The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip, salvia, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees, or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys affinis. Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, Plectranthus, and many Salvia species and hybrids.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations.
The beluga whale is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus Delphinapterus. It is also known as the white whale, as it is the only cetacean to regularly occur with this colour; the sea canary, due to its high-pitched calls; and the melonhead, though that more commonly refers to the melon-headed whale, which is an oceanic dolphin.
The bull shark, also known as the Zambezi shark in Africa and Lake Nicaragua shark in Nicaragua, is a species of requiem shark commonly found worldwide in warm, shallow waters along coasts and in rivers. It is known for its aggressive nature, and presence mainly in warm, shallow brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and (usually) lower reaches of rivers. This aggressive nature is a reason for its population being listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Shark-culling occurs near beaches to protect beachgoers, which is one of the causes of bull shark populations continuing to decrease.
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa.
The Ganges shark is a critically endangered species of requiem shark found in the Ganges River and the Brahmaputra River of India and Bangladesh. It is often confused with the more common bull shark, which also inhabits the Ganges River and is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Ganges shark. The genus is currently considered to contain three recent species; genetic evidence has shown that both the Borneo river shark and Irrawaddy river shark should be regarded as synonyms of the Ganges shark, expanding the range of the species to Pakistan, Myanmar, Borneo, and Java. While the other members of the genus Glyphis occur in coastal marine waters as well as rivers, the Ganges shark is found only in fresh water, making it the world's only exclusively freshwater shark. The species remains poorly known and very rare.
Leucas is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described by Robert Brown in 1810. It contains over 200 species, widespread over much of Africa, and southern and eastern Asia with a few species in Queensland and on various islands in the Indian Ocean.
The Cumberland Sound belugas are a distinct population of belugas residing in the Cumberland Sound region of the Labrador Sea off the coast of Nunavut, Canada Individuals of this population reside in the sound year-round, congregating in its extreme north exclusively at Clearwater Fjord during the summer for calving. The Cumberland Sound beluga population is considered fairly isolated and genetically distinct from other beluga populations, with a notable number of haplotypes and microsatellite loci not found elsewhere.
Leucas flagellifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to Socotra. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The scientific name has been misspelt as Leucas flagellifolia.
Leucas hagghierensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It endemic to the central and western Hajhir Mountains on the island of Socotra in Yemen. Its natural habitat is dense submontane semi-deciduous thicket around granite pinnacles from 1,050 to 1,500 metres elevation.
Leucas kishenensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to the Hajhir Mountains of Socotra island in Yemen, where it grows in open semi-deciduous shrubland on granite from 650 to 1,000 metres elevation.
Leucas penduliflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is found only in Yemen. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
Leucas samhaensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to the island of Samhah in Yemen's Socotra Archipelago. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
Leucas virgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. It is common and widespread in open shrubland and drought-deciduous woodland on the island's limestone plateaus from 100 to 700 metres elevation.
Blepharis spiculifolia is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is endemic to Socotra. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
Lasiosiphon socotranus is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is a shrub endemic to the island of Socotra in Yemen. It is abundant in semi-deciduous woodland and shrubland on the island's western limestone plateaus and at the summit of the eastern limestone escarpment, and dominant in woodland in the northern wadis of the Hajhir Mountains, from 300 to 800 metres elevation.
Rhinacanthus scoparius is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a subshrub native to northeastern Somalia and to Yemen's Socotra island. On Socotra it is widespread on the coastal plains and limestone plateaus, growing in several shrubland types including Croton socotranus shrubland, succulent shrubland, and dwarf shrubland from 20 to 600 metres elevation.
Convolvulus semhahensis is a species of plant in the family Convolvulaceae. It is endemic to the island of Samhah in Yemen's Socotra Archipelago. It grows in open dwarf shrubland with Atriplex griffithii from 100 to 200 metres elevation.
Erica spiculifolia, commonly known as spike heath or Balkan heath, is a species of plant native to southeastern Europe and northern Asia Minor. It is a dwarf evergreen shrub and heath-like plant to 10 in high. Leaves are dark green. The flowers are rose-pink and bell-shaped, appearing in terminal clusters in early summer.
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, known as windmill bush and banana bush, is a species of plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae.
