Leptobrachium montanum

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Leptobrachium montanum
Montane Litter Frog (Leptobrachium montanum)1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Megophryidae
Genus: Leptobrachium
Subgenus: Leptobrachium
Species:
L. montanum
Binomial name
Leptobrachium montanum
Fischer, 1885

Leptobrachium montanum is a species of frog from the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is, as currently defined, found in Kalimantan (Indonesia), Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), and Labi, Belait (Brunei). [2] However, the nominal Leptobrachium montanum is a composed of more than one lineage. [2] [3] Available information mostly refers to this composite rather than the "true" Leptobrachium montanum. Common names montane large-eyed litter frog, [4] mountain spadefoot toad, and mountain litter frog have been coined for it. [2]

Contents

Description

The holotype of Leptobrachium montanum is an adult female measuring 63 mm (2.5 in) in snout–vent length (SVL). Two adult males and four females representing "Leptobrachium montanum lineage 1" measure 56–57 mm (2.2–2.2 in) and females 49–72 mm (1.9–2.8 in) SVL, respectively. [5] This lineage from southeastern Kalimantan is believed to represent the "true" Leptobrachium montanum. [3] The dorsum is brown above, mimicking dead leaves. The head is broad. The eyes are big. [4]

male advertisement call is a loud "quak". [4]

The tadpoles are large and possess a strong tail with well-developed tail fin. They reach a total length of 70 mm (2.8 in) or even more. [4]

Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are submontane and montane forests at elevations of 900–1,800 m (3,000–5,900 ft) above sea level. [1] [4] While adults and juveniles can roam widely through forests, [1] breeding takes place in small to medium-sized mountain streams with rocky stream bed. [4] The tadpoles prefer quiet stream sections. [4]

Leptobrachium montanum is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. It occurs in many protected areas. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Leptobrachella</i> Genus of amphibians

Leptobrachella is a genus of frogs in the family Megophryidae. Members of Leptobrachella are found throughout Asia including on Borneo and the Natuna Islands. They are sometimes referred to as Borneo frogs, slender-armed frogs, or dwarf litter frogs. The genus contains over 82 species with 25 found in China alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern spadefoot toad</span> Genus of amphibians

Eastern spadefoot toads comprise a genus of the family Megophryidae in the order Anura, and are found in southern China, northeast India, southeast Asia, and islands of the Sunda Shelf as well as the Philippines. They are characterized by a stocky body with slender, short hindlimbs. In identifying species, iris colour is a valuable diagnostic morphological characteristic ; the iris has uniform colour in some species, whereas in other species the upper half is coloured and the lower half is dark.

<i>Leptobrachium hasseltii</i> Species of amphibian

Leptobrachium hasseltii is a species of toad found in Southeast Asia. This frog named after Dutch Naturalist Johan Conrad van Hasselt. According to the current understanding, this species is known with certainty only from Java, Madura, Bali, and Kangean Islands, Indonesia. The species is also commonly reported to occur in the Philippines, but these are believed to refer to another, unnamed species.

<i>Leptobrachium smithi</i> Species of amphibian

Leptobrachium smithi is a species of frog found in Southeast Asia. Its specific name honours Malcolm Arthur Smith, one of the early herpetologists to study the amphibians of Thailand.

Ansonia platysoma, also known as the flat-bodied slender toad and Luidan stream toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the island of Borneo and known from Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, and from Brunei. Its closest relative is Ansonia kelabitensis.

<i>Ansonia spinulifer</i> Species of amphibian

Ansonia spinulifer, also known as spiny slender toad or Kina Balu stream toad, is a species of true toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Sarawak and Sabah, northern Borneo (Malaysia), and presumably also in Kalimantan on the Indonesian part of the island.

Leptobrachella mjobergi is a species of frogs in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is found in Kalimantan (Indonesia), Brunei, and Sarawak (Malaysia).

Megophrys parallela is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Sumatra and known from a number of localities on mountains along the island's western coast where it is expected to have a wide distribution.

Meristogenys amoropalamus is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to northern Borneo and occurs in northwestern Sabah and northeastern Sarawak (Malaysia) and in northeastern Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names mountain Borneo frog and mountain torrent frog have been coined for it. Studies of its larvae revealed that the nominal species contained two cryptic forms, and in 2011, Shimada and colleagues described Meristogenys dyscritus as a separate species.

