac Orthodox and Syriac Catholic, 1.07% Armenian Catholic, 0.78% Evangelical and 0.57% from other sects. [103]

In the Zahle electoral district 5 lists were registered. [11] An alliance of Free Patriotic Movement, Future Movement, Tashnaq and independents was announced with the candidature name "Zahle for All". [33] [18] Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb Party fielded the "Zahle is Our Cause" list. [18] There were also the "Popular Bloc" list led by Mariam Skaff, "Zahle Options and Decisions" led by Nicolas Fattouch (including a Hezbollah candidate) and the civil society list Kulluna Watani. [18]

Rifi did not field a list in Zahle, as he failed to reach an alliance with Kataeb and Lebanese Forces on the matter. [60]

ListGreek Catholic, 2 seatsMaronite, 1 seatGreek Orthodox, 1 seatSunni, 1 seatShia, 1 seatArmenian Orthodox, 1 seat
"Zahle for All"Navy BlueMichel SkaffMichel George DaherSalim Aoun
(FPM) [77]
Assaad NakadAsim Araji
(Future) [90]
Nizar Dalloul
(Future) [90]
Marie-Jeanne Bilezikjian
"Zahle is Our Cause"RedGeorge Akeis
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Michel FattouchElie Maroni
(Kataeb) [78]
César MaaloufMuhammad Ali MitaAmer SabouriBoughous Kordian
"Popular Bloc"GreenMariam Skaff
(Popular Bloc) [104]
Nicola Amorri
(Popular Bloc) [104]
Paul Charbel
(Popular Bloc) [104]
Nicola Saba
(Popular Bloc) [104]
Ahmed Al-Ajoumi
(Popular Bloc) [104]
Osama Salhab
(Popular Bloc) [104]
George Bushikian
(Popular Bloc) [104]
"Zahle Options and Decisions"PurpleNicolas FattouchKhalil HrawiNassif Al-Tini
(SSNP) [61]
Wajih ArajiAnwar Jomaa
(Hezbollah) [41]
Eddie Demirjian
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseGhassan MaaloufHanna HabibVanda Chedid
(Green) [105]
Houd TaaïmiMohammad Hassan
Source: Al-Liwaa, [106] ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [107]

Bekaa II (West Bekaa-Rachaya)

The Bekaa II electoral district, covering the West Bekaa and the Rashaya districts Bekaa II electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Bekaa II electoral district, covering the West Bekaa and the Rashaya districts

In the second Bekaa electoral district, nearly half of the electorate is Sunni (48.8%). [108] 14.8% of the electorate is Druze, 14.7% Shia, 7.42% Greek Catholic, 7.22% Maronite and 7.16% Greek Orthodox. [108]

In the West Bekaa-Rachaya electoral district 3 lists were registered. [11] The Future Movement and the Progressive Socialist Party formed a joint list. Notably this list included Mohammed Qar'awi, owner of the Bekaa Hospital, a personality previously linked to the March 8 Alliance. [18] Amin Wahbi, founder and leader of the Democratic Left Movement was included on the Future list. [109]

The "Best Tomorrow" list is mainly backed by the Amal Movement. [18] In the end the Free Patriotic Movement did not join the Amal-sponsored list, leaving Greek Orthodox candidate Elie Ferzli to join it as an individual. [18]

TV presenter Maguy Aoun is heading a third list, organized by civil society elements. [110]

The Lebanese Forces had tried to form a list with Ashraf Rifi to contest the election, but such a list did not materialize. [18] Likewise, the Lebanese Democratic Party opted to withdrawal its candidate Dr. Nizar Zaki. [111]

ListSunni, 2 seatsShia, 1 seatDruze, 1 seatMaronite, 1 seatGreek Orthodox, 1 seat
"Future for West Bekaa"Blue Ziad Qadri
(Future) [90]
Mohammed Qar'awi
(Future) [90]
Amin Wahbi
(Future) [90]
Wael Abou Faour
(PSP) [112]
Henri Chadid Ghassan Skaf
"Best Tomorrow"Navy Blue Abdel Rahim Murad
(Union Party) [103]
Mohammad Nasrallah
(Amal) [94]
Faisal Daoud
(Lebanese Arab Struggle Movement) [113]
Naji Ghanem Elie Ferzli
"Civil Society"GreenFaisal RahalAla ShamaliAli SobhMaguy AounJoseph Ayoub
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [114]

Bekaa III (Baalbek-Hermel)

The Bekaa III electoral district, covering the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate Bekaa III electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Bekaa III electoral district, covering the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate

The electorate in the electoral district is predominately Shia (73.3%). [115] 13.3% are Sunni, 7.35% Maronite, 5.36% Greek Catholic and 0.72% Greek Orthodox. [115] In Baalbek-Hermel electoral district 5 lists were registered. [11] The "Hope and Loyalty" list gathers Hezbollah, Amal and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. [18] Its main challenger is expected to be the "Dignity and Development" list of the Lebanese Forces and the Future Movement. [18] The Free Patriotic Movement had tried to form a list together with former speaker Hussein el-Husseini, but after el-Husseini pulled out from the electoral fray the alliance broke down and resulted in two separate lists: the "Development and Change" list and the "Independent" list. [18] The Free Patriotic Movement candidates joined the list led by the former regional secretary of the Baath Party, Faiz Shukr. [35]

ListShia, 6 seatsSunni, 2 seatsMaronite, 1 seatGreek Catholic, 1 seat
"Hope and Loyalty"Green-Yellow Jamil El Sayyed Hussein el Hage Hassan
(Hezbollah) [116]
Ihab Hamadeh
(Hezbollah) [41]
Ali Mekdad
(Hezbollah) [116]
Ibrahim Moussawi
(Hezbollah) [116]
Ghazi Zaiter
(Amal) [94]
Younis Rifai
(Al-Ahbash) [117]
Elwalid Succariyeh Emile Rahme
(Solidarity Party) [117]
Albert Mansour
(SSNP) [118]
"Dignity and Development"RedYehya ChammasRifaat MasriMohammad Hajj SleimanGhaleb YaghiKhodr TlayssMohammad HamiyeBakr Hojeiry
(Future) [90]
Hussein Solh
(Future) [90]
Antoine Habchi
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Selim Kallas
"Development and Change"GreyAbbas YaghiAli ZuaiterAli HamadaAbdallah ChallSamih EzzeddineChawki FakhriSiham Antoune
(LCP) [119]
"Independent"PinkGhada Assaf
(FPM) [77]
Faiz ShukrMehdi ZogheibSaad HamadehFaisal HusseiniFadi YounisAhmed BayanMohamed FleetiSandrella MerhejMichel Emile Daher
(FPM) [77]
"National Cedars"GoldMohammad Ghassan Moustapha ChallKhaldoun ChreifAbbas AssafMohammad RaadFouad MaoulaHamad DibAdel Mohammad BayanWaed SuccariyehLeila TannourySaadallah Ardo
(Kataeb) [78]
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [120]

Mount Lebanon I (Jbeil-Kesrwan)

The Mount Lebanon I electoral district. The electoral district consists of two minor districts, the Jbeil (in red, covering Jbeil district) and Kesrwan (in brown, covering Kesrwan district). Mount Lebanon I electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Mount Lebanon I electoral district. The electoral district consists of two minor districts, the Jbeil (in red, covering Jbeil district) and Kesrwan (in brown, covering Kesrwan district).

