Lexibank datasets are presented in the Cross-Linguistic Data Format (CLDF).[4]
Phonological and lexical features are automatically computed in Lexibank.[2]
The datasets are publicly accessible and are archived at Zenodo[5] and are also publicly available on GitHub.[6] Lexibank is also part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data project. All of the datasets are released under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Uday Raj Aaley and Timotheus A. Bodt (2020): New Kusunda data: A list of 250 concepts. Computer-Assisted Language Comparison in Practice 3.4 (08/04/2020), URL: https://calc.hypotheses.org/2414.
Abraham, Binny, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, and Isapdaile Zeliang (2018): Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. Dallas: SIL International.
Backstrom, Peter C. and Radloff, Carla F. (1992): Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, Volume 2. Languages of Northern Areas. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies.
List, Johann-Mattis and Jelena Prokić. (2014). A benchmark database of phonetic alignments in historical linguistics and dialectology. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), 26 — 31 May 2014, Reykjavik. 288-294.
Birchall J, Dunn M, & Greenhill SJ. 2016. A Combined Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Chapacuran Language Family. International Journal of American Linguistics 82(3). 255–284.
Greenhill, SJ; Blust, R and Gray, RD (2008): The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From bioinformatics to lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 4. 271-283.
Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus and List, Johann-Mattis (2019): Testing the predictive strength of the comparative method: An ongoing experiment on unattested words in Western Kho-Bwa languages. Papers in Historical Phonology 4.1: 22-44.
Mennecier, P., Nerbonne, J., Heyer, E., & Manni, F. (2016). A Central Asian Language Survey, Language Dynamics and Change, 6(1), 57-98. doi:10.1163/22105832-00601015
Castro, Andy; Crook, Brian; Flaming, Royce (2010): A sociolinguistic survey of Kua-nsi and related Yi varieties in Heqing county, Yunnan province, China. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-001. Dallas: SIL International.
Chacon, T. C.; Gonçalves, A. G.; and da Silva, L. F (2019): A diversidade linguística Aruák no Alto Rio Negro em gravações da década de 1950 [The diversity of Arawakan languages from the upper Rio Negro in recordings from the 1950s]. Forma y Función, 32.2, 41-67. doi:10.15446/fyf.v32n2.80814
T. Chacon. (2014). A revised proposal of Proto-Tukanoan consonants and Tukanoan family classification. Journal of American Linguistics 80.3, pp. 275–322. doi:10.1086/676393
Davletshin, Albert (2012): Proto-Uto-Aztecans on their way to the Proto-Aztecan homeland: linguistic evidence. Journal of Language Relationship. 8. 1. 75-92.
Deepadung, Sujaritlak; Buakaw, Supakit; and Rattanapitak, Ampica (2015): A lexical comparison of the Palaung dialects spoken in China, Myanmar, and Thailand. Mon-Khmer Studies 44. 19-38.
Kolipakam, Vishnupriya, Michael Dunn, Fiona M. Jordan & Annemarie Verkerk. (2018). DravLex: A Dravidian lexical database. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Duong, Thu Hang and Nguyen, Thu Quynh and Nguyen, Van Loi (2021): The Language of the La Chí People in Bản Díu Commune, Xín Mần District, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. In: Studies in the Anthropology of Language in Mainland Southeast Asia. Ed. by N. J. Enfield, Jack Sidnell, and Charles H. P. Zuckermann. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu. 124-138
Gao, Tianjun (2020): Reconstruction and analysis of phylogenetic network on Tibeto-Burman languages in China. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 48:1, 257-293.
Huber, R. Q. and Reed, R. B. 1992. Vocabulario comparativo: palabras selectas de lenguas indígenas de Colombia [Comparative vocabulary. Selected words from the indigenous languages of Columbia]. Santafé de Bogota: Associatión Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
Bowern, Claire, Patience Epps, Jane Hill, and Patrick McConvell. Hunter-Gatherer Language Database. https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/ Accessed 2021-04-27.
