List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders

Last updated

Walter Johnson holds the record with 12 different seasons that he was a strikeout leader, including 8 consecutive from 1912 through 1919. Johnson was one of the five charter members of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Walter Johnson 1924.jpg
Walter Johnson holds the record with 12 different seasons that he was a strikeout leader, including 8 consecutive from 1912 through 1919. Johnson was one of the five charter members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.

In baseball, the strikeout is a statistic used to evaluate pitchers. A pitcher earns a strikeout when he puts out the batter he is facing by throwing a ball through the strike zone, "defined as that area over homeplate (sic) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants, and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap", [2] which is not put in play. Strikeouts are awarded in four situations: if the batter is put out on a third strike caught by the catcher (to "strike out swinging" or "strike out looking"); if the pitcher throws a third strike which is not caught with fewer than two outs; if the batter becomes a baserunner on an uncaught third strike; or if the batter bunts the ball into foul territory with two strikes. [3]

Contents

Major League Baseball recognizes the player or players in each league [a] with the most strikeouts each season. Jim Devlin led the National League in its inaugural season of 1876; he threw 122 strikeouts for the Louisville Grays. [4] The American League's first winner was Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who captured the American League Triple Crown in 1901 by striking out 158 batters, along with leading the league in wins and earned run average. [5] Walter Johnson led the American League in strikeouts twelve times during his Hall of Fame career, most among all players. [6] He is followed by Nolan Ryan, who captured eleven titles between both leagues (nine in the American League and two in the National League). [7] Randy Johnson won nine strikeout titles, five coming with the Arizona Diamondbacks. [8] Three players have won seven strikeout championships: Dazzy Vance, who leads the National League; [9] Bob Feller; [10] and Lefty Grove. [11] Grover Cleveland Alexander and Rube Waddell led their league six times, [12] [13] and five-time winners include Steve Carlton, [14] Roger Clemens, [15] Sam McDowell, [16] Christy Mathewson, [17] Amos Rusie, [18] and Tom Seaver. [19]

There are several players with a claim to the single-season strikeout record. Among recognized major leagues, Matt Kilroy accumulated the highest single-season total, with 513 strikeouts for the Baltimore Orioles of the American Association in 1886. [20] However, his name does not appear on Major League Baseball's single-season leaders list, [21] since the American Association was independent of the constituent leagues that currently make up Major League Baseball. [22] Several other players with high totals, including 1886 American Association runner-up Toad Ramsey (499) [23] and 1884 Union Association leader Hugh Daily (483), do not appear either. [24] In the National League, Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn struck out 441 batters for the Providence Grays; [25] however, the Providence franchise folded after the 1885 season and has no successor. [26] Therefore, Major League Baseball recognizes his runner-up from that season, Charlie Buffinton, as the record-holder with 417 strikeouts. [21] In the American League, Ryan leads with 383 strikeouts in 1973. [7] The largest margin of victory for a champion is 156 strikeouts, achieved in 1883 when Tim Keefe of the American Association's New York Metropolitans posted 359 against Bobby Mathews' 203. [27] The National League's largest margin was achieved in 1999, when Randy Johnson struck out 143 more batters than Kevin Brown. [28] Ryan's 1973 margin of 125 strikeouts over Bert Blyleven is the best American League victory. [29] Although ties for the championship are rare, they have occurred; Claude Passeau and Bucky Walters each struck out 137 National League batters in 1939, [30] and Tex Hughson and Bobo Newsom tied in the American League with 113 strikeouts each in 1942. [31] Their total is the lowest number of strikeouts accumulated to lead a league in Major League Baseball history (although Jacob deGrom only struck out 104 National League batters in 2020, the season was shortened by a pandemic to 60 game, or 37.04% of a regular season; had that season run a full 162 games, that would have been a net of 281 strikeouts).

Key

YearLinks to the corresponding "year in baseball" or "Major League Baseball season" article
LeaderPlayer with the highest number of strikeouts in the league
KNumber of strikeouts [b]
Runner-upPlayer with the second-best strikeout total in the league
LeagueDenoted only for players outside of the modern major leagues
Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