<i>Meristogenys jerboa</i> Species of frog

Meristogenys jerboa is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to western Sarawak in Borneo. Common names western torrent frog, Matang torrent frog, and Gunther's Borneo frog have been coined for it. Many cryptic species have been separated from this species. Based on mitochondrial DNA, current "true" Meristogenys jerboa still includes two major lineages. However, because the lineages occur in sympatry and do not differ in morphology, Shimada and colleagues elected to treat them as intraspecific variants.

Leptobrachella baluensis is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to montane northern Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and northern Kalimantan (Indonesia). It has been in synonymy with Leptobrachella mjobergi, but is now treated as a valid species.

Leptobrachium masatakasatoi is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is known from its type locality, Phu Pan in Houaphanh Province in northeastern Laos, and from Sơn La Province in northwestern Vietnam. The specific name masatakasatoi honors professor Masataka Sato, Japanese entomologist who collected the holotype. Common name Masatakasato’s eyebrow toad has been proposed for this frog.

Leptobrachium promustache is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known from Hekou and Pingbian counties in southern Yunnan, China, and from Lào Cai Province in adjacent northwestern Vietnam. Common name primary moustache toad has been proposed for it.

Leptobrachium waysepuntiense is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to southwestern Sumatra, Indonesia. Its type locality is Kubu Perahu village, Liwa District, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Sumatra. It has blue eyes, and accordingly, common name blue-eyed litter frog has been proposed for it.

Brachytarsophrys orientalis, the Oriental short-legged toad, is a species of litter frog in the family Megophryidae. It is native to Jiangxi and Fujian in southeastern China. It is the easternmost species within the genus Brachytarsophrys, hence the specific name orientalis.

Meristogenys maryatiae, also known as Maryati's torrent frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to the state of Sabah, in the Malaysian part of Borneo. The specific name honours Prof. Datin Mohamed Maryati, entomologist from the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, who helped the describers of this species during their herpetological surveys in Sabah.

Kurixalus absconditus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to West Kalimantan, in the Indonesian part of Borneo, and is only known from its type locality near the village of Piasak; it is likely to occur more widely. The specific name absconditus is Latin for "disguised", "concealed", or "hidden", and refers to this species remaining "undetected" within the Kurixalus appendiculatus group. Common name Piasak-frilled swamp treefrog, also spelled Piasak frilled swamp tree frog, has been coined for it.

Leptobrachella bondangensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Central Kalimantan, in the Indonesian part of Borneo, and is only known from its eponymous type locality, Mount Bondang in the Murung Raya Regency. Common name Bondang dwarf litter frog has been coined for this species.

Rana ulma is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Okinawa Islands, in the central Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It is currently only known from northern Okinawa Island and from Kume Island. Common names Okinawa frog and Ryukyu brown frog have been used for this species; the latter can refer to this species or to Rana kobai. The specific name ulma means "coral island" in Uruma dialect of Okinawa.

Leptobrachella fusca is a species of toad native to Indonesia in Borneo. A male specimen measured around 16.3 mm (0.64 in) long. It's deep-brown in color with basic toe webbings.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Leptobrachium montanum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T57556A114918367. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T57556A114918367.en . Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Leptobrachium montanum Fischer, 1885". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  3. 1 2 Hamidy, Amir; Matsui, Masafumi; Shimada, Tomohiko; Nishikawa, Kanto; Yambun, Paul; Sudin, Ahmad; Kusrini, Mirza D.; Kurniati, Hellen (December 2011). "Morphological and genetic discordance in two species of Bornean Leptobrachium (Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (3): 904–913. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.020. PMID   21924369.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Haas, A.; Das, I.; Hertwig, S.T. (2017). "Leptobrachium montanum Montane Large-eyed Litter Frog". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  5. ↑ Hamidy, Amir; Matsui, Masafumi (February 2014). "A new species of Leptobrachium from the Kelabut highland, northwestern Borneo (Anura, Megophryidae)". Current Herpetology. 33 (1): 57–67. doi:10.5358/hsj.33.57. S2CID   83573846.
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