Ivani, J. K. (2019): A first overview on Suansu, a Tibeto-Burman language from Northeastern India. Talk, held at the 29th conference of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society (27-29 May, Tokyo). https://zenodo.org/record/3383006
Erben Johansson, N., Anikin, A., Carling, G., & Holmer, A. (2020). The typology of sound symbolism: Defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features, Linguistic Typology, 24(2), 253-310. doi:10.1515/lingty-2020-2034
Lee, Sean, Hasegawa, Toshikazu (2011). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis supports an agricultural origin of Japonic languages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1725), 3662–3669. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0518
Bremer, Nate D. (2016): A Sociolinguistic Survey of Six Berta Speech Varieties in Ethiopia. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2016-007. Dallas: SIL International.
Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020. Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://ids.clld.org/)
List, Johann-Mattis (2014): Investigating the impact of sample size on cognate detection. Journal of Language Relationship. 11. 91-102. doi:10.31826/jlr-2014-110111
Líu, L.; Wáng, H.; Bǎi, Y. (2007): Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán héxīncí, tèzhēng cíjí 现代汉语方言核心词·特征词集 [Collection of basic vocabulary words and characteristic dialect words in modern Chinese dialects]. Nánjīng: Fènghuáng.
Nagaraja KS, Sidwell P & Greenhill SJ. 2013. A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War. Mon-Khmer Studies, 42, 1-11.
Peiros, I. I. (2004): Генетическая классификация австроазиатских языков / Genetičeskaja klassifikacija avstroaziatskix jazykov [Genetic classification of Austro-Asiatic languages]. Russian State University for the Humanities, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow.
Pharao Hansen, Magnus (2020): ¿Familia o vecinos? Investigando la relación entre el proto-náhuatl y el proto-corachol [Family or neighbors? Investigating the relation between Proto-Náhuatl and Proto-Corachol]. In: Lenguas yutoaztecas: historia, estructuras y contacto lingüístico. Homenaje a Karen Dakin. Rosa Yañez (ed.) Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara.
Koelle, Sigismund W. (1854). Polyglotta Africana or Comparative Vocabulary of Nearly Three Hundred Words and Phrases in more than One Hundred Distinct African Languages. London: Church Missionary House.
Robinson, Laura C. and Holton, Gary (2012): Internal Classification of the Alor-Pantar Language Family Using Computational Methods Applied to the Lexicon. Language Dynamics and Change 2.2. 123-149.
Laurent Sagart, Jacques, Guillaume, Yunfan Lai, and Johann-Mattis List (2019): Sino-Tibetan Database of Lexical Cognates. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian (2011) Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or on the usefuseful of lexicostatistics (and "megalo"-comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman. Stanford: Stanford University.
Savelyev, Alexander and Robbeets, Martine (2020): Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family. Journal of Language Evolution 5.1. 39-53.
Syrjänen, K.; Honkola, T.; Korhonen, K.; Lehtinen, J.; Vesakoski, O. & Wahlber, N. Shedding more light on language classification using basic vocabularies and phylogenetic methods. Diachronica, 2013, 30, 323-352
Nurse, Derek and Gérard Philippson (1975). The Tanzanian Language Survey. Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics of the University of Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam.
Eline Visser. 2021. Kalamang dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://ids.clld.org/)
Wang, F. 2004. BCD: basic words of Chinese dialects. Unpublished dataset. [Digital version in: List, J.-M. (2015): Network perspectives on Chinese dialect history. Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 8. 42-67.]
Cysouw, M., Wichmann, S., & Kamholz, D. (2006). A critique of the separation base method for genealogical subgrouping, with data from Mixe-Zoquean. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 13(2-3), 225–264. doi:10.1080/09296170600850759
Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) 2009. World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://wold.clld.org/)
Hsiao-jung Yu and Yifan Wang. 2021. Mandarin Chinese dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://ids.clld.org/)
Z'graggen, J A. (1980) A comparative word list of the Northern Adelbert Range Languages, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Greenhill, Simon J., Hannah J. Haynie, Robert M. Ross, Angela M. Chira, List, Johann-Mattis, Lyle Campbell, Carlos A. Botero, and Russell D. Gray (2021): A recent northern origin for the Uto-Aztecan language family. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely spoken Chadic language is Hausa, a lingua franca of much of inland Eastern West Africa, particularly Niger and the northern half of Nigeria.