In Jbeil-Kesrwan electoral district 5 lists were registered. [11] The lists in the fray are the "Strong Lebanon" (supported by Free Patriotic Movement), the "National Solidarity" (Hezbollah), the "Anna al-Qarar" list (alliance between Kataeb Party, Fares Souhaid, Farid Heikal Al Khazen and independents, supported by Marada Movement), the "Clear Change" list (supported by Lebanese Forces) and the "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) list. [28] [121]

In difference with previous elections, FPM and Hezbollah did not join forces on a common list. Hezbollah fielded its own list, with a Shia candidate (Hussein Zuaitar) from Baalbek. The Alliance National list included the former Telecommunications Minister Jean Louis Cardahi and dissident FPM politician Bassam Hachem, Hezbollah candidate and 4 other independents.

The FPM list was led by General Chamel Roukoz, with World Maronite Foundation president Neemat Frem, former minister Ziad Baroud and former parliamentarian Mansour al-Bon, amongst others. [122]

The Kataeb-Souhaid supported list sought to include personalities from civil society. It included former National Bloc general secretary Jean Hawat. There was resistance from Kataeb side to field incumbent parliamentarians Youssef Khalil and Gilberte Zouein, since they were linked to the Change and Reform Bloc. [122]

The "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) list included former minister Youssef Salame. [122]

The electorate is predominately Christian; Maronites make up 82.1% of the electorate, 10.7% Shia, 1.91% Greek Orthodox, 1.4% Armenian Orthodox, 1.32% Sunni, 1.32% Greek Catholic and 1.26% other Christian communities. [123]

ListMaronite (Jbeil, 2 seats)Shia (Jbeil, 1 seat)Maronite (Kesrwan, 5 seats)
"Strong Lebanon"PurpleSimon Abi Rumia
(FPM) [77]
Walid KhouryRabih Awad Chamel Roukoz Neemat FremRoger Azar
(FPM) [77]
Ziad Baroud Mansour al-Bon
"National Solidarity"GrayJean-Louis CardahiBassam HachemHussein Zuaitar
(Hezbollah) [124]
Carlos Abu NaderZeina KallabMichel KeyrouzJoseph ZayekJoseph Zougheib
"Anna al-Qarar"Navy BlueFares SouhaidJean HawatMoustapha HusseiniFarid Heikal Al KhazenShaker Salameh
(Kataeb) [78]
Youssef KhalilGilberte ZoueinYolanda Khoury
"Clear ChangeRed Ziad Hawat
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Fady Rouhana Sakr Mahmoud Awad Chawki Daccache
(Lebanese Forces) [125]
Rock MehannaPatricia EliasNuman MuradZiad Khalifa
(NLP) [125]
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseNadim SouhaidRania BassilMohamed Mekdad
(LCP) [126]
Youssef SalameDouri DouJosephine Zogheib
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [121]

Mount Lebanon II (Metn)

The Mount Lebanon II electoral district, covering the Metn district Mount Lebanon II electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Mount Lebanon II electoral district, covering the Metn district

Mount Lebanon II is a predominately Christian electoral district; 44.8% of the electorate is Maronite, 14.6% Greek Orthodox, 14.3% Armenian Orthodox, 9.83% Greek Catholic, 3.86% Armenian Catholic and 6.28% other Christian communities. [127] 3.03% of the electorate is Shia, 1.88% Sunni and 1.38% Druze. [127]

In Metn electoral district 5 lists were registered. [11] Michel Murr fielded the list "Metn Loyalty". [29] [128] The Kataeb Party fielded its list under the label "Pulse Metn" together with the National Liberal Party and civil society personalities, the Lebanese Forces and allies contest under the label "Metn Heart of Lebanon" and an alliance of the Free Patriotic Movement-Syrian Social Nationalist Party-Tashnaq fielded the "Strong Metn" list. [29] [56]

The Communist Party had been in discussions with civil society activists on forming a list labelled "Nawar al-Metn", but the initiative did not materialize. [29]

ListMaronite, 4 seatsGreek Orthodox, 2 seatsGreek Catholic, 1 seatArmenian Orthodox, 1 seat
"Pulse Metn"Green Samy Gemayel
(Kataeb) [78]
Elias Hankache
(Kataeb) [78]
Nada Gharib
(Green) [56]
Joseph Karam
(NLP) [56]
Mazen SkafViolette Ghazal BalaaMikhail RamouzYeghisheh Andonian
"Strong Metn"OrangeIbrahim Kanaan
(FPM) [77]
Corinne AchkarSarkis Sarkis Ghassan Achkar
(SSNP) [129]
Ghassan Mukhaiber Elias Bousaab
(FPM) [77]
Edgar Maalouf
(FPM) [77]
Hagop Pakradounian
(Tashnaq) [130]
"Metn Loyalty"Navy BlueNajwa AzarMellad El-Sabali
(SSNP (Intifada)) [85]
Sharbel Abu Joudeh Michel Murr George Abboud
"Metn Heart of Lebanon"RedEddy Abillama
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Razi HajChucri MoukarzelGisèle Hachem ZardLina MoukheiberJessica AzarMichel MecattafAra Koyounian
(Ramgavar) [56]
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseEmile KanaanNadine MousaAdeeb TohmahVicky Zouin
(Saaba) [56]
Georges Rahbani
(Saaba) [56]
Charbel Nahas
(Citizens in the State) [56]
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [128]

Mount Lebanon III (Baabda)

The Mount Lebanon III electoral district, covering the Baabda district Mount Lebanon III electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Mount Lebanon III electoral district, covering the Baabda district

In Baabda electoral district 4 lists were registered. [11] Whilst the Free Patriotic Movement and the March 8 coalition had gone separate ways in most electoral districts, they managed to form a joint list in Baabda under the label "National Reconciliation". [22] The other main list in the fray is the "Unity and Development of Baabda" list, an alliance of the Progressive Socialist Party, the Lebanese Forces, independents and Salah Harake, supported by the Future Movement. [22] [131] There are also two civil society lists. [22] The "Together for Baabda" list was presented by Kataeb chief Sami Gemayel and NLP chief Dory Chamoun on March 3, 2018, a list including civil society activists and environmentalists. [131] [132] It includes the founder of Terre-Liban and the Lebanese Ecological Movement, a platform of NGOs, Paul Abi Rached as one of its candidates. [133]

