List of Large Hadron Collider experiments

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This is a list of experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHC is the most energetic particle collider in the world, and is used to test the accuracy of the Standard Model, and to look for physics beyond the Standard Model such as supersymmetry, extra dimensions, and others.

Contents

The list is first compiled from the SPIRES database, then missing information is retrieved from the online version CERN's Grey Book . The most specific information of the two is kept, e.g. if the SPIRES database lists December 2008, while the Grey Book lists 22 December 2008, the Grey Book entry is shown. When there is a conflict between the SPIRES database and the Grey Book, the SPIRES database information is listed, unless otherwise noted.

Large Hadron Collider experiments

LHC experiments
ExperimentLocationSpokespersonDescriptionProposedApprovedBeganCompletedLinkWebsite
ALICE IP2 Luciano Musa [1] Alarge ion collider experiment: specialized on heavy ion collisions, with proton-proton collisions as reference ??6 Feb 199730 March 2010N/A Inspire

Grey Book

Website
ATLAS IP1Andreas Hoecker [2] Atoroidal LHC apparatus: studying the Standard Model and searching for Beyond Standard Model signatures primarily with proton collisionsDec 199431 Jan 199630 March 2010N/A Inspire
Grey Book 		Website
CMS IP5 Luca Malgeri [3] Compact muon solenoid: same purpose as for ATLASOct 199231 Jan 199630 March 2010N/A Inspire
Grey Book 		Website
LHCb IP8 Giovanni Passaleva [4] LHCbeauty experiment: studying primarily flavour physics with B-hadrons such as asymmetries and CP violations ??17 Sep 199830 March 2010N/A Inspire
Grey Book 		Website
LHCf IP1 Yasushi Muraki [5] LHC-forward: measurement of particles travelling close to the direction of the beam, simulating cosmic rays ??12 May 200430 March 2010N/A Inspire

Grey Book

Website
MATHUSLA IP1Henry LubattiMAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles: Search for long lived particles and neutrinos at the LHC2016 [6] 20172018 [7] [8] N/A Inspire Inspire Website
MilliQan IP5Christopher S. Hill, Andy HaasSearch for milli-charged particles at the LHC15 July 2016 [9] 2016Fall 2017 [10] [11] N/A Inspire

Inspire

Website
MOEDAL IP8 James L. Pinfold [12] Monopole and exotic particle detector at the LHCJuly 2009 [13] 2 December 2009 [14] January 2011 [15] N/A Inspire

Grey Book

Website
TOTEM IP5Simone Giani [16] Total cross section, elastic scattering and diffraction dissociation at the LHC199918 May 19992010N/A Inspire
Grey Book 		Website
FASER IP1 Jamie Boyd, Jonathan Feng [17] ForwArd Search ExpeRiment: Search for long lived particles and neutrinos at the LHC20175 March 2019 [18] N/AN/A Inspire
Grey Book 		Website

MilliQan, MATHUSLA, FASER, LHCf, MOEDAL and TOTEM are much smaller than the other four experiments. Each is close to one of the larger experiments and uses the same collision point.

Notes

1. ^ Only a prototype has been approved and constructed so far, much smaller than the full proposed detector

See also

Experiments
Facilities

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CERN</span> European research centre in Switzerland

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN, is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in Meyrin, western suburb of Geneva, on the France–Switzerland border. It comprises 24 member states. Israel, admitted in 2013, is the only non-European full member. CERN is an official United Nations General Assembly observer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tevatron</span> Defunct American particle accelerator at Fermilab in Illinois (1983–2011)

The Tevatron was a circular particle accelerator in the United States, at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, east of Batavia, Illinois, and was the highest energy particle collider until the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was built near Geneva, Switzerland. The Tevatron was a synchrotron that accelerated protons and antiprotons in a 6.28 km (3.90 mi) circumference ring to energies of up to 1 TeV, hence its name. The Tevatron was completed in 1983 at a cost of $120 million and significant upgrade investments were made during its active years of 1983–2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large Hadron Collider</span> Particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large Electron–Positron Collider</span> Particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland

The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed. It was built at CERN, a multi-national centre for research in nuclear and particle physics near Geneva, Switzerland.