National League

Tommy Bond won the triple crown in 1877, leading the National League in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average. Tommy bond baseball.jpg
Tommy Bond won the triple crown in 1877, leading the National League in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average.
Grover Cleveland Alexander led the National League in strikeouts six times in nine seasons. GC Alexander retouched.jpg
Grover Cleveland Alexander led the National League in strikeouts six times in nine seasons.
Amos Rusie led the National League in strikeouts a total of five times with two different teams. AmosRusiecrop.jpg
Amos Rusie led the National League in strikeouts a total of five times with two different teams.
From 1903 to 1908, Christy Mathewson led the National League in strikeouts in five of six years. Christy Mathewson2.jpg
From 1903 to 1908, Christy Mathewson led the National League in strikeouts in five of six years.
Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax led the National League in strikeouts four times before retiring at the age of 30. Sandy Koufax.jpg
Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax led the National League in strikeouts four times before retiring at the age of 30.
Aaron Harang defeated Jake Peavy for the strikeout title in 2006 by one strikeout. Aaron Harang signing autograph.JPG
Aaron Harang defeated Jake Peavy for the strikeout title in 2006 by one strikeout.
Jake Peavy's 240 strikeouts in 2007 led all National League pitchers. Peavy also won the pitching triple crown the same year. Jake Peavy 03.jpg
Jake Peavy's 240 strikeouts in 2007 led all National League pitchers. Peavy also won the pitching triple crown the same year.
Tim Lincecum led the National League in strikeouts in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Tim Lincecum 2009.jpg
Tim Lincecum led the National League in strikeouts in 2008, 2009 and 2010.
YearLeaderKTeamRunner-upKRef
1876 Jim Devlin 122 Louisville Grays George Bradley 103 [33]
1877 Tommy Bond 170 Boston Red Caps Jim Devlin 141 [34]
1878 Tommy Bond 182 Boston Red Caps Will White 169 [35]
1879 John Montgomery Ward 239 Providence Grays Will White 232 [36]
1880 Larry Corcoran 268 Chicago White Stockings Jim McCormick 260 [37]
1881 George Derby 212 Detroit Wolverines Jim McCormick 178 [38]
1882 Charles Radbourn 201 Providence Grays Jim McCormick 200 [39]
1883 Jim Whitney 345 Boston Beaneaters Charles Radbourn 315 [40]
1884 Charles Radbourn 441 Providence Grays Charlie Buffinton 417 [41]
1885 John Clarkson 308 Chicago White Stockings Mickey Welch 258 [42]
1886 Lady Baldwin 323 Detroit Wolverines John Clarkson 313 [43]
1887 John Clarkson 237 Chicago White Stockings Tim Keefe 189 [44]
1888 Tim Keefe 335 New York Giants John Clarkson 223 [45]
1889 John Clarkson 284 Boston Beaneaters Tim Keefe 225 [46]
1890 Amos Rusie 341 New York Giants Bill Hutchison 289 [47]
1891 Amos Rusie 337 New York Giants Bill Hutchison 261 [48]
1892 Bill Hutchison 314 Chicago White Stockings
Amos Rusie 304 [49]
1893 Amos Rusie 208 New York Giants Brickyard Kennedy 107 [50]
1894 Amos Rusie 195 New York Giants Ted Breitenstein 140 [51]
1895 Amos Rusie 201 New York Giants Kid Nichols 148 [52]
1896 Cy Young 140 Cleveland Spiders Pink Hawley 137 [53]
1897 Doc McJames
Cy Seymour
156 Washington Senators
New York Giants
Joe Corbett 149 [54]
1898 Cy Seymour 239 New York Giants Doc McJames 178 [55]
1899 Noodles Hahn 145 Cincinnati Reds Cy Seymour 142 [56]
1900 Noodles Hahn 132 Cincinnati Reds Rube Waddell 130 [57]
1901 Noodles Hahn 239 Cincinnati Reds Bill Donovan 226 [58]
1902 Vic Willis 225 Boston Beaneaters Doc White 185 [59]
1903 Christy Mathewson 267 New York Giants Joe McGinnity 171 [60]
1904 Christy Mathewson 212 New York Giants Vic Willis 196 [61]
1905 Christy Mathewson 206 New York Giants Red Ames 198 [62]
1906 Fred Beebe 171 Chicago Cubs
St. Louis Cardinals
Francis "Big Jeff" Pfeffer 158 [63]
1907 Christy Mathewson 178 New York Giants Bob Ewing 147 [64]
1908 Christy Mathewson 259 New York Giants Nap Rucker 199 [65]
1909 Orval Overall 205 Chicago Cubs Nap Rucker 201 [66]
1910 Earl Moore 185 Philadelphia Phillies Christy Mathewson 184 [67]
1911 Rube Marquard 237 New York Giants Grover Cleveland Alexander 227 [68]
1912 Grover Cleveland Alexander 195 Philadelphia Phillies Claude Hendrix 176 [69]
1913 Tom Seaton 168 Philadelphia Phillies Jeff Tesreau 167 [70]
1914 Grover Cleveland Alexander 214 Philadelphia Phillies Jeff Tesreau 189 [71]
1915 Grover Cleveland Alexander 241 Philadelphia Phillies Jeff Tesreau 176 [72]
1916 Grover Cleveland Alexander 167 Philadelphia Phillies Larry Cheney 166 [73]
1917 Grover Cleveland Alexander 200 Philadelphia Phillies Hippo Vaughn 195 [74]
1918 Hippo Vaughn 148 Chicago Cubs Wilbur Cooper 117 [75]
1919 Hippo Vaughn 141 Chicago Cubs Hod Eller 137 [76]
1920 Grover Cleveland Alexander 173 Chicago Cubs Burleigh Grimes
Hippo Vaughn
131 [77]
1921 Burleigh Grimes 136 Brooklyn Robins Wilbur Cooper 134 [78]
1922 Dazzy Vance 134 Brooklyn Robins Wilbur Cooper 129 [79]
1923 Dazzy Vance 197 Brooklyn Robins Dolf Luque 151 [80]
1924 Dazzy Vance 262 Brooklyn Robins Burleigh Grimes 135 [81]
1925 Dazzy Vance 221 Brooklyn Robins Dolf Luque 140 [82]
1926 Dazzy Vance 140 Brooklyn Robins Charlie Root 127 [83]
1927 Dazzy Vance 184 Brooklyn Robins Charlie Root 145 [84]
1928 Dazzy Vance 200 Brooklyn Robins Pat Malone 155 [85]
1929 Pat Malone 166 Chicago Cubs Watty Clark 140 [86]
1930 Bill Hallahan 177 St. Louis Cardinals Dazzy Vance 173 [87]
1931 Bill Hallahan 159 St. Louis Cardinals Carl Hubbell 155 [88]
1932 Dizzy Dean 191 St. Louis Cardinals Carl Hubbell 137 [89]
1933 Dizzy Dean 199 St. Louis Cardinals Carl Hubbell 156 [90]
1934 Dizzy Dean 195 St. Louis Cardinals Van Mungo 184 [91]
