List of Slovenian domestic animal breeds

Last updated
Lipizzaner 2013.jpg
Krskopoljski prasic na pasi Kastelic A.jpg
Brillenschafe 06.JPG
Krasevec.jpg
Cikasta krava 6882.jpg
Carnica bee on solidago.jpg
Gallery of six Slovenian autochthonous animal breeds (Lipizzan, Krškopolje pig, Jezersko-Solčava sheep, Karst Shepherd dog, Cika cattle and Carniolan bee).

List of Slovenian domestic animal breeds lists Slovenian local breeds of domesticated animals. [1] [2] This list includes all animal breeds that are locally adapted in Slovenia, being either autochthonous either traditional. [2] [3] The most widespread classification lists 15 (or 16) Slovenian autochthonous breeds, while there are 13 recognized Slovenian traditional breeds. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Slovenian autochthonous breeds are Styrian Hen, [5] Bosnian Mountain Horse, [7] Lipizzan, Posavac, Slovenian Cold-blood, Cika cattle, Krškopolje pig, Bela Krajina Pramenka, Bovec sheep, Jezersko-Solčava sheep, [5] Improved Jezersko-Solčava sheep, [8] Istrian milk, Drežnica goat, Karst Shepherd dog and Carniolan honey bee (some also include marble trout [2] [9] ). [5] Slovenian traditional breeds are as follows: Slovenian Barred Hen, Slovenian Brown Hen, Slovene Late-feathered Hen, Slovenian Silver Hen, Haflinger, Ljutomer Trotter, Braunvieh, Fleckvieh, Slovenian Landrace – line 11, Slovenian Landrace – line 55, Slovenian Large White, Slovenian Alpine goat and Slovenian Saanen goat. [5]

Division of Slovenian breeds

Slovenian breeds: [2] [10] [11]

Autochthonous breeds

Autochthonous breeds are all of those domestic animal breeds that originate from the Slovenian area and have historical documents, proving their country of origin. [1] [2] Some autochthonous breeds are cross-border and have been developed in various countries, meaning they can be recognized as autochthonous in multiple countries. [7]

Additional mandatory conditions, that define and determine a status of autochthonous breed, are a breed register, a breed standard and limited, as well as supervised influx of other breeds' genes. [12] Slovenian laws require autochthonous breeds to have a breed register of at least five animal generations, bred in Slovenia. [2] Before obtaining the status of autochthonous a breed has to have a title of traditional breed. [10]

Poultry

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Styrian Hen, [13] Altsteirer [14] Štajerska kokoš, [12] štajerka, [15] štajarska kokoš, staroštajerka, staroštajerska kokoš, celjska kokoš, kmečka kokoš, štajerska kmečka kokoš, domača šopka, štajerska deželna kokoš, hasnovita štajerska kokoš, domačegrudna kokoš, sulmtaler, sulmdolka, sulmtalka, sulmska kokoš, sulmtalska kokoš [2] Gallus gallus domesticus Slovenia (mostly Slovenian Styria between rivers Mur and Sava [12] ) and Austrian state Styria [13] Around 1650 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [16] Altsteirerhahn.jpg Primarily there were three colour variants: red/brown, white and barred. Red is divided into partridge-like type, reddish brown birds and wheat coloured hen. [12] Today most of Styrian hens are of the partridge type. [17]