36.8% of the electorate is Maronite, 25.2% Shia, 17.6% Druze, 7.61% Greek Orthodox, 6.11% Sunni, 4.6% Greek Catholic and 2.14% belong to other Christian communities. [134]

ListMaronite, 3 seatsShia, 2 seatsDruze, 1 seat
"National Reconciliation"Orange Hikmat Dib
(FPM) [77]
Alain Aoun
(FPM) [77]
Naji Gharios
(FPM) [77]
Ali Ammar
(Hezbollah) [135]
Fadi Alame
(Amal) [135]
Souhail Awar
(LDP) [136]
"Unity and Development of Baabda"RedCynthia AsmarJoseph AdaïmiPierre Bouassi
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Salah HarakeHadi Abou el-Hosn
(PSP) [135]
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseJoseph WanisZiad AkelMarie Claude Helou
(Saaba) [135]
Ali Darwish
(Citizens in the State) [135]
Wasif HarakatRania Masri
(Citizens in the State) [135]
"Together for Baabda"GreenPaul Abi RachedElie GhariosRamzi Bou Khaled
(Kataeb) [78]
Said AlamehOlfat SabehAjwad Ayach
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [137]

Mount Lebanon IV (Aley-Chouf)

The Mount Lebanon IV electoral district. The electoral district consists of two minor districts, the Aley (in red, covering Aley district) and Chouf (in brown, covering Chouf district). Mount Lebanon IV electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The Mount Lebanon IV electoral district. The electoral district consists of two minor districts, the Aley (in red, covering Aley district) and Chouf (in brown, covering Chouf district).

In Aley-Chouf electoral district 6 lists were registered. [11] 40.5% of the electorate is Druze, 27% Maronite, 18.7% Sunni, 5.18% Greek Catholic, 5.14% Greek Orthodox, 2.6% Shia and 0.91% belongs to other Christian communities. [138]

The battle was expected to be mainly between two lists: the "Reconciliation" (Progressive Socialist Party-Future Movement-Lebanese Forces) list and the "Mountain Pledge" (Lebanese Democratic Party-Free Patriotic Movement-Syrian Social Nationalist Party) list. [138] The remaining lists were the "Free Decision" (Kataeb Party and National Liberal Party) list, the "National Unity" list of Wiam Wahhab (former Minister, ex-LDP), the "Civic" list and the "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) list. [138] [139]

Towards the end of February the Democratic Renewal Movement candidate Antoine Haddad announced his withdrawal from the race. [140]

ListDruze (Aley, 2 seats)Maronite (Aley, 2 seats)Greek Orthodox (Aley, 1 seat)
"Reconciliation"Red Akram Chehayeb
(PSP) [125]
Henri Helou
(Democratic Gathering) [125]
Raji Saad
(Democratic Gathering) [125]
Anis Nasar
(Lebanese Forces) [125]
"Mountain Pledge"Green-Orange Talal Arslan
(LDP) [136]
César Abi Khalil
(FPM) [77]
Imad HajjElias Hanna
(FPM) [77]
"Free Decision"Navy BlueSami RamahTeodora Bajani
(Kataeb) [78]
Antoine Bou Melhab
(NLP) [141]
"National Unity"GreenShafiq Salama RadwanKhaled Aref Khadaj
(Arab Unification Party) [142]
Souhail Khalil BajaniWalid Anis Khairallah
"Civic"SilverMark DaouFadi Khoury
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseEmad QaziAlaa SabbaghKarl MelhamZoya Jureidini
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [139]
ListMaronite (Chouf, 3 seats)Druze (Chouf, 2 seats)Sunni (Chouf, 2 seats)Greek Catholic (Chouf, 1 seat)
"Reconciliation"Red Georges Adwan
(Lebanese Forces) [125]
Ghattas Khoury
(Future) [90]
Naji BustaniTaymour Jumblatt
(PSP) [125]
Marwan Hamadeh
(PSP) [125]
Bilal Abdullah
(PSP) [125]
Mohammed Hajjar
(Future) [90]
Nima Tomeh
(Democratic Gathering) [125]
"Mountain Pledge"Green-Orange Mario Aoun
(FPM) [77]
Farid BustaniSamir Aoun
(SSNP) [61]
Marwan Halawi
(LDP) [136]
Mazen Abu Dergham
(LDP) [136]
Tareq Khatib
(FPM) [77]
Ali Al Hajj Ghassan Atallah
(FPM) [77]
"Free Decision"Navy BlueCamille Dory Chamoun
(NLP) [143]
Joseph Eid
(Kataeb) [78]
Da'id Qazi
(NLP) [144]
Sami HamadaElhan FarahatMazin ShabuRafat ShaabanGhassan Moghbab
"National Unity"GreenZiad Antoine ChoueiriAs'ad Edmon Abu Jouda Wiam Wahhab
(Arab Unification Party) [142]
Elias Abdel Salam Baraj Zahir Khatib
(Toilers League) [97]
Abu Rajaili
"Civic"SilverEliane QaziElias GharibMarwan MataniRami HamadehMaya TerroChukri Haddad
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseGhada Maroni EidGeorge AounRania GhaithMaher Abu ShaqraMohammed Sami HajjarMazen NasruddinAntoine Fawaz
(LCP) [145]
ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [139]

North I (Akkar)

The North I electoral district, covering the Akkar Governorate North I electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The North I electoral district, covering the Akkar Governorate

In Akkar 6 lists were registered. [11] The Future Movement opted for a list of its own (with Lebanese Forces candidate Qatisha as candidate for a Greek Orthodox seat). [31] There is also a list supported by March 8 coalition "The Decision for Akkar" (headed by ex-MP Wajih Barini, in alliance with the Marada Movement and the Arab Democratic Party), the "Decision of Akkar" list, the "Strong Akkar" list (Free Patriotic Movement, al-Jamaa al-Islamiah, pro-Future independents), "Sovereign Lebanon" list (led by Ashraf Rifi) and the "Women of Akkar" list. [31] [59] [146]

The electorate is predominately Sunni (67.5%). 14.7% of the electorate is Greek Orthodox, 10.9% Maronite, 4.97% Alawite, 1.05% Shia, 0.62% Greek Catholic and 0.29% from other Christian communities. [147]

