The Pacific sleeper shark is a sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae, found in the North Pacific on continental shelves and slopes in Arctic and temperate waters between latitudes 70°N and 22°N, from the surface to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) deep. Records from southern oceans are likely misidentifications of relatives. Its length is up to 4.4 m (14 ft), although it could possibly reach lengths in excess of 7 m (23 ft).
Squalicorax, commonly known as the crow shark, is a genus of extinct lamniform shark known to have lived during the Cretaceous period.
The Greenland shark, also known as the gurry shark, grey shark, or by the Kalaallisut name eqalussuaq, is a large shark of the family Somniosidae, closely related to the Pacific and southern sleeper sharks. The distribution of this species is mostly restricted to the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
Scapanorhynchus is an extinct genus of shark that lived from the early Cretaceous until possibly the Miocene if S. subulatus is a mitsukurinid and not a sand shark. Their extreme similarities to the living goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, lead some experts to consider reclassifying it as Scapanorhynchus owstoni. However, most shark specialists regard the goblin shark to be distinct enough from its prehistoric relatives to merit placement in its own genus.
Carcharias is a genus of sand tiger sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae.
Otodus chubutensis, meaning "ear-shaped tooth of Chubut", from Ancient Greek ὠτ and ὀδούς – thus, "ear-shaped tooth", is an extinct species of prehistoric megatoothed sharks in the genus Otodus, that lived during Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs, approximately 28 – 5 million years ago. This shark is considered to be a close relative of the famous prehistoric megatoothed shark, O. megalodon. However, as is the case with O. megalodon, the classification of this species is disputed.
Plicatoscyllium is an extinct genus of orectolobiform shark known from deposits of Late Cretaceous age in France, Jordan, the Netherlands, Syria and the United States. Remains tentatively referrable to the genus from Cenozoic deposits have been discovered in Saudi Arabia.
Otodus aksuaticus is an extinct species of large shark in the family Otodontidae which was once thought to represent a transitional species between the genus Otodus and the genus Carcharocles, but the 2016 analysis shows that Carcharocles should be part of Otodus. They are similar in overall morphology to Otodus obliquus except they have serrations on their cusps and blade. It is sometimes placed in the genus Otodus. It is mainly found in the Ypresian stage of the Eocene epoch. They have been found in the Woodstock Member of the Nanjemoy Formation of Maryland and Virginia and Ypresian sediments in Aktulagay, Kazakhstan as well as the Ypres clay in Belgium and the London Clay in the United Kingdom.
Cretodus is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks belonging to the proposed family Pseudoscapanorhynchidae. It lived during the Late Cretaceous, approximately 100 to 89 million years ago. The genus is best known from formations formed in the Western Interior Seaway, but is also known from the late Cretaceous of Europe, Africa, and possibly Asia. It is mainly known from isolated teeth and vertebral centra, though a few associated dentitions and spines have been found.
Abdounia is an extinct genus of requiem shark which lived during the Paleogene period. It is mainly known from isolated teeth. It is one of the earliest requiem sharks, and attained widespread success in North America, Europe, and Africa.
Protolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel shark from the Cretaceous Period. The genus is known from Europe, Asia and North America.
Xiphodolamia is a rare extinct genus of mackerel shark which lived during the Eocene epoch. It is only known from isolated teeth, but has been found in Europe, Africa, and Asia. It is assumed to be pelagic, occurring more frequently in deeper water deposits, most notably the London Clay and Eocene deposits in Denmark. It is distinguished by its rectangular root and twisted blade, unique among Mackerel sharks. It is unclear what niche this specialized dentition helped exploit.
Abdounia minutissima is an extinct species of requiem shark from the Eocene Epoch. It is known from isolated teeth in England, Belgium and possibly the Chespeake Bay region of the eastern United States.
Abdounia recticona is an extinct species of requiem shark from the Eocene epoch. It is known from isolated teeth in Europe and North America.
Archaeolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel shark from the Cretaceous period. There are currently two named species, one of which has two named subspecies. Its isolated teeth have been found in Europe, North America, and Australia. A single associated dentition is known from the Pierre Shale of Kansas, USA. The grasping-type dentition and large size of these teeth suggest a diet of mainly large fish and possibly sea reptiles. There is some evidence of scavenging upon Plesiosaurs in the Judith River Formation.
Carcharoides is an extinct genus of mackerel shark which lived during the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. It is a widespread genus, known from specimens in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia. It is most common in the European portion of its range, being comparatively uncommon in other places. It is only known from isolated teeth, which are relatively delicate.
Isurolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel shark from the Paleogene period. It contains at least three species and a fourth is sometimes placed in it. It is thought to be closely related to Macrorhizodus, Isurus, and Cosmopolitodus. Isurolamna arose in the Paleocene epoch during the Selandian age, and was extinct by the close of the Rupelian age of the Oligocene epoch. Some features which define this genus include a small, elliptical foramen (hole) in the middle of the lingual side of the root, triangular cusps except on lower interior teeth, and a relatively thick root with nearly vertical margins. The genus has a complicated taxonomic past.
Ankistrorhynchus is an extinct genus of sawfish-like shark from the Cretaceous Period. It is known only isolated rostral teeth from two species. A. lonzeensis is named for its type locality of Lonzée, Belgium. It is from the lower Santonian stage. A. washakiensis was described from the Campanian-aged Mesaverde Formation of Wyoming, USA. The species A. major was named from Campanian/Santonian of New Jersey, USA off of fragmentary material, thus making its validity questionable.
Burnhamia is an extinct genus of devil ray from the Paleogene period. Due to superficial similarities, some species were originally mistaken for Cow-nose rays and placed in the genus Rhinoptera. It is known exclusively from dental batteries, mostly isolated teeth. There are several species attributed to this genus but their relation to each other is still unresolved. Some have proposed the type species B. daviesi arises in the late Paleocene and persists until the middle Eocene giving rise to the similar genus Eoplinthicus with an earlier offshoot leading to smaller and less ornamented species in the lower Eocene, namely B. fetahi. B. fetahi is known from Morocco and North America. B. daviesi was described from the London Clay Formation, but is well known from Eocene deposits throughout Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. However, teeth from the Claiborne Group of Alabama show teeth identical to B. daviesi coexisting with Eoplinthicus in the Bartonian. A Ypresian species, B. nessovi, known from a singular site in Kazakhstan was tentatively ascribed to the genus, though more material may show it warrant its own. B. crimensis is known from the Bartonian and Priabonian of Crimea.
Cantioscyllium is an extinct genus of nurse shark from the Mesozoic era. It is known mainly from isolated teeth, but was named on a partial skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of England. It is a widespread and diverse genus, currently containing 10 species. They are uncommon but present throughout the late cretaceous of the eastern United States, including the Severn Formation of Maryland, the Tar Heel and Peedee formations of North Carolina, and Campanian of New Jersey. It is also known from the Western Interior Seaway and western Europe. C. hashimiaensis is known from the Santonian of Jordan. C. alhaulfi is from the Barremian.