Horses

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Bosnian Mountain Horse [18] Bosanski planinski konj, [7] bosanski konj, [19] planinski konj, domači konj [20] Equus caballus Balkan Peninsula, [21] native to countries of former Yugoslavia [22] Around 300 across the world [21] Bosanski brdski konj zimska dlaka.jpg The oldest autochthonous horse breed on Balkan Peninsula. [19] Accepted among autochthonous breeds in Slovenia despite some hesitation. [7] To Slovenia the breed probably arrived in 15th century with Uskoks. [19]
Lipizzan [23] Lipicanski konj, [5] lipicanec [24] Equus caballus Lipica, Slovenian Karst [5] Around 1220 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [25] Lipizzaner 2013.jpg Warmblood. Foals are black or bay. While aging horses become gray. [5]
Posavac, [26] Posavje horse [27] Posavski konj, [5] posavec [28] Equus caballus Sava, mostly Lower Sava Valley [5] Around 1910 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [29] Posavec horse Sentrupert dec 26 2009.jpg Smaller cold-blood. Phenomenon of sexual dimorphism; stallions are more robust than mares. [5]
Slovenian Cold-blood, Slovenian Cold-blooded Horse [30] Slovenski hladnokrvni konj [5] Equus caballusNortheastern Slovenia and Upper Carniola [31] Around 3050 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [31] Slovenski hladnokrvni konj1.png Mostly bay or black medium-sized cold-blooded horse. [5]

Cattle

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Cika cattle [32] Cikasto govedo, [5] cika [33] Bos taurus Northwestern Slovenia (alpine regions and Bohinj) [5] Around 5530 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [34] Cikasta krava 6882.jpg There are two distinct geographical types; Tolmin and Bohinj Cika cattle. [35]

Pigs

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Krškopolje pig, Black-belted pig [36] Krškopoljski prašič, [5] črnopasasti prašič, [37] pasasti prašič, prekasti prašič, prekec, [38] KP [39] Sus scrofa domestica Lower Carniola (mostly southeastern part) [37] Around 2530 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [40] Krskopoljski prasic na pasi Kastelic A.jpg The breed's well-known feature is a continuous pink belt, running across pig's shoulders and forelimbs. Other parts of the body are blackish. [5]

Sheep

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Bela Krajina Pramenka [41] Belokranjska pramenka, [5] ovca BP [42] Ovis aries Near river Kolpa between Vinica, Adlešiči and Črnomelj (breed got its name after White Carniola, in Slovene language Bela krajina) [43] Around 1135–1200 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [44] Belokranjska plamenka.png Mostly black ears, black colour (spots or blotches) is also around eyes and on sheep's legs. [43]
Bovec sheep [45] Bovška ovca, [5] trentarka (in valley Trenta), [46] ovca B [47] Ovis ariesValley of Soča, Bovec, Tolmin [5] Around 2930–3800 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [48] Bovska ovca.png White sheep with some black-white and brown individuals. [46]
Improved Jezersko-Solčava sheep [49] Oplemenjena jezersko-solčavska ovca, [5] ovca JSR [50] Ovis ariesA consequence of breeding Slovenian Jezersko-Solčava sheep with Russian Romanov sheep. [5] Around 92 000 in Slovenia (y. 2003), [51] the most numerous sheep breed in Slovenia [50] Molicka - ovce 1.jpg White wool, dark individuals are a result of crossbreeding with Romanov sheep. [5]
Istrian milk, [52] Istrian Pramenka [53] Istrska pramenka, [5] ovca IP, [54] istrijanka, primorska ovca, ovca surove volne, kraška ovca [55] Ovis aries Karst and Istria [5] Around 930–1100 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [56] Istarska ovca.jpg Sheep are white, with blackish spots covering their trunk and head. Some animals are black. This breed's feature is a poor hairiness of animal's legs. [57]
Jezersko-Solčava sheep [58] Jezersko-solčavska ovca, [5] ovca JS [59] Ovis ariesEastern regions of Slovenian Alps [5] Around 5150–15 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [60] Brillenschafe 06.JPG Jezersko-Solčava sheep are white and often have darker area around, as well as below their eyes (so-called tear). Of black colour are also tips of sheep's ears. [5]

Goats

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Drežnica goat [61] Drežniška koza, [5] bovška koza, [62] koza DR [63] Capra hircus Posočje [64] (Bovec and Drežnica) [5] Around 880–900 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [65] Drezhnica goat (cropped).JPG In the past people bred milk goats in Bovec and meat type in Drežnica. [5]

Dogs

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Karst Shepherd Dog [66] Kraški ovčar, [5] kraševec, [67] ilirski ovčar [68] Canis familiaris Karst [5] Around 820 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [69] Krasevec.jpg Primarily livestock guardian dog. [5] It is a member of the second FCI group (Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs). [70]

