List of Major League Baseball players with a .400 batting average in a season

Last updated

Oscar Charleston Almendares.jpg
Ty Cobb LC-DIG-ggbain-08006 crop.jpg
Ed Delahanty.jpg
Rogers Hornsby 1928.jpg
Oscar Charleston, Ty Cobb, Ed Delahanty and Rogers Hornsby (left to right) are the only players to record a .400 batting average in three different seasons.

In baseball, batting average (AVG) is a measure of a batter's success rate in achieving a hit during an at bat, [1] and is calculated by dividing a player's hits by his at bats. [2] The achievement of a .400 batting average in a season was historically recognized as the coveted "standard of hitting excellence", [3] in light of how batting .300 in a season is already regarded as very good. [4] [5] There have been 50 officially-recognized instances of a player have recorded a batting average of at least .400 in a single Major League Baseball (MLB) season, [upper-alpha 1] but none have done so since 1943, when Josh Gibson of the Homestead Grays hit .466, the single-season record. In the National League, the last to do so was Bill Terry of the New York Giants in 1930. Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox is the last player to hit .400 in the American League. Four players – Ed Delahanty, Ty Cobb, Rogers Hornsby and Oscar Charleston – have accomplished the feat in three different seasons, [6] [7] Ross Barnes was the first player to bat .400 in a season, posting a .429 batting average in the National League's inaugural 1876 season. [8] [9]

Contents

In total, 36 players have reached the .400 mark in MLB history and seven have done so more than once. Of these, eighteen were left-handed batters, seventeen were right-handed, and one was a switch hitter, meaning they could bat from either side of the plate. Two of these players (Terry and Williams) played for only one major league team. The Philadelphia Phillies are the only franchise to have three players reach the milestone in the same season: Ed Delahanty, Billy Hamilton, Sam Thompson, all of whom Hall of Fame outfielders who attained a batting average over .400 during the 1894 season. The Homestead Grays are the only franchise with four players recording a .400 single-season batting average, albeit in different years: Joe Strong (1932), Josh Gibson (1937, 1943), Buck Leonard (1938) and David Whatley (1939) all hit .400 while playing for the Grays. Three players won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in the same year as their .400 season: Ty Cobb (1911), George Sisler (1922) and Rogers Hornsby (1925). [10] Rap Dixon, Tip O'Neill, Nap Lajoie, Josh Gibson (twice), Willie Wells, Mule Suttles, Oscar Charleston (twice), Heavy Johnson and Rogers Hornsby (twice) also earned the Triple Crown alongside achieving a .400 batting average, leading their respective leagues in batting average, home runs and runs batted in (RBI). [11] Shoeless Joe Jackson of the Cleveland Naps hit .408 in 1911, the highest batting average ever recorded by a rookie in the American League. Joe Strong has the lowest career batting average among players who have batted .400 in a season with .266, while Gibson – with .372 – recorded the highest career average in major league history. [12]

Given the decades that have elapsed since Gibson became the last player to achieve the feat and the integral changes to the way the game of baseball is played since then – such as the increased utilization of specialized relief pitchers [13] – a writer for The Washington Post called the mark "both mystical and unattainable". [14] Consequently, modern day attempts to reach the hallowed mark by Rod Carew (.388 in 1977), George Brett (.390 in 1980) and Tony Gwynn (.394 in the strike-shortened 1994 season) have generated considerable hype among fans and in the media. [15] [16] [17] Of the thirty-six players who have batted .400 in a season, twenty-one have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, two of which on the first ballot. [18] Five players are ineligible for not having played 10 seasons in their major league career, leaving only nine eligible .400 hitters not elected to the Hall of Fame. Shoeless Joe Jackson remains permanently ineligible for the Hall of Fame due to his ban from organized baseball in 1921 for his involvement in the Black Sox Scandal. [19] [20]