A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Compared to other particle accelerators in which the moving particles collide with a stationary matter target, colliders can achieve higher collision energies. Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synchrotron</span> Type of cyclic particle accelerator

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">LHCb experiment</span> Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

The LHCb experiment is a particle physics detector experiment collecting data at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. LHCb is a specialized b-physics experiment, designed primarily to measure the parameters of CP violation in the interactions of b-hadrons. Such studies can help to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. The detector is also able to perform measurements of production cross sections, exotic hadron spectroscopy, charm physics and electroweak physics in the forward region. The LHCb collaborators, who built, operate and analyse data from the experiment, are composed of approximately 1650 people from 98 scientific institutes, representing 22 countries. Vincenzo Vagnoni succeeded on July 1, 2023 as spokesperson for the collaboration from Chris Parkes. The experiment is located at point 8 on the LHC tunnel close to Ferney-Voltaire, France just over the border from Geneva. The (small) MoEDAL experiment shares the same cavern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOTEM experiment</span>

The TOTEM experiment is one of the nine detector experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. The other eight are: ATLAS, ALICE, CMS, LHCb, LHCf, MoEDAL, FASER and SND@LHC. It shares an interaction point with CMS. The detector aims at measurement of total cross section, elastic scattering, and diffraction processes. The primary instrument of the detector is referred to as a Roman pot. In December 2020, the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations made public the odderon discovery based on a purely data driven approach in a CERN and Fermilab approved preprint that was later published in Physical Review Letters. In this experimental observation, the TOTEM proton-proton data in the region of the diffractive minimum and maximum was extrapolated from 13, 8, 7 and 2.76 TeV to 1.96 TeV and compared this to D0 data at 1.96 TeV in the same t-range giving an odderon significance of 3.4 σ. When combined with TOTEM experimental data at 13 TeV at small scattering angles providing an odderon significance of 3.4 - 4.6 σ, the combination resulted in an odderon significance of at least 5.2 σ.

The Roman pot is the name of a technique used in accelerator physics. Named after its implementation by the CERN-Rome collaboration in the early 1970s, it is an important tool to measure the total cross section of two particle beams in a collider. They are called pots because the detectors are housed in cylindrical vessels. The first generation of Roman pots was purpose-built by the CERN Central Workshops and used in the measurement of the total cross-section of proton-proton inter-actions in the ISR.

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider, operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), located at the French-Swiss border near Geneva. From 2011 to 2020, the project was led by Lucio Rossi. In 2020, the lead role was taken up by Oliver Brüning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LHCf experiment</span>

The LHCf is a special-purpose Large Hadron Collider experiment for astroparticle physics, and one of nine detectors in the LHC accelerator at CERN. LHCf is designed to study the particles generated in the forward region of collisions, those almost directly in line with the colliding proton beams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MoEDAL experiment</span>

MoEDAL is a particle physics experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Future Circular Collider</span> Proposed particle accelerator

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a proposed particle accelerator with an energy significantly above that of previous circular colliders, such as the Super Proton Synchrotron, the Tevatron, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The FCC project is considering three scenarios for collision types: FCC-hh, for hadron-hadron collisions, including proton-proton and heavy ion collisions, FCC-ee, for electron-positron collisions, and FCC-eh, for electron-hadron collisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FASER experiment</span> 2022 particle physics experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

FASER is one of the nine particle physics experiments in 2022 at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. It is designed to both search for new light and weakly coupled elementary particles, and to detect and study the interactions of high-energy collider neutrinos. In 2023, FASER and SND@LHC reported the first observation of collider neutrinos.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scattering and Neutrino Detector</span>

The Scattering and Neutrino Detector (SND) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN, is an experiment built for the detection of the collider neutrinos. The primary goal of SND is to measure the p+p --> +X process and search for the feebly interacting particles. It will be operational from 2022, during the LHC-Run 3 (2022-2024). SND will be installed in an empty tunnel- TI18 that links the LHC and Super Proton Synchrotron, 480m away from the ATLAS experiment interaction point in the fast forward region and along the beam collision axis.