1935 Dizzy Dean 190 St. Louis Cardinals Carl Hubbell 150 [92]
1936 Van Mungo 238 Brooklyn Dodgers Dizzy Dean 195 [93]
1937 Carl Hubbell 159 New York Giants Lee Grissom 149 [94]
1938 Clay Bryant 135 Chicago Cubs Paul Derringer 132 [95]
1939 Claude Passeau [c]
Bucky Walters [c]
137 Cincinnati Reds
Philadelphia Phillies
Chicago Cubs
Mort Cooper 130 [30]
1940 Kirby Higbe 137 Philadelphia Phillies Claude Passeau
Whit Wyatt
124 [96]
1941 Johnny Vander Meer 202 Cincinnati Reds Whit Wyatt 176 [97]
1942 Johnny Vander Meer 186 Cincinnati Reds Mort Cooper 152 [98]
1943 Johnny Vander Meer 174 Cincinnati Reds Mort Cooper 141 [99]
1944 Bill Voiselle 161 New York Giants Max Lanier 141 [100]
1945 Preacher Roe 148 Pittsburgh Pirates Hal Gregg 139 [101]
1946 Johnny Schmitz 135 Chicago Cubs Kirby Higbe 134 [102]
1947 Ewell Blackwell 193 Cincinnati Reds Ralph Branca 148 [103]
1948 Harry Brecheen 149 St. Louis Cardinals Rex Barney 138 [104]
1949 Warren Spahn 151 Boston Braves Don Newcombe 149 [105]
1950 Warren Spahn 191 Boston Braves Ewell Blackwell 188 [106]
1951 Don Newcombe
Warren Spahn
164 Brooklyn Dodgers
Boston Braves
Sal Maglie 146 [107]
1952 Warren Spahn 183 Boston Braves Bob Rush 157 [108]
1953 Robin Roberts 198 Philadelphia Phillies Carl Erskine 187 [109]
1954 Robin Roberts 185 Philadelphia Phillies Harvey Haddix 184 [110]
1955 Sam Jones 198 Chicago Cubs Robin Roberts 160 [111]
1956 Sam Jones 176 Chicago Cubs Harvey Haddix 170 [112]
1957 Jack Sanford 188 Philadelphia Phillies Moe Drabowsky
Dick Drott
170 [113]
1958 Sam Jones 225 St. Louis Cardinals Warren Spahn 150 [114]
1959 Don Drysdale 242 Los Angeles Dodgers Sam Jones 209 [115]
1960 Don Drysdale 246 Los Angeles Dodgers Sandy Koufax 197 [116]
1961 Sandy Koufax 269 Los Angeles Dodgers Stan Williams 205 [117]
1962 Don Drysdale 232 Los Angeles Dodgers Sandy Koufax 219 [118]
1963 Sandy Koufax 306 Los Angeles Dodgers Jim Maloney 265 [119]
1964 Bob Veale 250 Pittsburgh Pirates Bob Gibson 245 [120]
1965 Sandy Koufax 382 Los Angeles Dodgers Bob Veale 276 [121]
1966 Sandy Koufax 317 Los Angeles Dodgers Jim Bunning 252 [122]
1967 Jim Bunning 253 Philadelphia Phillies Ferguson Jenkins 236 [123]
1968 Bob Gibson 268 St. Louis Cardinals Ferguson Jenkins 260 [124]
1969 Ferguson Jenkins 273 Chicago Cubs Bob Gibson 269 [125]
1970 Tom Seaver 283 New York Mets Bob Gibson
Ferguson Jenkins
274 [126]
1971 Tom Seaver 289 New York Mets Ferguson Jenkins 263 [127]
1972 Steve Carlton 310 Philadelphia Phillies Tom Seaver 249 [128]
1973 Tom Seaver 251 New York Mets Steve Carlton 223 [129]
1974 Steve Carlton 240 Philadelphia Phillies Andy Messersmith 221 [130]
1975 Tom Seaver 243 New York Mets John Montefusco 215 [131]
1976 Tom Seaver 235 New York Mets J. R. Richard 214 [132]
1977 Phil Niekro 262 Atlanta Braves J. R. Richard 214 [133]
1978 J. R. Richard 303 Houston Astros Phil Niekro 248 [134]
1979 J. R. Richard 313 Houston Astros Steve Carlton 213 [135]
1980 Steve Carlton 286 Philadelphia Phillies Nolan Ryan 200 [136]
1981 Fernando Valenzuela 180 Los Angeles Dodgers Steve Carlton 179 [137]
1982 Steve Carlton 286 Philadelphia Phillies Mario Soto 274 [138]
1983 Steve Carlton 275 Philadelphia Phillies Mario Soto 242 [139]
1984 Dwight Gooden 276 New York Mets Fernando Valenzuela 240 [140]
1985 Dwight Gooden 268 New York Mets Mario Soto 214 [141]
1986 Mike Scott 306 Houston Astros Fernando Valenzuela 242 [142]
1987 Nolan Ryan 270 Houston Astros Mike Scott 233 [143]
1988 Nolan Ryan 228 Houston Astros David Cone 213 [144]
1989 José DeLeón 201 St. Louis Cardinals Tim Belcher 200 [145]
1990 David Cone 233 New York Mets Dwight Gooden
Ramón Martínez
223 [146]
1991 David Cone 241 New York Mets Greg Maddux 198 [147]
1992 John Smoltz 215 Atlanta Braves David Cone 214 [148]
1993 José Rijo 227 Cincinnati Reds John Smoltz 208 [149]
1994 Andy Benes 189 San Diego Padres José Rijo 171 [150]
1995 Hideo Nomo 236 Los Angeles Dodgers John Smoltz 193 [151]
1996 John Smoltz 276 Atlanta Braves Hideo Nomo 234 [152]
1997 Curt Schilling 319 Philadelphia Phillies Pedro Martínez 305 [153]
1998 Curt Schilling 300 Philadelphia Phillies Kevin Brown 257 [154]
1999 Randy Johnson 364 Arizona Diamondbacks Kevin Brown 221 [28]
2000 Randy Johnson 347 Arizona Diamondbacks Chan Ho Park 217 [155]
2001 Randy Johnson 372 Arizona Diamondbacks Curt Schilling 293 [156]
2002 Randy Johnson 334 Arizona Diamondbacks Curt Schilling 316 [157]
2003 Kerry Wood 266 Chicago Cubs Mark Prior 245 [158]
2004 Randy Johnson 290 Arizona Diamondbacks Ben Sheets 264 [159]
2005 Jake Peavy 216 San Diego Padres Chris Carpenter 213 [160]
2006 Aaron Harang 216 Cincinnati Reds Jake Peavy 215 [161]
2007 Jake Peavy 240 San Diego Padres Aaron Harang 218 [162]
2008 Tim Lincecum 265 San Francisco Giants Dan Haren
Johan Santana
Edinson Vólquez
206 [163]
2009 Tim Lincecum 261 San Francisco Giants Javier Vázquez 238 [164]
2010 Tim Lincecum 231 San Francisco Giants Roy Halladay 219 [165]
2011 Clayton Kershaw 248 Los Angeles Dodgers Cliff Lee 238 [166]
2012 R. A. Dickey 230 New York Mets Clayton Kershaw 229 [167]
2013 Clayton Kershaw 232 Los Angeles Dodgers Cliff Lee 222 [168]
2014 Johnny Cueto
Stephen Strasburg
242 Cincinnati Reds
Washington Nationals
Clayton Kershaw 239 [169]
2015 Clayton Kershaw 301 Los Angeles Dodgers Max Scherzer 276 [170]
2016 Max Scherzer 284 Washington Nationals José Fernández 253 [171]
2017 Max Scherzer 268 Washington Nationals Jacob deGrom 239 [172]
2018 Max Scherzer 300 Washington Nationals Jacob deGrom 269 [173]
2019 Jacob deGrom 255 New York Mets Stephen Strasburg 251 [174]
2020 Jacob deGrom 104 New York Mets Trevor Bauer 100 [175]
2021 Zack Wheeler 247 Philadelphia Phillies Max Scherzer 236 [176]
2022 Corbin Burnes 238 Milwaukee Brewers Carlos Rodon 237 [177]
2023 Spencer Strider 281 Atlanta Braves Blake Snell 234 [178]

