List of DNA-tested mummies

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This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.[ according to whom? ] Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

Contents

mtDNA and YDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and YDNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

NameOriginal Location
of Remains		Date Lived
(years ago)		Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23 Italy28,000 [1] CRS [2] H [ citation needed ]
Paglicci 25 Italy23,000 [3] 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] HV [4]
TAF009

TAF010

TAF011

TAF012

TAF013

TAF014

TAF015

Morocco15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

U6a6b [5]

U6a7b [5]

U6a7 [5]

U6a7 [5]

U6a7b [5]

M1b [5]

U6a1b [5]

E1b1b1a1b1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

N/A [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b [5]

Cheddar Man England>9,000[ citation needed ]16192T,[ citation needed ] 16270T[ citation needed ] U5b1 [6] I2-L38 (I2a2) [7]
Ötzi the Iceman Austria/Italy5,300 [8] K. [9] [10] G2a2b [11]
Nakht-Ankh Egypt4,000 [12] M1a1 [12]
Khnum-Nakht Egypt4,000 [12] M1a1 [12]
Djehutynakht (10A) Egypt4,000 [13] U5b2b5 [13]
Queen Tiye Egypt3,390 [14] K [14]
JK2887Egypt3,410-3,333 [15] J2a1a1 [15] N/A [15]
Tutankhamun Egypt3,342 [14] K [14] R1b [14]
Tel Shadud  [ he ] Canaanite NobelmanIsrael3,300 [16] R1b [16]
Tel Shadud  [ he ] specimen L126Israel3,300 [16] Haplogroup I5a1 [16] J [16]
Ramesses III Egypt3,200 [17] E1b1a [18] Hawass used Whit Athey predictor to determine the haplogroup, but Nevgen predicted Haplogroup T.
Pentawer Egypt3,200 [17] E1b1a [18]
JK2134Egypt2,798-2,591 [15] J1d [15] J [15]
JK2911Egypt2,791-2,582 [15] M1a1 [15] J [15]
Takabuti Egypt2,600 [19] H4a1 [19]
Young Man of Byrsa Tunisialate 6th century BCE U5b2c1 [20]
OM:KMM A 64

YM:KMM A 63

Egypt2,320 [21]

2,300 [21]

T2c1a [21]

HV [21]

JK2888Egypt2,119-2,024 [15] U6a2 [15] E1b1b1a1b2 [15]
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon England1,000[ citation needed ]16189A,[ citation needed ] 16223T,[ citation needed ] 16271C,[ citation needed ] 16278T[ citation needed ] X [ citation needed ]
Juanita the Ice Maiden Peru500[ citation needed ]16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A [22] A [ citation needed ]
500-year-old Inca childArgentina500 [23] C1b [23]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:[ citation needed ]

NameOriginal Location
of Remains		Date Lived
(years ago)		DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Yuya Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV35 Younger Lady Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tiye (Elder Lady KV35)Egypt3,370D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Amenhotep III Egypt3,370D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV55 mummyEgypt3,350D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tutankhamun Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy AEgypt3,340D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy BEgypt3,340D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [24]

KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  2. ↑ Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE . 3 (7): e2700. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2700C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002700 . PMC   2444030 . PMID   18628960.
  3. ↑ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.
  4. 1 2 Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS . 100 (11): 6593–6597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1130343100 . PMC   164492 . PMID   12743370.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 van de Loosdrecht; et al. (2018-03-15). "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations". Science. 360 (6388): 548–552. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..548V. doi: 10.1126/science.aar8380 . ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   29545507.
  6. ↑ Brace, Selina; et al. (18 February 2018). "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". bioRxiv   10.1101/267443 .
  7. ↑ Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. 522 (7555): 207–211. arXiv: 1502.02783 . Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. bioRxiv   10.1101/013433 . doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC   5048219 . PMID   25731166.
  8. ↑ Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS 14
    C
     Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man"     (PDF). Radiocarbon. 36 (2): 247–250. doi: 10.1017/s0033822200040534 . Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  9. ↑ Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. 18 (21): 1687–93. Bibcode:2008CBio...18.1687E. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028 . PMID   18976917. S2CID   13983702.
  10. ↑ Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. 10: 29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-29 . PMC   2717998 . PMID   19545382.
  11. ↑ Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. 3: 698. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..698K. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1701 . PMID   22426219.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Ancient DNA results end 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy mystery
  13. 1 2 Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Skoglund, Pontus; Onorato, Anthony J.; Bergman, Nicholas H. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes. 9 (3): 135. doi: 10.3390/genes9030135 . PMC   5867856 . PMID   29494531.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Gad, Yehia Z; Hassan, Naglaa Abu-Mandil; Mousa, Dalia M; Fouad, Fayrouz A; El-Sayed, Safaa G; Abdelazeem, Marwa A; Mahdy, Samah M; Othman, Hend Y; Ibrahim, Dina W; Khairat, Rabab; Ismail, Somaia (2020-10-15). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics. 30 (R1): R24 –R28. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa223 . ISSN   0964-6906. PMID   33059357.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 15694. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15694 . ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   5459999 . PMID   28556824.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
  17. 1 2 "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  18. 1 2 Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl: 10072/62081 . PMID   23247979. S2CID   206896841 . Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  19. 1 2 "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  20. ↑ Matisoo-Smith EA, Gosling AL, Boocock J, Kardailsky O, Kurumilian Y, Roudesli-Chebbi S, et al. (May 25, 2016). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0155046. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1155046M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155046 . PMC   4880306 . PMID   27224451.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin; Saag, Lehti; Saage, Ragnar; Teearu-Ojakäär, Anu (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1): e0227446. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527446O. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227446 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6964855 . PMID   31945091.
  22. ↑ "Ancient DNA". www.isogg.org. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  23. 1 2 Gómez-Carballa A, Catelli L, Pardo-Seco J, et al. (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Sci Rep. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC   4642457 . PMID   26561991.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Y. Z.; Ismail, S.; Khairat, R.; Fathalla, D.; Hasan, N.; Ahmed, A.; Elleithy, H.; Ball, M.; Gaballah, F.; Wasef, S.; Fateen, M.; Amer, H.; Gostner, P.; Selim, A.; Zink, A.; Pusch, C. M. (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA. 303 (7): 638–47. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.121 . PMID   20159872.

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