The MilliQan experiment is a small-scale detector experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). MilliQan is not a separate CERN experiment but is handled as a CMS sub-detector, with a dedicated memorandum of understanding to define authorship and responsibilities. The goal of the MilliQan experiment is to detect millicharged particles: particles with charges much smaller than that of the electron. These particles are motivated by the existence of a dark photon, and discovery of millicharged particles would provide a first probe into the dark sector. The MilliQan prototype detector collected data during LHC Run 2 in 2018 and set competitive constraints on millicharged particle charges and masses. The Run 3 milliQan detectors are currently collecting data, following the completion of the prototype detector upgrade in 2023 and the installation of a second detector apparatus in 2024.

James Lewis Pinfold is a British-Canadian physicist, specializing in particle physics.

Christopher Scott Hill is an American particle physicist and Professor of Physics at The Ohio State University. He is known for his contributions to the study of the top quark and for co-founding the milliQan Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.

References

  1. ↑ Experiment's detail
  2. ↑ ATLAS Experiment's details (Accessed 2021-09-14)
  3. ↑ Experiment's detail
  4. ↑ "LHCb Organization". Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
  5. ↑ Experiment's detail
  6. ↑ Chou, John Paul; Curtin, David; Lubatti, H.J. (2017). "New detectors to explore the lifetime frontier". Physics Letters B. 767: 29–36. arXiv: 1606.06298 . Bibcode:2017PhLB..767...29C. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.043. S2CID   118621993.
  7. ↑ https://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~mdiamond/MATHUSLA_seminar.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  8. ↑ Alidra, Maf; Alpigiani, Cristiano; Ball, Austin; Camarri, Paolo; Cardarelli, Roberto; Chou, John Paul; Curtin, David; Etzion, Erez; Garabaglu, Ali; Gomes, Brandon; Guida, Roberto; Kuykendall, W.; Kvam, Audrey; Lazic, Dragoslav; Lubatti, H.J.; Marsella, Giovanni; Mizrachi, Gilad; Policicchio, Antonio; Proffitt, Mason; Rothberg, Joe; Santonico, Rinaldo; Silver, Yiftah; Thayil, Steffie Ann; Torro-Pastor, Emma; Watts, Gordon; Young, Charles (2021). "The MATHUSLA test stand". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 985: 164661. arXiv: 2005.02018 . Bibcode:2021NIMPA.98564661A. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164661. S2CID   218502711.
  9. ↑ Ball, Austin; Brooke, Jim; Campagnari, Claudio; Albert De Roeck; Francis, Brian; Gastal, Martin; Golf, Frank; Goldstein, Joel; Haas, Andy; Hill, Christopher S.; Izaguirre, Eder; Kaplan, Benjamin; Magill, Gabriel; Marsh, Bennett; Miller, David; Prins, Theo; Shakeshaft, Harry; Stuart, David; Swiatlowski, Max; Yavin, Itay (2016). "A Letter of Intent to Install a milli-charged Particle Detector at LHC P5". arXiv: 1607.04669 [physics.ins-det].
  10. ↑ https://indico.cern.ch/event/706741/contributions/3017531/attachments/1667859/2674500/Haas_milliQan_PBC_cern_6-14-2018.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  11. ↑ Ball, A.; et al. (2020). "Search for millicharged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV". Physical Review D. 102 (3): 032002. arXiv: 2005.06518 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.032002. S2CID   218628786.
  12. ↑ Experiment's detail
  13. ↑ James Pinfold (2010). "The MoEDAL TDR". Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  14. ↑ James Pinfold (2010). "CERN Research Board Approves the MoEDAL Experiment". The MoEDAL Milestone Blog. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  15. ↑ CERN Courier, "MoEDAL becomes the LHC's magnificent seventh", 5 May 2010
  16. ↑ Experiment's detail
  17. ↑ Experiment's detail
  18. ↑ Cristina Agrigoroae (2019). "FASER: CERN approves new experiment to look for long-lived, exotic particles" . Retrieved 2019-03-07.
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