American League

Rube Waddell led the American League in strikeouts for six consecutive seasons (1902-1907). Waddell.jpg
Rube Waddell led the American League in strikeouts for six consecutive seasons (19021907).
In 1908 and 1911, Ed Walsh was the American League strikeout champion. Ed Walsh portrait 1911.jpg
In 1908 and 1911, Ed Walsh was the American League strikeout champion.
In 1959 and 1960, Jim Bunning led the American League in strikeouts; he finished in second place four times. Jim Bunning as ballplayer.jpg
In 1959 and 1960, Jim Bunning led the American League in strikeouts; he finished in second place four times.
Nolan Ryan has 5,714 career strikeouts, the most in Major League history. His 11 seasons as a strikeout leader - second only to the 12 of Walter Johnson - includes nine seasons, between 1972 and 1990, as the American League strikeout leader. Nolan Ryan in Atlanta close-up.jpg
Nolan Ryan has 5,714 career strikeouts, the most in Major League history. His 11 seasons as a strikeout leader second only to the 12 of Walter Johnson includes nine seasons, between 1972 and 1990, as the American League strikeout leader.
Three-time strikeout champion Johan Santana won the American League's last pitching triple crown in 2006. Johan Santana 20060602.jpg
Three-time strikeout champion Johan Santana won the American League's last pitching triple crown in 2006.
Scott Kazmir's 239 strikeouts led the American League in 2007. SKazmirRays.jpg
Scott Kazmir's 239 strikeouts led the American League in 2007.
A. J. Burnett won the American League strikeout title in 2008. A-j-burnett-may-22-2008.JPG
A. J. Burnett won the American League strikeout title in 2008.
Justin Verlander also led the American League in wins and innings pitched in 2009. Verlander warms up.jpg
Justin Verlander also led the American League in wins and innings pitched in 2009.
YearLeaderKTeamRunner-upKRef
1901 Cy Young 158 Boston Americans Roy Patterson 127 [182]
1902 Rube Waddell 210 Philadelphia Athletics Cy Young 160 [183]
1903 Rube Waddell 302 Philadelphia Athletics Bill Donovan 187 [184]
1904 Rube Waddell 349 Philadelphia Athletics Jack Chesbro 239 [185]
1905 Rube Waddell 287 Philadelphia Athletics Eddie Plank
Cy Young
210 [186]
1906 Rube Waddell 196 Philadelphia Athletics Cy Falkenberg 178 [187]
1907 Rube Waddell 232 Philadelphia Athletics Ed Walsh 206 [188]
1908 Ed Walsh 269 Chicago White Sox Rube Waddell 232 [189]
1909 Frank Smith 177 Chicago White Sox Walter Johnson 164 [190]
1910 Walter Johnson 313 Washington Senators Ed Walsh 258 [191]
1911 Ed Walsh 255 Chicago White Sox Joe Wood 231 [192]
1912 Walter Johnson 303 Washington Senators Joe Wood 258 [193]
1913 Walter Johnson 243 Washington Senators Cy Falkenberg
Vean Gregg
166 [194]
1914 Walter Johnson 225 Washington Senators Willie Mitchell 179 [195]
1915 Walter Johnson 203 Washington Senators Red Faber 182 [196]
1916 Walter Johnson 228 Washington Senators Elmer Myers 182 [197]
1917 Walter Johnson 188 Washington Senators Eddie Cicotte 150 [198]
1918 Walter Johnson 162 Washington Senators Jim Shaw 129 [199]
1919 Walter Johnson 147 Washington Senators Jim Shaw 128 [200]
1920 Stan Coveleski 133 Cleveland Indians Lefty Williams 128 [201]
1921 Walter Johnson 143 Washington Senators Urban Shocker 132 [202]
1922 Urban Shocker 149 St. Louis Browns Red Faber 148 [203]
1923 Walter Johnson 130 Washington Senators Joe Bush
Bob Shawkey
125 [204]
1924 Walter Johnson 158 Washington Senators Howard Ehmke 119 [205]
1925 Lefty Grove 116 Philadelphia Athletics Walter Johnson 108 [206]
1926 Lefty Grove 194 Philadelphia Athletics George Uhle 159 [207]
1927 Lefty Grove 174 Philadelphia Athletics Rube Walberg 136 [208]
1928 Lefty Grove 183 Philadelphia Athletics George Pipgras 139 [209]
1929 Lefty Grove 170 Philadelphia Athletics George Earnshaw 149 [210]
1930 Lefty Grove 209 Philadelphia Athletics George Earnshaw 193 [211]
1931 Lefty Grove 175 Philadelphia Athletics George Earnshaw 152 [212]
1932 Red Ruffing 190 New York Yankees Lefty Grove 188 [213]
1933 Lefty Gomez 163 New York Yankees Bump Hadley 149 [214]
1934 Lefty Gomez 158 New York Yankees Tommy Bridges 151 [215]
1935 Tommy Bridges 163 Detroit Tigers Schoolboy Rowe 140 [216]
1936 Tommy Bridges 175 Detroit Tigers Johnny Allen 165 [217]
1937 Lefty Gomez 194 New York Yankees Bobo Newsom 166 [218]
1938 Bob Feller 240 Cleveland Indians Bobo Newsom 226 [219]
1939 Bob Feller 246 Cleveland Indians Bobo Newsom 192 [220]
1940 Bob Feller 261 Cleveland Indians Bobo Newsom 164 [221]
1941 Bob Feller 260 Cleveland Indians Bobo Newsom 175 [222]
1942 Tex Hughson
Bobo Newsom
113 Boston Red Sox
Washington Senators
Al Benton
Phil Marchildon
110 [31]
1943 Allie Reynolds 151 Cleveland Indians Hal Newhouser 144 [223]
1944 Hal Newhouser 187 Detroit Tigers Dizzy Trout 144 [224]
1945 Hal Newhouser 212 Detroit Tigers Nels Potter 129 [225]
1946 Bob Feller 348 Cleveland Indians Hal Newhouser 275 [226]