In the past Slovenian cynologists made some major contributions to breeding three additional Yugoslavian dog breeds, which were later assigned to Croatia and Montenegro by Fédération Cynologique Internationale. [35] These breeds are Montenegrin Mountain Hound, now belonging to Montenegro, [71] Posavac Hound [72] and Istrian Hound (Coarse-haired and Short-haired) – both owned by Croatia. [73] [74]

Other

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Carniolan honey bee [75] Kranjska čebela, [5] kranjska sivka, [76] kranjica, [77] koroška čebela, karnika, noriška čebela, sivka [78] Apis mellifera carnica Carniola [79] Around 12 500 beehives, 40 000 purebreed queens and 90 000 bee families in Slovenia [80] Apis mellifera carnica worker hive entrance 3.jpg Carniolan bee has a status of a subspecies of honey bee. [5] It is also treated as a breed. [80]

Some classifications of Slovenian autochthonous breeds also include marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus ). [2] [9]

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Marble trout [81] Soška postrv [9] Salmo marmoratus/ Salmo trutta marmoratus Endemic species of Jadran river basin [82] (mostly Soča [83] ) Marble trout from zadlascica.jpg There are two distinct colour types; trouts of Zadlaščica type are marbled, while type Idrijca fish also possess red spots. Often a lot of red dots can be found covering fish's lateral line. [82]

Traditional breeds

Unlike an autochthonous breed a Slovenian traditional breed does not originate from the Slovenian area (it is of foreign origin). However a traditional breed has a long history of breeding in the region of Republic of Slovenia. [1]

The Official Gazette, number 77/04, titled List of autochthonous and traditional breeds of domestic animals, requires Slovenian traditional breeds to be continuously bred by Slovenian breeders for at least 30 years (for poultry, pigs, sheep, goats [1] and cattle [2] ) or 50 years (for other species). [1] Another mandatory condition is an existence of breed register that proves a breed is being raised in Slovenia for at least 5 generations. [2]

An additional requirement is a proper breed's name; a Slovenian traditional breed should have the word "slovenska" ("Slovenian") or a name of any other Slovene human settlement in its name. [2]

Poultry

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Slovenian Barred Hen [84] Slovenska grahasta kokoš, [5] [12] SGK [85] Gallus gallus domesticus Bred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from Barred and White Plymouth Rock [5] Around 1270 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [86] Serves for a production of commercial chicken. When cross-breeding a hen of the Slovenian Barred and a rooster of the Slovenian Brown the result is so-called Prelux-Č (prelux črna in Slovenian, Prelux Black in English). Prelux-G (prelux grahasta in Slovenian, Prelux Barred in English) is a consequence of breeding a rooster of the Slovenian Barred with a hen of the Slovenian Brown. [87] Mostly used for egg production (light type). [12]
Slovenian Brown Hen [84] Slovenska rjava kokoš, [5] [12] SRK [85] Gallus gallus domesticusBred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from American chicken breed Rhode Island Red [5] Around 2910 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [88] Serves for a production of commercial chicken. So-called Prelux-R (prelux rjava in Slovenian, Prelux Brown in English) is a consequence of crossbreeding a hen of the Slovenian Silver with a rooster of the Slovenian Brown. When cross-breeding a hen of the Slovenian Barred and a rooster of the Slovenian Brown the result is so-called Prelux-Č. Prelux-G is a consequence of breeding a rooster of the Slovenian Barred with a hen of the Slovenian Brown. [87] Mostly used for egg production (light type). [12]
Slovene Late-feathered Hen, [89] Slovenian Slow Feathering Hen [90] Slovenska pozno operjena kokoš, [5] [12] SPOK [90] Gallus gallus domesticusBred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from American White Plymouth Rock [5] Around 340 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [91] Serves for a production of broilers (so-called Prelux-BRO). [5] Heavy chicken breed. [12]
Slovenian Silver Hen [84] Slovenska srebrna kokoš, [5] [12] SSK [85] Gallus gallus domesticusBred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from multiple chicken breeds [5] Around 920 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [92] Serves for a production of commercial chicken. So-called Prelux-R is a consequence of crossbreeding a hen of the Slovenian Silver with a rooster of the Slovenian Brown. [87] Mostly used for egg production (light type). [12]