ListSunni, 3 seatsGreek Orthodox, 2 seatsMaronite, 1 seatAlawite, 1 seat
"Future of Akkar"BlueWaleed Wajih Barini
(Future) [90]
Mohammad Tarek Talal Maaribi
(Future) [90]
Mohammed Suleiman
(Future) [90]
Wahbi Qatisha
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Jean Moussa
(Future) [90]
Hadi Hobeiche
(Future) [90]
Khodr Habib
(Future) [90]
"Decision for Akkar"GreenWajih Barini
(Akkari People's Gathering) [148]
Adnan MarabHussein MasriEmile Abboud
(SSNP) [149]
Karim Rassi
(Marada) [150]
Michel Antonios DaherHussein Salloum
"Decision of Akkar"RedKamal KhazalAli Omar
(Resistance Movement) [151]
Basem KhalidGeorge Nader
"Strong Akkar"GoldMohammad YahyaMohamed Shadeed
(Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya) [152]
Mahmoud Hadara Riad Rahal Asaad Dergham
(FPM) [77]
Jamie Jabbour
(FPM) [77]
Mustafa Ali Hussein
(Lebanese People's Movement) [153]
"Sovereign Lebanon"RedIbrahim MaraabBader IsmailAhmed JowharElie SaadJoseph WehbeZiad BitarMohammed Rustam
"Women of Akkar"PinkRola MuradSuad SalahGhoulay AssaadNidal SkafMary Khoury
Source: Saida City, [33] Al-Modon, [31] An-Nahar [59] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [154]

North II (Tripoli-Minnieh-Dennieh)

The North II electoral district, covering the Tripoli and Minnieh-Dennieh districts. The North II electoral district is divided into 3 minor districts: Tripoli (in green), Minnieh (in red) and Dennieh (in brown). North II electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The North II electoral district, covering the Tripoli and Minnieh-Dennieh districts. The North II electoral district is divided into 3 minor districts: Tripoli (in green), Minnieh (in red) and Dennieh (in brown).

Under the previous electoral law, Tripoli and Minnieh-Dennieh constituted two different constituencies. [34] The electorate is predominately Sunni (82.91%), with significant minorities of Greek Orthodox (6.24%), Alawites (6.04%) and Maronites (3.5%). [34] 0.51% of the electorate are Armenian Orthodox, 0.32% Armenian Catholics and 0.59% belong to other Christian communities. [155]

With the new election law in place, the heavyweights of Tripoli politics went in different directions. [156] Justifying the decision to head to the polls alone, the Future Movement general secretary Ahmed Hariri stated that "[w]e will form our own list because we came to understand that a lot of people had taken advantage of us...". [156] All in all, 8 lists were registered in the second northern electoral district; the "Determination" list of former Prime Minister Najib Mikati, the Future Movement list, a list led by Ashraf Rifi, the "National Dignity" list (alliance between Faisal Karami and Jihad Samad, with participation of Al-Ahbash and Marada Movement), the "People's Decision" list (alliance between Free Patriotic Movement and Kamal Kheir, joined by independents), the "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) list (Sabaa Party, Movement of Citizens in the State, Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party, Resistance Movement and independents), the "Independent Decision" list (alliance between al-Jamaa al-Islamiah, ex-parliamentarian Mesbah Ahdab and independents) and the "Independent Civil Society" List (independents). [11] [34] [157] Mohammad Safadi opted to stay out of the electoral race, calling for support to the Future list. Safadi announced his decision at a press conference at the Safadi Cultural Center. [156]

In Dennieh, the 28-year old Sami Fatfat overtook his father Ahmad Fatfat's mantle as the Future Movement candidate. [158]

Mikati launched his "Determination" list at an electoral meeting at the Quality Inn Hotel in Tripoli on March 18, 2018. Amongst his candidates were former minister Jean Obeid and Nicholas Nahas and incumbent Future parliamentarian Kazim Kheir. [159] Kheir was denied the Minnieh spot on the Future Movement list, a move that pushed him to join the Mikati list instead. [160]

ListSunni (Tripoli, 5 seats)Maronite (Tripoli, 1 seat)Greek Orthodox (Tripoli, 1 seat)Alawite (Tripoli, 1 seat)Sunni (Dennieh, 2 seats)Sunni (Minnieh, 1 seat)
"Future for the North"BlueMohammad Kabbara
(Future) [90]
Samir Jisr
(Future) [90]
Dima Jamali
(Future) [90]
Chadi Nachabe
(Future) [90]
Walid Sawalhi
(Future) [90]
George Bkassini
(Future) [90]
Nima Mahfoud
(Future) [90]
Leila Chahoud
(Future) [90]
Sami Fatfat
(Future) [90]
Qassem Abdel Aziz
(Future) [90]
Osman Alameddine
(Future) [90]
"National Dignity"Green Faisal Karami
(Dignity Movement) [161]
Taha Naji
(Al-Ahbash) [34]
Mohammed Safouh Yakan
(National Gathering) [162]
Abdel Nasser Masri
(Lebanese People's Congress) [162]
Ayman Nouruddin OmarRafli Anton Diab
(Marada) [34]
Ahmed Mahmoud OmranJihad SamadAdel Zreika
(Dignity Movement) [162]
"Sovereign Lebanon"Red Ashraf Rifi Khaled TadmoriMohammed Walid QamaruddinMohamed SalhabAli AyoubiHalim ZaniGeorge JaladBadr EidRagheb RaadOussama AmounWaleed Masri
"Determination"Purple Najib Mikati
(Azm Movement) [163]
Rashid Mokhtam
(Azm Movement) [163]
Mohamed Nadim Jisr
(Azm Movement) [163]
Tawfiq Sultan
(Azm Movement) [163]
Mirfat Hawz
(Azm Movement) [163]
Jean Obeid
(Azm Movement) [163]
Nicholas Nahas
(Azm Movement) [163]
Alawi Darwish
(Azm Movement) [163]
Mohammed Fadhil
(Azm Movement) [163]
Jihad Yusuf
(Azm Movement) [163]
Kazim Kheir
(Azm Movement) [163]
"Independent Decision"GreyMesbah AhdabWaseem Alwan
(al-Jama'a al-Islamiah) [164]
Nariman JamalTony KhalifaMenzeh SawanHisham Ibrahim (Al Moaie)Ali Farouk SamadAbdul Salam TradMohamed Ahmed
"People's Decision"OrangeKhalid RoumiehTony Maroni
(FPM) [77]
Nastas KosharyMahmoud ShehadehAhmed ShandabAli HermoushKamal Kheir
"Independent Civil Society"YellowHeba NajaJamal BadawiFadi JamalHassan Hassan KhalilSamah ArjaAyman JamalAbdullah Rifai
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurqouiseNariman ChamaaYehia MawloudMohammad Monzer Maaliki
(Lebanon Vanguard) [165]
Wathek MoukaddamMalek MoulawiMoussa KhouryFarah IssaZeinelddine DibAhmad DouhaibyDany Othman
Source: Al-Modon [34] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [166]

North III (Bcharre-Zghorta-Batroun-Koura)

The North III electoral district, divided into 4 minor districts, each corresponding to a homonymous district: Batroun (purple), Bcharre (green), Koura (brown) and Zgharta (red). North III electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The North III electoral district, divided into 4 minor districts, each corresponding to a homonymous district: Batroun (purple), Bcharre (green), Koura (brown) and Zgharta (red).