1947 Bob Feller 196 Cleveland Indians Hal Newhouser 176 [227]
1948 Bob Feller 164 Cleveland Indians Bob Lemon 147 [228]
1949 Virgil Trucks 153 Detroit Tigers Hal Newhouser 144 [229]
1950 Bob Lemon 170 Cleveland Indians Allie Reynolds 160 [230]
1951 Vic Raschi 164 New York Yankees Early Wynn 133 [231]
1952 Allie Reynolds 160 New York Yankees Early Wynn 153 [232]
1953 Billy Pierce 186 Chicago White Sox Virgil Trucks 149 [233]
1954 Bob Turley 185 Baltimore Orioles Early Wynn 155 [234]
1955 Herb Score 245 Cleveland Indians Bob Turley 210 [235]
1956 Herb Score 263 Cleveland Indians Billy Pierce 192 [236]
1957 Early Wynn 184 Cleveland Indians Jim Bunning 182 [237]
1958 Early Wynn 179 Chicago White Sox Jim Bunning 177 [238]
1959 Jim Bunning 201 Detroit Tigers Camilo Pascual 185 [239]
1960 Jim Bunning 201 Detroit Tigers Pedro Ramos 160 [240]
1961 Camilo Pascual 221 Minnesota Twins Whitey Ford 209 [241]
1962 Camilo Pascual 206 Minnesota Twins Jim Bunning 184 [242]
1963 Camilo Pascual 202 Minnesota Twins Jim Bunning 196 [243]
1964 Al Downing 217 New York Yankees Camilo Pascual 213 [244]
1965 Sam McDowell 325 Cleveland Indians Mickey Lolich 226 [245]
1966 Sam McDowell 225 Cleveland Indians Jim Kaat 205 [246]
1967 Jim Lonborg 246 Boston Red Sox Sam McDowell 236 [247]
1968 Sam McDowell 283 Cleveland Indians Denny McLain 280 [248]
1969 Sam McDowell 279 Cleveland Indians Mickey Lolich 271 [249]
1970 Sam McDowell 304 Cleveland Indians Mickey Lolich 230 [250]
1971 Mickey Lolich 308 Detroit Tigers Vida Blue 301 [251]
1972 Nolan Ryan 329 California Angels Mickey Lolich 250 [252]
1973 Nolan Ryan 383 California Angels Bert Blyleven 258 [29]
1974 Nolan Ryan 367 California Angels Bert Blyleven 249 [253]
1975 Frank Tanana 269 California Angels Bert Blyleven
Gaylord Perry
233 [254]
1976 Nolan Ryan 327 California Angels Frank Tanana 261 [255]
1977 Nolan Ryan 341 California Angels Dennis Leonard 244 [256]
1978 Nolan Ryan 260 California Angels Ron Guidry 248 [257]
1979 Nolan Ryan 223 California Angels Ron Guidry 201 [258]
1980 Len Barker 187 Cleveland Indians Mike Norris 180 [259]
1981 Len Barker 127 Cleveland Indians Britt Burns 108 [260]
1982 Floyd Bannister 209 Seattle Mariners Len Barker 187 [261]
1983 Jack Morris 232 Detroit Tigers Floyd Bannister 193 [262]
1984 Mark Langston 204 Seattle Mariners Dave Stieb 198 [263]
1985 Bert Blyleven 206 Cleveland Indians
Minnesota Twins
Floyd Bannister 198 [264]
1986 Mark Langston 245 Seattle Mariners Roger Clemens 238 [265]
1987 Mark Langston 262 Seattle Mariners Roger Clemens 256 [266]
1988 Roger Clemens 291 Boston Red Sox Mark Langston 235 [267]
1989 Nolan Ryan 301 Texas Rangers Roger Clemens 230 [268]
1990 Nolan Ryan 232 Texas Rangers Bobby Witt 221 [269]
1991 Roger Clemens 241 Boston Red Sox Randy Johnson 228 [270]
1992 Randy Johnson 241 Seattle Mariners Mélido Pérez 218 [271]
1993 Randy Johnson 308 Seattle Mariners Mark Langston 196 [272]
1994 Randy Johnson 204 Seattle Mariners Roger Clemens 168 [273]
1995 Randy Johnson 294 Seattle Mariners Todd Stottlemyre 205 [274]
1996 Roger Clemens 257 Boston Red Sox Chuck Finley 215 [275]
1997 Roger Clemens 292 Toronto Blue Jays Randy Johnson 291 [276]
1998 Roger Clemens 271 Toronto Blue Jays Pedro Martínez 251 [277]
1999 Pedro Martínez 313 Boston Red Sox Chuck Finley 200 [278]
2000 Pedro Martínez 284 Boston Red Sox Bartolo Colón 212 [279]
2001 Hideo Nomo 220 Boston Red Sox Mike Mussina 214 [280]
2002 Pedro Martínez 239 Boston Red Sox Roger Clemens 192 [281]
2003 Esteban Loaiza 207 Chicago White Sox Pedro Martínez 206 [282]
2004 Johan Santana 265 Minnesota Twins Pedro Martínez 227 [283]
2005 Johan Santana 238 Minnesota Twins Randy Johnson 211 [284]
2006 Johan Santana 245 Minnesota Twins Jeremy Bonderman 202 [180]
2007 Scott Kazmir 239 Tampa Bay Devil Rays Johan Santana 235 [285]
2008 A. J. Burnett 231 Toronto Blue Jays Ervin Santana 214 [286]
2009 Justin Verlander 269 Detroit Tigers Zack Greinke 242 [287]
2010 Jered Weaver 233 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Félix Hernández 232 [288]
2011 Justin Verlander 250 Detroit Tigers CC Sabathia 230 [289]
2012 Justin Verlander 239 Detroit Tigers Max Scherzer 231 [290]
2013 Yu Darvish 277 Texas Rangers Max Scherzer 240 [291]
2014 David Price 271 Tampa Bay Rays
Detroit Tigers
Corey Kluber 269 [292]
2015 Chris Sale 274 Chicago White Sox Chris Archer 252 [293]
2016 Justin Verlander 254 Detroit Tigers Chris Archer
Chris Sale
233 [294]
2017 Chris Sale 308 Boston Red Sox Corey Kluber 265 [295]
2018 Justin Verlander 290 Houston Astros Gerrit Cole 276 [296]
2019 Gerrit Cole 326 Houston Astros Justin Verlander 300 [297]
2020 Shane Bieber 122 Cleveland Indians Lucas Giolito 97 [298]
2021 Robbie Ray 248 Toronto Blue Jays Gerrit Cole 243 [299]
2022 Gerrit Cole 257 New York Yankees Dylan Cease 227 [300]
2023 Kevin Gausman 237 Toronto Blue Jays Pablo López 234 [301]