In the past the Slovene Early-feathered Hen and Slovenian Fathering Hen were also included among Slovenian traditional breeds of domestic animals. [2] [93] In 2013 financial problems caused both breeds to be removed from the list of Slovenian heavy locally adapted chicken breeds, making the Slovene Late-feathered Hen the only currently listed breed. [12]

Horses

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Haflinger [94] Haflinški konj, [5] haflinger [95] Equus caballus Tyrol [5] Around 300 000 across the world, [5] around 570 in Slovenia (l. 2020) [96] Haflinger horses at King's Beck along the River Bure - geograph.org.uk - 2329337.jpg The breed is a results of breeding Arabians with Alpine mares. [5]
Ljutomer Trotter [97] Ljutomerski kasač, [5] ljutomerec [98] Equus caballus Ljutomer [99] Around 400 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [100] Ljutomer (3).jpg Some Slovenian experts think Ljutomer Trotter meets all the criteria needed for obtaining the status of a Slovenian autochthonous breed. [99]

Cattle

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Braunvieh, [101] Slovenian Brown, [51] Brown Swiss [102] Rjavo govedo, [5] slovensko rjavo govedo, [51] sivka, sivorjavo govedo [103] Bos taurus Switzerland, Austrian states Vorarlberg and Tyrol, German Bavaria [5] Around 23 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [104] Braunvieh am Simplonpass, Schweiz.jpg Brown to gray dairy cow. This breed's feature is a pronounced chest. [5]
Fleckvieh [105] Lisasto govedo [5] Bos taurusWestern Switzerland, originating from Swiss Simmental cattle [5] More than 200 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [106] Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg Typical brown cows with white blotches. [5]

Pigs

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Slovenian Landrace – line 11 [107] Slovenska landrace – linija 11, [5] slovenski landrace linija 11, [108] švedska landrace, [109] švedska landras [51] Sus scrofa domestica Sweden, Norway and Denmark [5] Around 4890 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [110] Middle-sized white pigs, raised for giving meat. [111]
Slovenian Landrace – line 55 [112] Slovenska landrace – linija 55, [5] nemška landrace, [109] nemška landras [51] Sus scrofa domestica Germany [5] Around 45 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [113] The breed's feature is high growth capacity. [5]
Slovenian Large White [107] Slovenski veliki beli prašič, [5] large white, Yorkshire, Edelschwein, [109] veliki jorkšir, [114] slovenska velika bela (linija 22) [111] Sus scrofa domestica Great Britain [5] Around 870 in Slovenia (y. 2020) [115] White breed of big pigs. [114]

Goats

English nameLocal namesScientific nameOriginNumberImageNotes
Slovenian Alpine goat [116] Slovenska srnasta koza, [5] koza SR [117] Capra hircus Alps [5] Around 15 800 in Slovenia (y. 2003), [51] the most numerous goat breed in Slovenia [117] Goats in Slovenia (4757683258).jpg Goats were improved with different Alpine breeds from Germany and France. Animals are of various colours; from gray to light and dark shades of brown. Slovenian Alpine goat's well-known feature is a black line running across an animal's back. [5]
Slovenian Saanen goat [118] Slovenska sanska koza, [5] koza SA [119] Capra hircusValley Saanen in Switzerland [5] Around 4700 in Slovenia (y. 2003) [51] Koza, sanska - jarac.jpg White breed, which is a result of crossbreeding a couple of Slovenian goats and Swiss Saanen goat. [5]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cika cattle</span> Slovenian cattle breed