In third northern electoral district 4 lists were registered. [11] The "Strong North" list, headed by Gebran Bassil, gathers the Free Patriotic Movement, the Independence Movement, the Future Movement, the "Strong Republic Pulse" gathers the Lebanese Forces, the Kataeb Party and the Democratic Left Movement, the "With Us for the North and Lebanon", gathering the Marada Movement, the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Boutros Harb whilst the civil society list "Kulluna Watani" (We are all National) gathers the Movement of Citizens in the State, Sabaa Party and Sah. [27] [167]

The electorate is predominately Christian; 68.1% are Maronite, 20.7% Greek Orthodox, 8.94% Sunni, 0.93% Shia, 0.73% Greek Catholic, 0.38% from other Christian communities and 0.24% Alawite. [168]

ListMaronite (Batroun, 2 seats)Maronite (Bcharre, 2 seats)Maronite (Zgharta, 3 seats)Greek Orthodox (Koura, 3 seats)
"Strong North"Brown '''Gebran Bassil'''
(FPM) [77]
Nemeh Ibrahim
(FPM) [77]
Said Touq
(FPM) [169]
George Boutros
(FPM) [169]
'''Michel Moawad'''
(Independence Movement) [170]
Pierre Raffoul
(FPM) [77]
Jawad Boulos
(Independence Movement) [171]
Nicolas Ghosn
(Future) [172]
Georges Atallah
(FPM) [77]
Greta Saab
(FPM) [169]
"Strong Republic Pulse"RedFadi Saad
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Samer Saada
(Kataeb) [173]
Strida Geagea
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Joseph Isaac
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Marius Baini
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Michel Douaihy
(Kataeb) [78]
Kayssar Moawad Fadi Karam
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Albert Androus
(Kataeb) [78]
George Mansour
(Democratic Left) [174]
"With Us for the North and Lebanon"Green Boutros Harb Rui Issa KhouryMelhem Gibran ToukTony Franjieh
(Marada) [175]
Estephan Douaihy
(Marada) [176]
Salim Bey Karam
(Marada) [177]
'''Selim Saadeh'''
(SSNP) [178]
'''Fayez Ghosn'''
(Marada) [179]
Abdallah Zakhem
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseLayal Bou Moussa
(Citizens in the State) [169]
Antoine Khoury HarbEdmond Touk
(Saaba) [169]
Maurice Koura
(Saaba) [169]
Riad GhazalaAntonia GhamraAntoine Yamin
(Saaba) [169]
Bassam Ghantous
(Saaba) [169]
Fadwa Nassif
(Saaba) [169]
Source: ACE Project, [7] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [167]

South I (Saida-Jezzine)

The South I electoral district, divided into two minor districts: Saida (red, corresponding to the Saida municipality) and Jezzine (brown, corresponding to Jezzine district) South I electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The South I electoral district, divided into two minor districts: Saida (red, corresponding to the Saida municipality) and Jezzine (brown, corresponding to Jezzine district)

In the Saida-Jezzine electoral district, four candidate lists crystallized: "Integration and Dignity" (Future Movement and independents), "Saida and Jezzine Together" (alliance between al-Jamaa al-Islamiah, Free Patriotic Movement and Dr. Abdul Rahman Bizri), "For All People" (alliance between Popular Nasserite Organization and Ibrahim Azar, supported by Amal Movement and Hezbollah) and the "Capacity of Change" List (alliance between Kataeb Party, Lebanese Forces and the March 11 Group). [11] [32] [33]

The Future Movement and the Free Patriotic Movement had tried to negotiate an electoral pact, but reportedly FPM had insisted on keeping Bizri on their list. After the dialogue with Future broke down, FPM reached out to al-Jamaa al-Islamiah, since the Popular Nasserite Organization had already concluded a pact with Ibrahim Azar (an independent Maronite supported by Amal-Hezbollah alliance). [180]

44.2% of the electorate is Sunni, 30.8% Maronite, 15.1% Shia, 8.69% Greek Catholic, 0.67% from other Christian communities and 0.48% Druze. [181]

ListSunni (Saida, 2 seats)Maronite (Jezzine, 2 seats)Greek Catholic (Jezzine, 1 seat)
"Integration and Dignity"Blue Bahia Hariri
(Future) [90]
Hassan Chamseddine
(Future) [90]
Amin Edmon RizkAngel KhawandRobert Khoury
"Saida and Jezzine Together"PurpleAbdul Rahman BizriBassam Hammoud
(Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya) [182]
Amal Abou Zeid
(FPM) [77]
Ziad Aswad
(FPM) [77]
Salim Khoury
(FPM) [77]
"For All People"RedOsama Saad
(PNO) [183]
Abdel Kader BsatIbrahim Samir AzarYusuf Hanna Skaf
"Capacity of Change"Navy BlueSamir Bizri
(March 11) [184]
Joseph Nahra
(Kataeb) [78]
Ajaj Haddad
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
Source: Saida City, [32] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [185]

South II (Zahrany-Tyre)

The South II electoral district, divided into 2 minor districts: Zahrani or Saida Villages (red, corresponding to areas of Saida District outside of Saida municipality) and Tyre (brown, corresponding to Tyre district) South II electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The South II electoral district, divided into 2 minor districts: Zahrani or Saida Villages (red, corresponding to areas of Saida District outside of Saida municipality) and Tyre (brown, corresponding to Tyre district)

In second southern electoral district 2 lists were registered. [11] The "Hope and Loyalty" (Amal-Hezbollah) list led by Nabih Berri is challenged by the "Together for Change" list (an alliance of Riad Al-Assaad, the Lebanese Communist Party and independents). [19] [186] [187]

The electorate is predominately Shia (81.4%). 6.81% of the electorare is Greek Catholic, 6.1% Sunni, 4.55% Maronite and 1.14% belong to other Christian communities. [188]

ListShia (Tyre, 4 seats)Shia (Zahrany, 2 seats)Greek Catholic (Zahrany, 1 seat)
"Hope and Loyalty"Green-Yellow Ali Khreis
(Amal) [94]
Hussein Jeshi
(Hezbollah) [41]
Inayat Ezzeddine
(Amal) [94]
Nawwaf Moussawi
(Hezbollah) [93]
Nabih Berri
(Amal) [94]
Ali Osseiran
(Amal) [94]
Michel Moussa
(Amal) [94]
"Together for Change"RedAhmed MarwaLina HusseiniAbdel Nasser FarranRa'id Ataya
(LCP) [19]
Riad AssaadWisam Haj
Source: Al-Modon, [19] Lebanon42, [187] Al-Modon, [20] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [189]