Players

Ross Barnes batted .429 in 1876, the first season in major league history. Ross Barnes 1872.jpg
Ross Barnes batted .429 in 1876, the first season in major league history.
Hugh Duffy set a National League record in 1894 that has never been matched with a .440 batting average. Hugh Duffy portrait.jpg
Hugh Duffy set a National League record in 1894 that has never been matched with a .440 batting average.
Nap Lajoie's .426 batting average in 1901 remains the highest in American League history. Nap Lajoie 1913.jpg
Nap Lajoie's .426 batting average in 1901 remains the highest in American League history.
Shoeless Joe Jackson batted .408 in 1911, the highest mark ever set by a rookie in the American League. Shoeless Joe Jackson.jpg
Shoeless Joe Jackson batted .408 in 1911, the highest mark ever set by a rookie in the American League.
Josh Gibson is the most recent player to hit .400 in a season, batting a record .466 in 1943. Josh Gibson 1931c.jpg
Josh Gibson is the most recent player to hit .400 in a season, batting a record .466 in 1943.
Key
YearThe year of the player's .400 season
Player(X)Name of the player and number of .400 seasons they had at that point
TeamThe player's team for his .400 season
NL National League
AL American League
AA American Association
UA Union Association
NN2 Negro National League
ANL American Negro League
NAL Negro American League
ECL Eastern Colored League
EWL East-West League
AVGThe player's batting average in that season [upper-alpha 2]
Career AVGThe player's batting average in his MLB career [upper-alpha 2]
§Denotes batting average that was part of a Triple Crown season
Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
MLB players who have batted .400 in a season
YearPlayerTeamLeagueAVGCareer AVGRef
1876 Ross Barnes Chicago White Stockings NL [21]
1884 Fred Dunlap St. Louis Maroons UA [22]
1887 Tip O'Neill St. Louis Browns AA [23]
1887 Pete Browning Louisville Colonels AA [24]
1894 Hugh Duffy Boston Beaneaters NL [25]
1894 Sam Thompson Philadelphia Phillies NL [26]
1894 Ed Delahanty Philadelphia Phillies NL [27]
1894 Billy Hamilton Philadelphia Phillies NL [28]
1895 Jesse Burkett Cleveland Spiders NL [29]
1895 Ed Delahanty (2) Philadelphia Phillies NL [27]
1896 Jesse Burkett (2) Cleveland Spiders NL [29]
1896 Hughie Jennings Baltimore Orioles NL [30]
1897 Willie Keeler Baltimore Orioles NL [31]
1899 Ed Delahanty (3) Philadelphia Phillies NL [27]
1901 Nap Lajoie Philadelphia Athletics AL [32]
1911 Ty Cobb Detroit Tigers AL [33]
1911 Shoeless Joe Jackson Cleveland Naps AL [34]
1912 Ty Cobb (2) Detroit Tigers AL [33]
1920 George Sisler St. Louis Browns AL [35]
1921 Charlie Blackwell St. Louis Giants NNL [36]
1921 Oscar Charleston St. Louis Stars NNL [37]
1922 Heavy Johnson Kansas City Monarchs NNL [38]
1922 George Sisler (2) St. Louis Browns AL [35]
1922 Rogers Hornsby St. Louis Cardinals NL [39]
1922 Ty Cobb (3) Detroit Tigers AL [33]
1923 Heavy Johnson (2) Kansas City Monarchs NNL [40]
1923 Biz Mackey Hilldale Club ECL [41]
1923 Harry Heilmann Detroit Tigers AL [42]
1924 Rogers Hornsby (2) St. Louis Cardinals NL [39]
1924 Oscar Charleston (2) Harrisburg Giants ECL [37]
1925 John Beckwith Baltimore Black Sox ECL [43]
1925 Oscar Charleston (3) Harrisburg Giants ECL [37]
1925 Rogers Hornsby (3) St. Louis Cardinals NL [39]
1925 Edgar Wesley Detroit Stars NNL [44]
1926 Mule Suttles St. Louis Stars NNL [45]
1927 Red Parnell Birmingham Black Barons NNL [46]
1927 Jud Wilson Baltimore Black Sox / New York Lincoln Giants ECL [47]
1928 Rap Dixon Baltimore Black Sox ECL [48]
1929 Rap Dixon (2) Baltimore Black Sox ANL [49]
1929 Chino Smith New York Lincoln Giants ANL [50]
1929 Jud Wilson (2) Baltimore Black Sox ANL [51]
1930 Willie Wells St. Louis Stars NNL [52]
1930 Bill Terry New York Giants NL [53]
1932 Joe Strong Homestead Grays EWL [54]
1937 Josh Gibson Homestead Grays NN2 [55]
1938 Buck Leonard Homestead Grays NN2 [56]
1939 Bill Hoskins Baltimore Elite Giants NN2 [57]
1939 David Whatley Cleveland Bears / Homestead Grays ANL / NN2 [58]
1941 Ted Williams Boston Red Sox AL [59]
1943 Josh Gibson (2) Homestead Grays NN2 [60]

See also

Notes

  1. All officially-recognized seasons must meet MLB's standards for plate appearances in order to qualify.
  2. 1 2 Expressed to three significant figures.
  1. The Union Association did not track RBI during its single-season existence. Dunlap led the league in both batting average and home runs.

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