List of DNA-tested mummies

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This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.[ according to whom? ] Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

Contents

mtDNA and YDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and YDNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

NameOriginal Location
of Remains		Date Lived
(years ago)		Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23 Italy28,000 [1] CRS [2] H [ citation needed ]
Paglicci 25 Italy23,000 [3] 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] HV [4]
TAF009

TAF010

TAF011

TAF012

TAF013

TAF014

TAF015

Morocco15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

15,100-13,900 [5]

U6a6b [5]

U6a7b [5]

U6a7 [5]

U6a7 [5]

U6a7b [5]

M1b [5]

U6a1b [5]

E1b1b1a1b1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

N/A [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b1a1 [5]

E1b1b [5]

Cheddar Man England>9,000[ citation needed ]16192T,[ citation needed ] 16270T[ citation needed ] U5b1 [6] I2-L38 (I2a2) [7]
Ötzi the Iceman Austria/Italy5,300 [8] K. [9] [10] G2a2b [11]
Nakht-Ankh Egypt4,000 [12] M1a1 [12]
Khnum-Nakht Egypt4,000 [12] M1a1 [12]
Djehutynakht (10A) Egypt4,000 [13] U5b2b5 [13]
Queen Tiye Egypt3,390 [14] K [14]
JK2887

JK2134

JK2911

JK2888

Egypt3,410-3,333 [15]

2,798-2,591 [15]

2,791-2,582 [15]

2,119-2,024 [15]

J2a1a1 [15]

J1d [15]

M1a1 [15]

U6a2 [15]

N/A [15]

J [15]

J [15]

E1b1b1a1b2 [15]

Tel Shadud  [ he ] Canaanite NobelmanIsrael3,300 [16] R1b [16]
Tel Shadud  [ he ] specimen L126Israel3,300 [16] Haplogroup I5a1 [16] J [16]
Tutankhamun Egypt3,342 [14] K [14] R1b [14]
Ramesses III Egypt3,200 [17] E1b1a [18]
Pentawer Egypt3,200 [17] E1b1a [18]
Takabuti Egypt2,600 [19] H4a1 [19]
OM:KMM A 64

YM:KMM A 63

Egypt2,320 [20]

2,300 [20]

T2c1a [20]

HV [20]

The Norwich Anglo-Saxon England1,000[ citation needed ]16189A,[ citation needed ] 16223T,[ citation needed ] 16271C,[ citation needed ] 16278T[ citation needed ] X [ citation needed ]
Juanita the Ice Maiden Peru500[ citation needed ]16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A [21] A [ citation needed ]
Young Man of Byrsa Tunisialate 6th century BCE U5b2c1 [22]
500-year-old Inca childArgentina500 [23] C1b [23]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:[ citation needed ]

NameOriginal Location
of Remains		Date Lived
(years ago)		DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Yuya Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tiye (Elder Lady KV35)Egypt3,370D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Amenhotep III Egypt3,370D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV55 mummyEgypt3,350D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV35 Younger Lady Egypt3,390D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tutankhamun Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy AEgypt3,340D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy BEgypt3,340D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [24]

KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt3,340D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ötzi</span> Natural mummy of a man who lived c. 3300 BC

Ötzi, also called the Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived between 3350 and 3105 BC. Ötzi's remains were discovered on 19 September 1991, in the Ötztal Alps at the border between Austria and Italy. He is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy, offering an unprecedented view of Chalcolithic Europeans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancient DNA</span> Method of archaeological study

Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient specimens. Due to degradation processes ancient DNA is more degraded in comparison with contemporary genetic material. Even under the best preservation conditions, there is an upper boundary of 0.4–1.5 million years for a sample to contain sufficient DNA for sequencing technologies. The oldest sample ever sequenced is estimated to be 1.65 million years old. Genetic material has been recovered from paleo/archaeological and historical skeletal material, mummified tissues, archival collections of non-frozen medical specimens, preserved plant remains, ice and from permafrost cores, marine and lake sediments and excavation dirt. On 7 December 2022, The New York Times reported that two-million year old genetic material was found in Greenland, and is currently considered the oldest DNA discovered so far.

Haplogroup K, formerly Haplogroup UK, is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is defined by the HVR1 mutations 16224C and 16311C. It is now known that K is a subclade of U8.

Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated around 25,100 years ago in the Near East.

Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). The clade arose from haplogroup R, likely during the early Upper Paleolithic. Its various subclades are found widely distributed across Northern and Eastern Europe, Central, Western and South Asia, as well as North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the Canary Islands.

Haplogroup F is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is most common in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It has not been found among Native Americans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup N (mtDNA)</span> Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. A macrohaplogroup, its descendant lineages are distributed across many continents. Like its sibling macrohaplogroup M, macrohaplogroup N is a descendant of the haplogroup L3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C (mtDNA)</span>

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup C is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup L3 (mtDNA)</span> Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Haplogroup I is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated about 21,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period in West Asia. The haplogroup is unusual in that it is now widely distributed geographically, but is common in only a few small areas of East Africa, West Asia and Europe. It is especially common among the El Molo and Rendille peoples of Kenya, various regions of Iran, the Lemko people of Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine, the island of Krk in Croatia, the department of Finistère in France and some parts of Scotland and Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genetic history of Europe</span>

The genetic history of Europe includes information around the formation, ethnogenesis, and other DNA-specific information about populations indigenous, or living in Europe.

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Takabuti</span> Ancient Egyptian mummy

Takabuti was a married woman who reached an age of between twenty and thirty years. She lived in the Egyptian city of Thebes at the end of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt. Her mummified body and mummy case are in the Ulster Museum, Belfast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genetic history of the Middle East</span>

The genetic history of the Middle East is the subject of research within the fields of human population genomics, archaeogenetics and Middle Eastern studies. Researchers use Y-DNA, mtDNA, and other autosomal DNAs to identify the genetic history of ancient and modern populations of Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Arabia, the Levant, and other areas.

Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated in Southwest Asia, near present day Syria, around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago. Mitochondrial haplogroup H is today predominantly found in Europe, and is believed to have evolved before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It first expanded in the northern Near East and Southern Caucasus soon, and later migrations from Iberia suggest that the clade reached Europe before the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup has also spread to parts of Africa, Siberia and inner Asia. Today, around 40% of all maternal lineages in Europe belong to haplogroup H.

Haplogroup R0 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genetic history of Egypt</span>

The genetic history of Egypt reflects its geographical location at the crossroads of several major biocultural areas: North Africa, the Sahara, the Middle East, the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa.

References

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  16. 1 2 3 4 5 The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
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