South III (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya-Nabatieh-Bint Jbeil)

The South III electoral district, covering the Nabatieh Governorate, divided into 3 minor districts: Nabatieh (red, corresponding to Nabatieh district), Marjayoun-Hasbaya (brown, covering the Hasbaya and Marjayoun districts) and Bint Jbeil (green, corresponding to Bint Jbeil district South III electoral district (2017 Election Law).png
The South III electoral district, covering the Nabatieh Governorate, divided into 3 minor districts: Nabatieh (red, corresponding to Nabatieh district), Marjayoun-Hasbaya (brown, covering the Hasbaya and Marjayoun districts) and Bint Jbeil (green, corresponding to Bint Jbeil district

In third southern electoral district 6 lists were registered. [11] The electorate is predominately Shia (80.1%). 6.35% of the electorate is Sunni, 5.27% Maronite, 3.65% Druze, 2.45% Greek Orthodox, 1.8% Greek Catholic and 0.39% from other Christian communities. [190]

The Amal-Hezbollah coalition fielded the "Hope and Loyalty" list. [20] It includes a Baathist Sunni candidate, Kassem Hachem, who is fielded as Amal candidate and officially not sponsored by the Baath Party. [48] [36]

The Future Movement, the Free Patriotic Movement and the Lebanese Democratic Party fielded a joint list called "The South is Worth It", a list that L'Orient Le Jour labelled "supplementary" to the Amal-Hezbollah list. [20] [36] It includes a pro-Future independent Sunni candidate, Imad Khatib, who has business links to Amal leader Berri. [36] Three Shia candidates (Badruddin, Sharafuddin and Osseiran) were previously close to Hezbollah. [36] Two pro-FPM independent candidates were included in the list, Chadi Massaad (Greek Orthodox) and Mourhaf Ramadan (Shia). [36] Druze candidate Dr. Wissam Charouf is a member of the Political Council of the Lebanese Democratic Party. [191]

"A Vote for Change" list was fielded by the Lebanese Communist Party, the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon and independents. [20] [192] It includes a pro-SSNP independent candidate, Hussein Baydoun. [36] The "National" coalition fielded a list with five candidates. [36]

The two remaining of the lists in the fray took a more confrontative approach towards the Hezbollah-Amal dominance of the local political scene. [36] The "Shibna Hakki" list was fielded by the Lebanese Forces and Shia dissidents, with the Shia journalist Ali Al-Amin on the list. Al-Amin had been publicly labelled as one of the "Shia of the [U.S.] Embassy" by Hezbollah general secretary Nasrallah. [20] [36] Al-Amin and fellow candidate and journalist Imad Komeyha, had been signaturies to the 2017 call for fresh elections to the High Shia Council. [193] Ahmed Assaad, leader of the Lebanese Option Party, fielded an anti-Hezbollah list of his own with candidates from his party. [36] The list included Al-Assaad's wife Abeer Ramadan. [36]

ListShia (Bint Jbeil, 3 seats)Shia (Nabatieh, 3 seats)Shia (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya, 2 seats)Sunni (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya, 1 seat)Druze (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya, 1 seat)Greek Orthodox (Marjaayoun-Hasbaya, 1 seat)
"Hope and Loyalty"Green-Yellow Ali Ahmad Bazzi
(Amal) [94]
Ayoub Hmayed
(Amal) [94]
Hassan Fadlallah
(Hezbollah) [93]
Yassine Jaber
(Amal) [16]
Mohammad Raad
(Hezbollah) [93]
Hani Kobeissy
(Amal) [94]
Ali Hassan Khalil
(Amal) [94]
Ali Fayyad
(Hezbollah) [93]
Kassem Hachem
(Amal) [94]
Anwar Khalil
(Amal) [94]
Assaad Hardan
(SSNP) [194]
"The South is Worth It"PinkMohammed QadouhHussein Shaer Hisham Jaber Mustafa BadruddinNadim OsseiranAbbas SharafuddinMourhaf RamadanImad KhatibWissam Charouf
(LDP) [136]
Chadi Massaad
"Shibna Hakki"RedAli Al-AminAhmed Ismail Rami Ollaik Imad KomeyhaFadi Salama
(Lebanese Forces) [55]
"A Vote for Change"YellowAhmed Murad
(LCP) [195]
Abbas SorourHussein BaydounAli Al-Haj Ali
(LCP) [196]
Said IssaGhassan Hadifa
(LCP) [197]
Hala Abu Kasm
(LCP) [198]
"We Change"Navy BlueMohammed Faraj
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Abdallah Salman
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Ahmed Assaad
(Lebanese Option) [199]
Abeer Ramadhan
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Rabah Abi Haidar
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Adnan Khatib
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Kanaj Alimuddin
(Lebanese Option) [36]
Minah Saab
(Lebanese Option) [36]
"Kulluna Watani" (We are all National)TurquoiseRima Hamid
(Saaba) [36]
Salah NouruddinJamil Balout
(Saaba) [36]
Akram QaisFadi Abu Jamra
Source: Al-Modon, [20] Jaboubia, [200] Jaboubia [201] Ministry of Interior and Municipalities [202]

Results

In a statement issued in the evening of 7 May, Interior Minister Nohad Machnouk promised to release full election result within 36–48 hours. [203] In his statement, he announced "final, yet incomplete" official results, providing the names of elected parliamentarians from 14 out of 15 electoral districts. [204] [205] [206] On May 8, Machnouk announced the names of the victorious candidates from Akkar. [207]

Following the announcement of results, the FPM leader Gebran Bassil stated that FPM would form the largest bloc in parliament (a role previously played by the Future Movement). Bassil stated that FPM would gather up to 30 MPs, including Talal Arslan, Tashnaqs and "businessmen". [208]

