Lianmuqin Formation

Lianmuqin Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian–Albian [1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Tugulu Group
Underlies	Donggou & Kumutake Formations
Overlies	Shengjinkou Formation
Thickness	213–360 m (699–1,181 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, siltstone
Location
Coordinates	46°00′N85°48′E / 46.0°N 85.8°E / 46.0; 85.8
Approximate paleocoordinates	45°00′N81°54′E / 45.0°N 81.9°E / 45.0; 81.9
Region	Xinjiang
Country	China
Extent	Junggar Basin
Type section
Named for	Lianmuqin
Lianmuqin Formation (China) Show map of China Lianmuqin Formation (Dzungaria) Show map of Dzungaria

The Lianmuqin Formation, ^[2] also transcribed as Lianmugin Formation, ^[3] and Lianmuxin Formation, ^[4] is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation composed of "interbedded red green and yellow variegated mudstones and siltstones". ^{[5] [6]} Dinosaur remains have been recovered from it. ^[7]

The formation is named after Lianmuqin Town in Shanshan County, Xinjiang.

Vertebrate paleofauna

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asiatosaurus [8]	A. mongoliensis [8]	NW Junggar Basin
Kelmayisaurus [8] [9]	K. petrolicus [8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Maxilla and dentary." [10]
Xinjiangovenator	X. parvus	NW Junggar Basin		"Tibia [and] phalanges." [11]	Formerly thought to be a representative of Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis. [8]
Phaedrolosaurus	P. ilikensis	NW Junggar Basin		"tooth" [12]
Psittacosaurus [8]	P. xinjiangensis [8]	NW Junggar Basin
Tugulusaurus [8]	T. faciles [8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Hindlimb, rib, [and a] vertebral centrum." [13]
Wuerhosaurus [8]	W. homheni [8]	NW Junggar Basin		"Partial skeleton." [14]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs of the Lianmuqin Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dsungaripteridae indet. [15]	indeterminate [15]	Southern Junggar Basin			Not referable to Lonchognathosaurus or Dsungaripterus ; likely a new taxon. [15]
Dsungaripterus	D. weii [16]	NW Junggar Basin				Dsungaripterus and Noripterus
Noripterus	N. complicidens [17]	NW Junggar Basin
Lonchognathosaurus	L. acutirostris [17]	Southern Junggar Basin			Possible junior synonym of Dsungaripterus weii. [18]
Ornithocheiromorpha Indet. [19]	Indeterminate

Plesiosaurs

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Sinopliosaurus	S. weiyuanensis	NW Junggar Basin		Three vertebrae and a tooth. [20] [21]	Dubious genus of plesiosaur.

Crurotarsans

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Edentosuchus	E. tienshanensis [22]	NW Junggar Basin

Turtles

Name	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Dracochelys	D. bicuspis	Southern Junggar Basin			[23]
Ordosemys	O. brinkmania	NW Junggar Basin			[23]
Wuguia	W. efremovi	Southern Junggar Basin			[23]
Xinjiangchelys	X. sp.	NW Junggar Basin			[23]

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
  • List of stratigraphic units with few dinosaur genera

References

1. Alexander O. Averianov; Stepan V. Ivantsov; Sergey V. Leshchinskiy; Pavel P.Skutschas (12 April 2022). "First pterosaur bone from the Lower Cretaceous of Siberia, Russia" . Cretaceous Research. 135: 105230. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13705230A. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105230. S2CID   248136173 . Retrieved 13 April 2022.
2. "Re: Kelmayisaurus a carcharodontosaurid". dml.cmnh.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
3. Lianmugin Formation at Fossilworks.org
4. I. G. Danilov, J. F. Parham (2007). "The type series of "Sinemys" wuerhoensis, a problematic turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of China, includes at least three taxa". Palaeontology. 50 (2): 431. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50..431D. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00632.x.
5. Lucas, Spencer G, Chinese Fossil vertebrates, Pp. 158-159, New York, Columbia University Press, ISBN   0-231-08483-8.
6. Lucas, S.G. (2001). Chinese Fossil Vertebrates. Columbia University Press. p. 158. ISBN   9780231084833 . Retrieved 2015-01-05.
7. Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607
8. "48.5 Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, People's Republic of China; 1. Tugulu Group," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 567.
9. "A reassessment of Kelmayisaurus petrolicus, a large theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (Preprint). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
10. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
11. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 78.
12. Z.-M. Dong. (1973). [Dinosaurs from Wuerho]. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academic Sinica 11:45-52. [Chinese]
13. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 77.
14. "Table 16.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 345.
15. Augustin FJ, Matzke AT, Maisch MW, Csiki-Sava Z (2021). "Pterosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuxin Formation (upper Tugulu Group) of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 34 (2): 312–321. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1910819. S2CID   233597623.
16. "Re: The timing of stegosaur extinction". dml.cmnh.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
17. Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.
18. Andres, B.; Clark, J. M.; Xing, X. (2010). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, and the phylogenetic relationships of basal pterosaurs" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 163–187. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..163A. doi:10.1080/02724630903409220. S2CID   53688256.
19. Song, J.; Zhong, Y.; Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2025). "The first ornithocheiromorph humerus from Wuerho (Urho), China, with a new isotopic age of the Tugulu Group". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 97 (Suppl. 1). e20240557. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202520240557 .
20. C.-C. Young. (1944). On the reptilian remains from Weiyuan, Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 24(3–4):187-205
21. Z. Dong. (1973). [Cretaceous stratigraphy of Wuerho district, Dsungar Basin]. Reports of Paleontological Expedition to Sinkiang (II): Pterosaurian Fauna from Wuerho, Sinkiang. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica 11:1-7
22. Jinling Li (July 1985). "A revision of Edentosuchus tienshanensis Young from the Tugulu Group of Xinjiang Autonomous Region" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 23 (3): 196–206. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
23. Zheng, Daran; Chang, Su-Chin; Ramezani, Jahandar; Xu, Xing; Xu, Honghe; Wang, He; Pei, Rui; Fang, Yanan; Wang, Jun; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun (2023-05-10). "Calibrating the Early Cretaceous Urho Pterosaur Fauna in Junggar Basin and implications for the evolution of the Jehol Biota" . Geological Society of America Bulletin. doi:10.1130/b36795.1. ISSN   0016-7606.

Bibliography

• Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN   0-520-24209-2 . Retrieved 2019-02-21.