Other major leagues

Matt Kilroy's 513 strikeouts in 1886 is the most in a single season by a pitcher among modern recognized major leagues. KilroyMatt01.jpg
Matt Kilroy's 513 strikeouts in 1886 is the most in a single season by a pitcher among modern recognized major leagues.
YearLeaderKTeamLeagueRunner-upKRef
1882 Tony Mullane 170 Louisville Eclipse American Association Harry Salisbury 135 [302]
1883 Tim Keefe 359 New York Metropolitans American Association Bobby Mathews 203 [27]
1884 Guy Hecker 385 Louisville Eclipse American Association Hardie Henderson 346 [303]
1884 Hugh Daily 483 Chicago Browns
Washington Nationals
Union Association Bill Sweeney 374 [304]
1885 Ed Morris 298 Pittsburgh Alleghenys American Association Bobby Mathews 286 [305]
1886 Matt Kilroy 513 Baltimore Orioles American Association Toad Ramsey 499 [306]
1887 Toad Ramsey 355 Louisville Eclipse American Association Matt Kilroy 217 [307]
1888 Ed Seward 272 Philadelphia Athletics American Association Silver King 258 [308]
1889 Mark Baldwin 368 Columbus Solons American Association Matt Kilroy 217 [309]
1890 Sadie McMahon 291 Philadelphia Athletics
Baltimore Orioles
American Association Jack Stivetts 289 [310]
1890 Mark Baldwin 206 Chicago Pirates Players' League Silver King 185 [311]
1891 Jack Stivetts 259 St. Louis Browns American Association Phil Knell 228 [312]
1914 Cy Falkenberg 236 Indianapolis Hoosiers Federal League Earl Moseley 205 [313]
1915 Dave Davenport 229 St. Louis Terriers Federal League Al Schulz 160 [314]

Footnotes

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro Martínez</span> Dominican-American baseball pitcher

Pedro Jaime Martínez is a Dominican-American former professional baseball starting pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1992 to 2009, for five teams—most notably the Boston Red Sox from 1998 to 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nolan Ryan</span> American baseball player

Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr., nicknamed "the Ryan Express", is an American former professional baseball pitcher and sports executive. Over a record 27-year playing career in Major League Baseball (MLB), Ryan pitched for the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros, and Texas Rangers. After his retirement in 1993, Ryan served as chief executive officer (CEO) of the Texas Rangers and an executive advisor to the Houston Astros. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest MLB pitchers of all time. Ryan was a right-handed pitcher who consistently threw pitches that were clocked above 100 miles per hour (161 km/h). He maintained this velocity throughout his pitching career. Ryan was also known to throw a devastating 12–6 curveball at exceptional velocity for a breaking ball.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Johnson</span> American baseball player and manager (1887–1946)

Walter Perry Johnson, nicknamed "Barney" and "the Big Train", was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played his entire 21-year baseball career in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher for the Washington Senators from 1907 to 1927. He later served as manager of the Senators from 1929 through 1932 and of the Cleveland Indians from 1933 through 1935.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triple Crown (baseball)</span> Major League Baseball award

In baseball, a player earns a Triple Crown when he leads a league in three specific statistical categories in the same season. The term "Triple Crown" generally refers to the batting achievement of leading a league in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in (RBI) over the same season. The term "Pitching Triple Crown" refers to the pitching achievement of leading a league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strikeout</span> In baseball, a batter called out due to three strikes

In baseball or softball, a strikeout occurs when a batter accumulates three strikes during a time at bat. It usually means that the batter is out. A strikeout is a statistic recorded for both pitchers and batters, and is denoted by K in scorekeeping and statistics. A "strikeout looking"—in which the batter does not swing and the third strike is called by the umpire—is usually denoted by a .