Results by alliance and parties

Disclaimer: This listing uses a narrow definition of party votes, the preference votes cast for identified party candidates. For an overview of the voting percentages of the lists supported by different parties, see "Results by lists" table below.
PartyCandidatesVotes%Seats+/–
Amal-Hezbollah and allies43
     Hezbollah 13289,17415.8712Steady2.svg0
    Pro-Hezbollah Independents [lower-roman 1] 340,2162.203Increase2.svg2
     Amal 13182,0279.9813Increase2.svg2
    Pro-Amal Independents [lower-roman 2] 428,1841.544Increase2.svg1
     Syrian Social Nationalist Party 723,4351.293Increase2.svg1
     Marada Movement 626,5321.463Steady2.svg0
     Dignity Movement 219,0231.042Increase2.svg2
     Al-Ahbash 318,7591.031Increase2.svg1
     Union Party 115,1110.831Increase2.svg1
     Popular Nasserist Organization 19,8800.541Increase2.svg1
     Solidarity Party 13,8610.210Decrease2.svg1
     Lebanese Arab Struggle Movement 12,0410.110Steady2.svg0
     Islamic Action Front 13290.020Decrease2.svg1
    Akkari People's Gathering16650.040Steady2.svg0
Free Patriotic Movement and allies29
     Free Patriotic Movement 30143,1147.8518Increase2.svg8
    Pro-FPM independents [lower-roman 3] 2995,5625.246Decrease2.svg3
     Armenian Revolutionary Federation 517,5770.963Increase2.svg1
     Lebanese Democratic Party 513,2570.731Decrease2.svg1
     Independence Movement 28,6620.481Increase2.svg1
Future Movement and allies20
     Future Movement 26179,0019.8213Decrease2.svg11
    Pro-Future independent [lower-roman 4] 1881,4044.477Decrease2.svg2
Lebanese Forces and allies15
     Lebanese Forces 17128,7087.0612Increase2.svg7
    Pro-LF independents [lower-roman 5] 829,5361.623
Others:
Progressive Socialist Party 1083,0234.569Decrease2.svg2
Azm Movement 1142,0192.314Increase2.svg2
Kataeb Party 1332,0111.763Decrease2.svg2
Khazen Bloc 29,3370.512New
Murr Bloc 111,9450.661Steady2.svg0
National Dialogue Party 111,3460.621New
Saaba Party116,6140.361New
Al-Jama'a Al-Islamiyya 414,4190.790Decrease2.svg1
Rifi Bloc 2614,3230.790New
Popular Bloc 710,5630.580Steady2.svg0
Lebanese Communist Party 88,6040.470Steady2.svg0
Arab Unification Party 27,4930.410Steady2.svg0
National Liberal Party 74,2080.230Decrease2.svg1
LiBaladi63,8700.210New
Union for Lebanon13,7620.210Steady2.svg0
Hunchak 11,5660.090Decrease2.svg2
March 1111,1980.070New
Toilers League 17940.040Steady2.svg0
Al-Waqie Movement16990.040Steady2.svg0
People's Movement 26710.040Steady2.svg0
Ramgavar 36160.030Decrease2.svg1
Syrian Social Nationalist Party (Intifada) 25360.030Steady2.svg0
Green Party of Lebanon 25100.030New
Lebanese Option Party 84460.020Steady2.svg0
Resistance Movement13470.020New
You Stink 13280.020New
Democratic Left Movement 13050.020Decrease2.svg1
Others, Independents, No preference votes295264,75414.53
Blank votes15,0290.82
Total5971,822,294100128
Source: [209] [210]
  1. Includes votes of elected candidates only: Jamil Al Sayyed, Eddie Damrajian and Elwalid Succariyeh
  2. Includes votes of elected candidates only: Michel Moussa, Ibrahim Azar, Kassem Hachem and Anwar El Khalil
  3. Pro-FPM independents include Elie Ferzli, Chamel Roukoz, Michel Daher, Neemat Frem, Mustapha Hussein and Farid Bustani
  4. Comparison with 2009 March 14 independents. Pro-Future independents includes Tamam Salam, Nazih Najem, Mohammad Kabbara, Walid Baarini, Mohammad Sleiman, Mohammad Keraawi and Henri Chadid
  5. Pro-LF independents include Ziad Hawwat, Jean Talouzian and Cesar Maalouf

Result by lists

Result by candidate

Reactions

Domestic

Prime Minister Saad Hariri, commenting on the election result the day after the election, admitted that his Future Movement had lost 12 seats, [211] [212] but reaffirmed that "[t]hose who won in parliamentary elections are our partners in the principle of stability" and that he was satisfied with the outcome. [213] Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah said the outcome was "a great moral and political victory for Hezbollah, which protects the country" and that "proportionality vote law offered all political factions the opportunity to represent themselves in the elections, mitigated the risks of exclusion from Lebanon’s political structure, and assured all sides that they will have a role in the administration." He further added: "The United States and some Persian Gulf states resorted to smear campaign in a bid to poison public opinion towards Hezbollah. Their efforts, however, ended in failure...No one in the world can target Hezbollah as it has firm support among various strata of the Lebanese society. Towns and cities in southern Lebanon have served as the resistance front in the face of threats being poised by the Israeli regime and terrorist groups. Enemies’ plots to undermine Hezbollah popularity in those regions have yielded nothing...We must avoid any sectarian or inflammatory speech similar to those delivered before the elections if we want to avoid any conflict in the country." [214]