Linguistic typology is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. Its aim is to describe and explain the structural diversity and the common properties of the world's languages. Its subdisciplines include, but are not limited to phonological typology, which deals with sound features; syntactic typology, which deals with word order and form; lexical typology, which deals with language vocabulary; and theoretical typology, which aims to explain the universal tendencies.
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a genetic relationship.
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two end-points of the range, the Pama languages of northeast Australia and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia.
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.
The South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, found in the islands and along the shores of the Halmahera Sea in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and of Cenderawasih Bay in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. There are 38 languages.
The Central Solomon languages are the four Papuan languages spoken in the state of Solomon Islands.
The Reef Islands – Santa Cruz languages are a branch of the Oceanic languages comprising the languages of the Santa Cruz Islands and Reef Islands:
Quantitative comparative linguistics is the use of quantitative analysis as applied to comparative linguistics. Examples include the statistical fields of lexicostatistics and glottochronology, and the borrowing of phylogenetics from biology.
The Kho-Bwa languages, also known as Kamengic, are a small family of languages spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. The name Kho-Bwa was originally proposed by George van Driem (2001). It is based on the reconstructed words *kho ("water") and *bwa ("fire"). Blench (2011) suggests the name Kamengic, from the Kameng area of Arunachal Pradesh. Alternatively, Anderson (2014) refers to Kho-Bwa as Northeast Kamengic.
The family of Northwest Solomonic languages is a branch of the Oceanic languages. It includes the Austronesian languages of Bougainville and Buka in Papua New Guinea, and of Choiseul, New Georgia, and Santa Isabel in Solomon Islands.
Language complexity is a topic in linguistics which can be divided into several sub-topics such as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic complexity. The subject also carries importance for language evolution.
The Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) project coordinated over a dozen linguistics databases covering the languages of the world. It is hosted by the Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
Zenodo is a general-purpose open repository developed under the European OpenAIRE program and operated by CERN. It allows researchers to deposit research papers, data sets, research software, reports, and any other research related digital artefacts. For each submission, a persistent digital object identifier (DOI) is minted, which makes the stored items easily citeable.
In natural language processing, linguistics, and neighboring fields, Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) describes a method and an interdisciplinary community concerned with creating, sharing, and (re-)using language resources in accordance with Linked Data principles. The Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud was conceived and is being maintained by the Open Linguistics Working Group (OWLG) of the Open Knowledge Foundation, but has been a point of focal activity for several W3C community groups, research projects, and infrastructure efforts since then.
Colexification, together with its associated verb colexify, are terms used in semantics and lexical typology. They refer to the ability, for a language, to express different meanings with the same word.
In linguistics and language technology, a language resource is a "[composition] of linguistic material used in the construction, improvement and/or evaluation of language processing applications, (...) in language and language-mediated research studies and applications."
Concepticon is an open-source online lexical database of linguistic concept lists. It links concept labels in concept lists to concept sets.
Johann-Mattis List is a German scientist. He is known for his work on quantitative comparative linguistics. List is currently professor at the University of Passau, Germany, where he leads the Chair of Multilingual Computational Linguistics.
PHOIBLE is a linguistic database accessible through its website and compiling phonological inventories from primary documents and tertiary databases into a single, easily searchable sample. The 2019 version 2.0 includes 3,020 inventories containing 3,183 segment types found in 2,186 distinct languages. It is edited by Steven Moran, Assistant Professor from the Institute of Biology at the University of Neuchâtel and Daniel McCloy, Researcher at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences at the University of Washington.
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