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob Gibson</span> American baseball player and coach (1935–2020)

Robert Gibson, nicknamed "Gibby" and "Hoot", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1959 to 1975. Known for his fiercely competitive nature, Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average. A nine-time All-Star and two-time World Series Champion, he won two Cy Young Awards and the 1968 National League Most Valuable Player Award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Randy Johnson</span> American baseball player (born 1963)

Randall David Johnson, nicknamed "the Big Unit", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (1988–2009) for six teams, primarily the Seattle Mariners and Arizona Diamondbacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Cone</span> American baseball player and analyst (born 1963)

David Brian Cone is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, and current color commentator for the New York Yankees on the YES Network and WPIX as well as for ESPN on Sunday Night Baseball. A third round draft pick of the Kansas City Royals in 1981 MLB Draft, he made his MLB debut in 1986 and continued playing until 2003, pitching for five different teams. Cone batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dazzy Vance</span> American baseball player (1891-1961)

Charles Arthur "Dazzy" Vance was an American professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher for five different franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB) in a career that spanned twenty years. Known for his impressive fastball, Vance was the only pitcher to lead the National League in strikeouts seven consecutive seasons. Vance was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ron Guidry</span> American baseball player and coach

Ronald Ames Guidry, nicknamed "Louisiana Lightning" and "Gator", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. Guidry was also the pitching coach of the Yankees from 2006 to 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob Veale</span> American baseball player (born 1935)

Robert Andrew Veale is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher from 1962 through 1974 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Boston Red Sox.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Justin Verlander</span> American baseball pitcher (born 1983)

Justin Brooks Verlander is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Detroit Tigers and New York Mets. From Manakin-Sabot, Virginia, Verlander attended Old Dominion University (ODU) and played college baseball for the Monarchs. He broke the Monarchs' and Colonial Athletic Association's career records for strikeouts. At the 2003 Pan American Games, Verlander helped lead the United States national team to a silver medal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clayton Kershaw</span> American baseball player (born 1988)

Clayton Edward Kershaw is an American professional baseball pitcher. He is currently a free agent. A left-handed starting pitcher, Kershaw has spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Los Angeles Dodgers since debuting in 2008. He is a ten-time All-Star, three-time National League (NL) Cy Young Award winner, the 2014 NL Most Valuable Player, and a World Series champion in 2020. His 2.48 career earned run average (ERA) and 1.00 walks plus hits per inning pitched rate (WHIP) are the lowest among starters in the live-ball era. Kershaw has a career hits allowed per nine innings pitched average of 6.82, the third-lowest in MLB history. He has been described for much of his career as the best pitcher in baseball, and one of the greatest pitchers of all time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yovani Gallardo</span> Mexican baseball player (born 1986)

Yovani Gallardo is a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher. He was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the second round of the 2004 Major League Baseball draft out of Trimble Technical High School in Fort Worth, Texas. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers, Baltimore Orioles, Texas Rangers, Seattle Mariners, and Cincinnati Reds. Gallardo was an All-Star in 2010, and won the Silver Slugger Award for pitchers that year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Max Scherzer</span> American baseball player (born 1984)

Maxwell Martin Scherzer is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Detroit Tigers, Washington Nationals, Los Angeles Dodgers, and New York Mets. A right-handed starting pitcher, Scherzer is an eight-time MLB All-Star, has won three Cy Young Awards, has pitched two no-hitters, and won the World Series with the Nationals in 2019, and the Texas Rangers in 2023. Known for his intensity and competitiveness on the field, he is nicknamed "Mad Max" after the film series of the same name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerrit Cole</span> American baseball player (born 1990)

Gerrit Alan Cole is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros. Cole played for the baseball team at Orange Lutheran High School, and was selected by the New York Yankees in the first round of the 2008 MLB Draft. Cole opted not to sign, and instead attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he played college baseball for the UCLA Bruins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Craig Kimbrel</span> American baseball pitcher (born 1988)

Craig Michael Kimbrel is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Atlanta Braves, San Diego Padres, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. He is a nine-time All-Star, two-time Reliever of the Year, and a 2018 World Series champion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Bleier</span> American baseball pitcher (born 1987)

Richard Sidney Bleier is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, Miami Marlins, and Boston Red Sox.

Joshua Peter Tols is an Australian former professional baseball pitcher.