Cika cattle is an autochthonous breed of cattle, originating in Slovenia. This red to chestnut brown cow is used to grazing on alpine pastures and was traditionally raised to serve as a dairy cow – giving people milk and taking care of calves. The Slovenian Cika is the only Slovenian autochthonous breed of cattle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slovenian Cold-blood</span> Slovenian horse breed

Slovenian Cold-blood is an autochthonous breed of horse, originating in Slovenia. There are only four autochthonous horse breeds in Slovenia, besides Slovenian Cold-blood the Bosnian Mountain Horse, Lipizzan and Posavac also have this status. The breed got its current name in year 1964. Slovenian cold-blood horses are mostly bay or black, can have white facial markings and reach medium sizes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Altsteirer</span> Chicken breed

Altsteirer, also known as the Styrian Hen and Chicken, Slovene: Štajerska kokoš or Štajerka, German: Altsteirer Huhn, is an autochthonous breed of domestic chicken originating in Slovenia and Austrian state Styria. The Styrian Hen is known as the only autochthonous (native) chicken breed of Slovenian area, with all other breeds being traditional at most, hence introduced in the past and consequently adapted to country's conditions. The Altsteirer's set of traits suggests the breed may share a common descent with other Mediterranean chicken breeds.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drežnica goat</span> Slovenian goat breed

Drežnica goat is an autochthonous breed of goat, originating in Slovenia, Posočje. Currently it is the only goat breed being listed among Slovenian either autochthonous either traditional breeds of domestic animals. Animals of this breed are middle-sized darker goats, that are being used both for production of milk and dairy products as well as obtaining goat meat.

Slovenian Barred Hen is a traditional breed of domestic chicken, originating in Slovenia. This breed was developed on the Biotechnical Faculty of University of Ljubljana some decades ago. Animals of the Slovenian Barred Hen are barred black and white layer hens, used primarily for production of commercial crossbreeds sold under the trademark Prelux.

Slovenian Brown Hen is a traditional breed of domestic chicken, originating in Slovenia. It was developed at the end of the 20th century at the Biotechnical Faculty of University of Ljubljana. Animals of this breed are brown coloured layer hens that are also used as parents for commercial crossbreeds sold under the trademark Prelux.

Slovenian Silver Hen is a traditional breed of domestic chicken, originating in Slovenia. The breed, that was developed some centuries ago on the Biotechnical Faculty of University of Ljubljana, is characterised by typical white coloured layer hens, used primarily for production of commercial crossbreeds sold under the trademark Prelux.

Slovene Late-feathered Hen is a traditional breed of domestic chicken, originating in Slovenia. The breed is categorised as a heavy or meat type, and is consequently used for raising broilers. As of year 2013, when two heavy breeds Slovene Early-feathered Hen and Slovenian Fathering Hen were removed from the list, it is the only meat type chicken breed among Slovenian traditional breeds of domestic animals. The Slovene Late-feathered Hen is characterised by animals covered with white plumage and known for slow feathering speed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krškopolje pig</span> Slovenian pig breed

Krškopolje pig or Black-belted pig is an autochthonous breed of pig, originating in Slovenia. This pig represents the only still preserved Slovenian autochthonous breed of domestic pig. The easily recognizable blackish Krškopolje pig, widely used for meat production, is well known for its continuous pink belt, running across animal's shoulders and forelimbs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ljutomer Trotter</span> Slovenian horse breed

The Ljutomer Trotter is a traditional breed of horse, originating in Slovenia in the town Ljutomer, where it was developed around year 1880. It is a breed of typical medium-sized warmbloods, with a majority of animals being bay. Until around 1960 animals were used for various farm tasks and transport, while today the breed is being reared and used primarily for sport purposes and recreational riding.

References

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  14. ↑ "The Altsteirer or Styrian chicken breed profile". Cluckin. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  15. ↑ "Fran/iskanje/štajerka". Fran (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  16. ↑ "Štajerska kokoš / Slovenia (Chicken)". fao-dadis-breed-detail.web.app. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  17. ↑ "Štajerska kokoš". Genska banka (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  18. ↑ "Breeds of Livestock - Bosnian Mountain Horse — Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science". afs.okstate.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
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