International

See also

Related Research Articles

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  109. . Annahar
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  112. 1 2 وائل ابو فاعور. Annahar
  113. 1 2 "تعادل" في دائرة البقاع الغربي-راشيا و"الماروني" عقدة اللائحتين. Elnashera
  114. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة البقاع الثانية كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  115. 1 2 دائرة البقاع الثالثة. Annahar
  116. 1 2 3 4 التيار الحر والقوات: من يسبق من إلى التحالف مع الحريري؟. Al-Akhbar
  117. 1 2 3 4 التيار خارج لائحة الحزب في بعلبك الهرمل.. "ليبانون ديبايت" ينشر الاسماء. Lebanon Debate
  118. 1 2 ألبير منصور - مرشح باسم الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي في دائرة بعلبك الهرمل. Al Mayadeen
  119. 1 2 المعارضون الشيعيون في بعلبك ـ الهرمل: لن يحصلوا حاصلهم الانتخابي. Ad-Diyar
  120. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة البقاع الثالثة كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  121. 1 2 اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة جبل لبنان الأولى كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
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  123. دائرة جبل لبنان الاولى. Annahar
  124. 1 2 حسين محمد زعيتر. Annahar
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  128. 1 2 اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة جبل لبنان الثانية كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  129. 1 2 غسان الاشقر .Annahar
  130. 1 2 بالاسماء: مرشحي حزب الطاشناق في بيروت والمتن. Lebanon Debate
  131. 1 2 L'Orient Le Jour. Baabda : Geagea reçoit les membres de sa liste commune avec le PSP ; les Kataëb et le PNL annoncent la leur
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  134. دائرة جبل لبنان الثالثة. Annahar
  135. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L'Orient Le Jour. Baabda : le vote musulman, élément décisif dans une bataille interchrétienne
  136. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 الديمقراطي يعلن أسماء مرشحيه للإنتخابات النيابية. Lebanese Democratic Party
  137. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة جبل لبنان الثالثة كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  138. 1 2 3 5 لوائح في الشوف- عاليه: لعبة رفع الحاصل الانتخابي. Al-Modon.
  139. 1 2 3 اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة جبل لبنان الرابعة كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  140. أنطوان حداد قرر العزوف عن الترشّح لانتخابات عاليه - الشوف. أخبار التجدد
  141. 1 2 بو ملهم جال في عاليه والشوف: 6 ايار سيكون يوما مفصليا. Ahrar News
  142. 1 2 3 4 حزب التوحيد العربي يعلن عن مرشحيه في مختلف المناطق. El-Nashera
  143. 1 2 National News Agency. كميل شمعون جال في مناطق الشوف: مبالغ طائلة تصرف على الدعايات الانتخابية
  144. 1 2 hashtagleb.com. سليلة حزب الوطنيين الاحرار في الشوف دعد القزي.. على نهج الرئيس كميل شمعون
  145. 1 2 المهندس أنطوان حبيب فواز المرشح عن قضاء الشوف - دائرة جبل لبنان الرابعة (عاليه الشوف). Lebanese Communist Party
  146. رفعت عيد: لن ننتخب الا من يجاهر بانتمائه الحر. Elnashera
  147. دائرة الشمال الأولى. Annahar
  148. 1 2 وجيه البعريني. Annahar
  149. 1 2 اميل عبود. Annahar
  150. 1 2 كريم الراسي. Annahar
  151. 1 2 "إنتخابات ٢٠١٨ - النهار". Annahar.
  152. 1 2 3 محمد عبدالفتاح شديد. Annahar
  153. 1 2 الحركة الشعبية اللبنانية: الإستمرار في ترشيح مصطفى حسين في عكار. El Nashera.
  154. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة الشمال الأولى كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  155. دائرة الشمال الثانية. Annahar
  156. 1 2 3 L'Orient Le Jour. Législatives : Une liste complète pour chaque leader tripolitain
  157. طرابلس: ماذا يجري بين قوى التغيير؟. Al-Modon
  158. L'Orient Le Jour. Sami Fatfat, l’expérience précoce du terrain
  159. L'Orient Le Jour. Liban-Nord II : Mikati annonce sa liste…
  160. Daily Star. Mikati launches election list with five-point plan
  161. 1 2 رئيس تيار الكرامة فيصل كرامي يشدد على ضرورة إيلاء الشمال أهمية إنمائية. NBN
  162. 1 2 3 4 5 6 كرامي اعلن لائحة الكرامة الوطنية في مهرجان حاشد بطرابلس: لا تنتخبوا الفشل المتمادي من 25 سنة ولا تجربوا المجرب. NBN
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  165. 1 2 كلمة "لائحة وطني" في دائرة الشمال الثانية (طرابلس الضنية المنية) التي ألقاها الدكتور منذر معاليقي في حفل اطلاق اللائحة من مقهى فهيم. Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party
  166. المسجلَّة في دائرة الشمال الثانية كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  167. 1 2 اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة الشمال الثالثة كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
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  170. 1 2 تريُّث في بت التدبير رقم 3 والإدعاء على الحاج وغبش .. والبعريني مرشّح الحريري في عكار. Al-Liwaa
  171. 1 2 جواد بولس: ترشيحي على أساس استراتيجيتين دفاعية وإصلاحية. IMLebanon
  172. 1 2 L'Orient Le Jour. Législatives : le Futur annonce son soutien à Nicolas Ghosn dans le Koura
  173. 1 2 سامر سعادة. Annahar
  174. 1 2 L'Orient Le Jour. Liban-Nord III : FL, Kataëb et Gauche démocratique annoncent leur liste commune
  175. 1 2 طوني فرنجية. Annahar
  176. 1 2 اسطفان الدويهي. Annahar
  177. 1 2 سليم بك كرم. Annahar
  178. 1 2 سليم سعادة. Annahar
  179. 1 2 فايز غصن - مرشح تيار المردة عن دائرة الشمال الثالثة. Al Mayadeen
  180. L'Orient Le Jour. Saïda-Jezzine : le triangle infernal
  181. دائرة لبنان الجنوبي الاولى. Annahar
  182. بسام حمود. Annahar
  183. 1 2 "إنتخابات ٢٠١٨ - النهار". Annahar.
  184. 1 2 لوائح في صيدا-جزين: ماذا يفعل حزب الله..ومن هي الضحية؟. Al-Modon
  185. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة الجنوب الأولى كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  186. دائرة الجنوب الثانية: المقاعد الشيعية مُحصّنة ومقعد ميشال موسى في "خطر"! El Nashra
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  188. دائرة لبنان الجنوبي الثانية. Annahar
  189. اللوائح المسجلَّة في دائرة الجنوب الثانية كما نشرتها المديرية العامة للشؤون السياسية واللاجئين. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  190. دائرة لبنان الجنوبي الثالثة. Annahar
  191. Lebanese Army. Les visiteurs du Général Aoun
  192. الشيوعيون أعلنوا برنامج لائحتهم في مواجهة لوائح السلطة في دائرة الجنوب الثالثة. Lebanese Communist Party
  193. L'Orient Le Jour. Ibrahim Chamseddine : Le CSC est indépendant et représente tous les chiites
  194. 1 2 اسعد حردان. Annahar
  195. 1 2 أحمد مراد. Annahar
  196. 1 2 علي حسين حاج علي. Annahar
  197. 1 2 غسان حديفه. Annahar
  198. 1 2 هلا فيليب بو كسم. Annahar
  199. أولى لوائح الجنوب: «فينا نغير». Janoubia
  200. «شبعنا حكي» لائحة غير مكتملة من 6 مرشحين Jaboubia
  201. Shibna Hakki. المرشح عن المقعد الشيعي في مرجعيون الصحافي عماد قميحة Janoubia
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  203. L'Orient Le Jour. Machnouk promet les résultats complets des législatives « dans les 36 à 48 heures »
  204. Naharnet. Mashnouq Announces 'Final Yet Incomplete' Election Results
  205. النتائج الرسمية (باستثناء عكار). Al-Akhbar
  206. بالأسماء... نتائج الانتخابات النيابية الرسمية والنهائية في 14 دائرة. Annahar
  207. بالأسماء.. المشنوق يعلن نتائج عكار الانتخابية. Al-Mustaqbal
  208. Naharnet. Bassil Says FPM to Have Biggest Bloc in Parliament
  209. 1 2 3 نتائج الإنتخابات النيابية العامة 2018. Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
  210. "PressTV-Hezbollah, allies make major gains in Lebanon elections".
  211. "PressTV-Lebanon's PM Hariri acknowledges election loss".
  212. Naharnet. Hariri Says Mustaqbal Defeated 'Elimination' Bid, Hits Back at Israeli Minister
  213. "PressTV-'Election results, great victory for resistance'".
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  215. Hezbollah, allies make major gains in Lebanon elections Press TV, 7 May 2018
  216. Naharnet. Shamsi, Bukhari Congratulate Geagea on 'Win' in Elections