References

General
Inline citations
  1. "The Fans Speak Out". Baseball Digest. Lakeside. 55 (10): 7. October 1996. ISSN   0005-609X.[ permanent dead link ]
  2. "Umpires: Rules of Interest". MLB.com. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
  3. "Official Rules (10.15: Strikeouts)" (PDF). Major League Baseball. pp. 113–114. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
  4. "Jim Devlin Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  5. "Cy Young Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  6. "Walter Johnson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  7. 1 2 "Nolan Ryan Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  8. "Randy Johnson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  9. "Dazzy Vance Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  10. "Bob Feller Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  11. "Lefty Grove Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  12. "Grover Cleveland Alexander Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  13. "Rube Waddell Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  14. "Steve Carlton Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  15. "Roger Clemens Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  16. "Sam McDowell Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  17. "Christy Mathewson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  18. "Amos Rusie Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  19. "Tom Seaver Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  20. "Matt Kilroy Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  21. 1 2 "Historical Leaders: Pitching Leaders, Career Single Season". Major League Baseball. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  22. Nemec, David; Rucker, Mark (2004). The Beer and Whisky League: The Illustrated History of the American AssociationBaseball's Renegade Major League. Globe Pequot. p. 1. ISBN   1-59228-188-5 . Retrieved May 12, 2010.[ permanent dead link ]
  23. "Toad Ramsey Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  24. "Hugh Daily Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  25. "Old Hoss Radbourn Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  26. Kahn, Roger (2001). The Head Game: Baseball Seen From the Pitcher's Mound. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 71. ISBN   0-15-601304-5 . Retrieved May 12, 2010.[ permanent dead link ]
  27. 1 2 "1883 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  28. 1 2 "1999 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  29. 1 2 "1973 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  30. 1 2 "1939 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  31. 1 2 "1942 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  32. "Padres trade ace Jake Peavy to White Sox for four pitchers". San Diego News Network. Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
  33. "1876 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  34. "1877 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  35. "1878 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  36. "1879 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  37. "1880 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  38. "1881 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  39. "1882 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  40. "1883 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  41. "1884 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  42. "1885 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  43. "1886 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  44. "1887 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  45. "1888 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  46. "1889 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  47. "1890 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  48. "1891 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  49. "1892 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  50. "1893 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  51. "1894 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  52. "1895 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  53. "1896 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  54. "1897 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  55. "1898 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  56. "1899 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  57. "1900 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  58. "1901 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  59. "1902 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  60. "1903 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  61. "1904 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  62. "1905 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  63. "1906 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  64. "1907 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  65. "1908 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  66. "1909 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  67. "1910 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  68. "1911 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  69. "1912 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  70. "1913 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  71. "1914 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  72. "1915 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  73. "1916 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  74. "1917 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  75. "1918 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  76. "1919 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  77. "1920 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  78. "1921 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  79. "1922 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  80. "1923 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  81. "1924 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  82. "1925 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  83. "1926 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  84. "1927 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  85. "1928 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  86. "1929 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  87. "1930 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  88. "1931 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  89. "1932 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  90. "1933 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  91. "1934 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  92. "1935 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  93. "1936 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  94. "1937 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  95. "1938 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  96. "1940 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  97. "1941 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  98. "1942 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  99. "1943 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  100. "1944 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  101. "1945 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  102. "1946 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  103. "1947 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  104. "1948 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  105. "1949 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  106. "1950 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  107. "1951 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  108. "1952 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  109. "1953 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  110. "1954 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  111. "1955 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  112. "1956 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  113. "1957 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  114. "1958 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  115. "1959 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  116. "1960 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  117. "1961 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  118. "1962 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  119. "1963 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  120. "1964 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  121. "1965 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  122. "1966 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  123. "1967 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  124. "1968 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  125. "1969 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  126. "1970 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  127. "1971 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  128. "1972 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  129. "1973 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  130. "1974 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  131. "1975 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  132. "1976 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  133. "1977 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  134. "1978 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  135. "1979 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  136. "1980 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  137. "1981 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  138. "1982 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  139. "1983 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  140. "1984 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  141. "1985 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  142. "1986 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  143. "1987 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  144. "1988 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  145. "1989 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  146. "1990 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  147. "1991 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  148. "1992 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  149. "1993 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  150. "1994 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  151. "1995 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  152. "1996 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  153. "1997 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  154. "1998 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  155. "2000 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  156. "2001 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  157. "2002 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  158. "2003 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  159. "2004 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  160. "2005 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  161. "2006 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  162. "2007 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  163. "2008 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  164. "2009 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  165. "2010 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  166. "2011 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
  167. "2012 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
  168. "2013 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
  169. "2014 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
  170. "2015 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  171. "2016 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  172. "2017 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  173. "2018 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  174. "2019 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  175. "2020 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  176. "2021 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  177. "2022 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  178. "2023 National League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  179. "Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  180. 1 2 "2006 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  181. "Justin Verlander Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
  182. "1901 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  183. "1902 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  184. "1903 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  185. "1904 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  186. "1905 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  187. "1906 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  188. "1907 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  189. "1908 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  190. "1909 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  191. "1910 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  192. "1911 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  193. "1912 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  194. "1913 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  195. "1914 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  196. "1915 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  197. "1916 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  198. "1917 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  199. "1918 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  200. "1919 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  201. "1920 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  202. "1921 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  203. "1922 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  204. "1923 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  205. "1924 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  206. "1925 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  207. "1926 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  208. "1927 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  209. "1928 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  210. "1929 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  211. "1930 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  212. "1931 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  213. "1932 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  214. "1933 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  215. "1934 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  216. "1935 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  217. "1936 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  218. "1937 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  219. "1938 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  220. "1939 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  221. "1940 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  222. "1941 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  223. "1943 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  224. "1944 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  225. "1945 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  226. "1946 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  227. "1947 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  228. "1948 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  229. "1949 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  230. "1950 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  231. "1951 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  232. "1952 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  233. "1953 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  234. "1954 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  235. "1955 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  236. "1956 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  237. "1957 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  238. "1958 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  239. "1959 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  240. "1960 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  241. "1961 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  242. "1962 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  243. "1963 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  244. "1964 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  245. "1965 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  246. "1966 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  247. "1967 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  248. "1968 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  249. "1969 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  250. "1970 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  251. "1971 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  252. "1972 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  253. "1974 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  254. "1975 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  255. "1976 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  256. "1977 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  257. "1978 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  258. "1979 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  259. "1980 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  260. "1981 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  261. "1982 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  262. "1983 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  263. "1984 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  264. "1985 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  265. "1986 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  266. "1987 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  267. "1988 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  268. "1989 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  269. "1990 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  270. "1991 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  271. "1992 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  272. "1993 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  273. "1994 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  274. "1995 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  275. "1996 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  276. "1997 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  277. "1998 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  278. "1999 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  279. "2000 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  280. "2001 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  281. "2002 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  282. "2003 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  283. "2004 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  284. "2005 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  285. "2007 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  286. "2008 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  287. "2009 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  288. "2010 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
  289. "2011 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
  290. "2012 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
  291. "2013 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
  292. "2014 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
  293. "2015 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
  294. "2016 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  295. "2017 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  296. "2018 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  297. "2019 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  298. "2020 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  299. "2021 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  300. "2022 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  301. "2023 American League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  302. "1882 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  303. "1884 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  304. "1884 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  305. "1885 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  306. "1886 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  307. "1887 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  308. "1888 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  309. "1889 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  310. "1890 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  311. "1890 Players' League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  312. "1891 American Association Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  313. "1914 Federal League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  314. "1915 Federal League Pitching Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  315. "Complete Baseball Team and Baseball Team Encyclopedias". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  316. Dickson, Paul (1999). The new Dickson baseball dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 28. ISBN   0-15-600580-8 . Retrieved May 20, 2010.