Title Director Cast Country Subgenre/Notes 1900 A Nymph of the Waves Frederick S. Armitage Cathrina Barto United States Early use of optical printing [ 1] 1901 The Ghost Train Frederick S. Armitage United States Use of overprinting; section shown in negative [ 2] [ 3] Star Theatre Frederick S. Armitage United States a.k.a. "Building Up and Demolishing the Star Theatre." Single-frame, time-lapse subject [ 4] [ 5] 1903 The Infernal Cake Walk Georges Méliès France Ghostly, in-camera superimpositions [ 6] [ 7] Down the Hudson Frederick S. Armitage , A.E. Weed United States Single-frame, time-lapse travel actually "up" the Hudson River [ 8] [ 9] 1905 Interior NY Subway, 14th Street to 42nd Street Billy Bitzer United States Shot from front of subway car, largely abstract [ 10] 1906 The '?' Motorist Walter R. Booth United Kingdom Exceptional trick film in the style of Georges Méliés . Produced by R. W. Paul . [ 11] 1907 Les Kiriki - Acrobates Japonaises Segundo de Chomón France Exceptional trick film, shot from the ceiling facing downward [ 12] 1908 Fantasmagorie Émile Cohl France Early animation, reflective of the pre-modernist movement of the Incoherents [ citation needed ] 1910 The Hasher's Delerium Émile Cohl France Early animation; representation of a hallucination [ 13] 1911 The Automatic Moving Company Romeo Bosetti and/or Émile Cohl France Often attributed to Émile Cohl; recent scholarship points toward Bosetti. [ 14] A Chord of Color Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] Study on the Effects of Four Colors Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] Translation of Mallarmé's poem "Flowers" into Colors Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] Translation of Mendelssohn's Spring Song Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] 1912 The Dance Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] [ 16] The Rainbow Bruno Corra, Arnaldo Ginna Italy Abstract animation, Lost film [ 15] [ 16] 1913 Rythmes colorés (Coloured Rhythm) Léopold Survage France Abstract animation; ca. 105 drawings made but not filmed [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] Suspense Phillips Smalley , Lois Weber Valentine Paul , Lois Weber United States Contains early examples of split-screen and a car chase. 1914 Drama in the Futurist's Cabinet No. 13 Vladimir Kasyanov Mikhail Larionov , Natalia Goncharova , David Burliuk Russia Lost film [ 20] [ 21] 1915 La Folie du Docteur Tube Abel Gance Albert Dieudonné France Archaic trick film, shot through Anamorphic lens [ 22] Hypocrites Lois Weber Courtenay Foote , Myrtle Stedman United States Allegorical and highly symbolic religious picture; nude principal character[ citation needed ] The Picture of Dorian Gray Vsevolod Meyerhold , Mikhail Doronin Vavara Yanova, Vsevolod Meyerhold Russia Adaptation of Oscar Wilde story by symbolist theater director; Lost film [ 21] 1916 Diana the Huntress Charles W. Allen, Francis Trevelyan Miller Lionel Braham, Percy Richards United States Highly stylized mythic film; fragment only [ 23] Intolerance D. W. Griffith Lillian Gish , Robert Harron United States Influential film which attempts to tell four stories at once; extensive use of montage[ citation needed ] The Strong Man Vsevolod Meyerhold Mikhail Doronin, Vsevolod Meyerhold Russia Adaptation of Stanisław Przybyszewski play by symbolist theater director; Lost film [ 21] 1917 Thaïs Anton Giulio Bragaglia Thaïs Galizsky Italy Italian Futurist film; incomplete print extant. [ 24] Vita futurista Arnaldo Ginna Filippo Marinetti , Giacomo Balla Italy Italian futurist film; Lost film [ 25] 1918 Âmes des fous Germaine Dulac Sylvio de Pedrelli, Ève Francis France Serial which incorporated avant-garde techniques; lost film. [ 26] [ 27] The Blue Bird Maurice Tourneur Tula Belle, Robin Macdougall United States Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film[ citation needed ] Nye dlya deneg radivshisya (Born Not for the Money) Nikandr Turkin Vladimir Mayakovsky , David Burliuk Soviet Union Russian futurist adaptation of Jack London story[ citation needed ] [ 28] Il Perfido Incanto Anton Giulio Bragaglia Renée Avril, Thaïs Galizsky Italy Lost Italian Futurist film. [ 22] Prunella Maurice Tourneur Isabel Berwin, Jules Raucourt United States Stylized, almost surrealistic, fantasy film; only a 30-minute fragment extant [ 29] [ 30] The Young Lady and the Hooligan Vladimir Mayakovsky , Yevgeni Slavinsky Fyodor Dunayev, Vladimir Mayakovsky , Aleksandra Rebikova Soviet Union The only surviving film appearance by arch-Russian futurist Vladimir Mayakovsky [ 28] 1919 The Fall of Babylon D. W. Griffith Constance Talmadge , Alfred Paget United States Edited from Intolerance , widely influential in Europe; introduced 'Russian montage' to Russia[ citation needed ] Rose-France Marcel L'Herbier Claude-France Aïssé, Jacque Catelain France Symbolic romance[ citation needed ] 1920 Anywhere Out of the World Dudley Murphy Chase Harringdine United States Dance film, Lost film [ 31] Aphrodite Dudley Murphy Katharine Hawley United States Dance film, Lost film [ 32] [ 33] The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Robert Wiene Conrad Veidt , Lil Dagover Weimar Republic Expressionist horror film, greatly influential on avant-garde filmmakers, particularly in the United States[ citation needed ] La Fête espagnole Germaine Dulac Ève Francis , Gaston Modot France First film written by Louis Delluc [ 34] [ 22] From Morn to Midnight Karlheinz Martin Ernst Deutsch Weimar Republic Adaptation of Expressionist play, only film made by theatre director Martin; barred from German cinemas at the time [ 35] Genuine Robert Wiene Fern Andra, Hans Heinrich von Twardowski Weimar Republic Particularly extreme example of Expressionism[ citation needed ] Nude Woman by Waterfall Claude Friese-Greene United Kingdom Dance film. [ 36] Le silence Louis Delluc Ève Francis , Gabriel Signoret France Naturalist, experimental short[ citation needed ] [ 22] [ 37]
The Soul of the Cypress Dudley Murphy Chase Harringdine United States Dance film [ 38] 1921 El Dorado Marcel L'Herbier Ève Francis , Jacque Catelain France Melodrama, highly stylized sets and use of montage[ citation needed ] Fièvre Louis Delluc Ève Francis , Gaston Modot France Naturalist melodrama [ 22] Manhatta Paul Strand , Charles Sheeler United States First City film [ 39] Opus 1 Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract Animation[ citation needed ] Opus 2 Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract Animation[ citation needed ] Rhythmus 21 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation. Backdated by Richter, not actually completed or screened in 1921. [ 40] 1922 Danse macabre Dudley Murphy Adolph Bolm , Ruth Page United States Dance film [ 3] The Enchanted City Warren Newcombe United States Art heavy futurist short [ 41] La femme de nulle part Louis Delluc Ève Francis , Gine Avril France Naturalist melodrama [ 22] Der Sieger Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Semi-abstract advertising film[ citation needed ] 1923 Cœur fidèle Jean Epstein Léon Mathot, Gina Manès France Naturalist melodrama, experimental sequence; cited in Curtis [ 22] Dnevnik Glumova (Glumov's Diary) Sergei Eisenstein Grigori Alexandrov , Sergei Eisenstein Soviet Union Filmed inserts for The Wise Man , a production of the Moscow Proletkult Central Theater; issued as part of Kino Pravda No. 16 [ 42] [ 43] L'ironie du Destin Dimitri Kirsanoff Dimitri Kirsanoff , Nadia Sibirskaïa France Naturalist melodrama; Lost film [ 22] The Man Without Desire Adrian Brunel Ivor Novello United Kingdom Fantasy, cited by Rotha [ 44] La mort du soleil Germaine Dulac André Nox, Denis Lorys France Social drama, experimental techniques [ 45] Le Retour à la Raison Man Ray Alice Prin (Kiki de Montparnasse) France Insert film for a Dadist soirée [ 46] La Roue Abel Gance Séverin-Mars, Ivy Close France Lengthy melodrama utilizing extensive segments of "Russian montage" [ 22] La Souriante Madame Beudet Germaine Dulac Germaine Dermoz, Alexandre Arquillière France Social drama, experimental techniques. Considered one of the first feminist films. [ 47] Premiered 9 November 1923. [ 48] The Crazy Ray René Clair Henri Rollan, Charles Martinelli France Surrealist comedy with science-fiction angle [ 49] Rhythmus 23 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation. Several scholars have shown that Richter likely backdated his film; this was probably made at least several years later. [ 50] Salomé Charles R. Bryant Alla Nazimova , Mitchell Lewis United States Art Nouveau rendering of biblical story based on Aubrey Beardsley [ 51] Sea of Dreams Warren Newcombe Hazel Lindsley United States Futuristic fantasy; Lost film [ 52] 1924 The Adventures of Oktyabrina Grigori Kozintsev , Leonid Trauberg Zinaida Torkhovskaya, Yevgeni Kumeiko Soviet Union First production of FEKS; lost film [ 53] Aelita: Queen of Mars Iakov Protazanov Igor Ilyinsky , Mikhail Zharov Soviet Union Science-fiction film with Constructivist and Futurist sets. [ 54] Ballet Mécanique Fernand Léger , Dudley Murphy Alice Prin France Cubist film, with music score by George Antheil [ 55] [ 18] Entr'acte René Clair Alice Prin , Francis Picabia , Erik Satie , Man Ray , Marcel Duchamp France Dadaist insert film for Erik Satie 's ballet Relâche [ 56] The Fugitive Futurist Gaston Quiribet United Kingdom Comedy featuring "melting" wipe effect; futuristic projections on travel [ 57] L'Inhumaine Marcel L'Herbier Georgette Leblanc, Jacque Catelain France Highly stylized science fiction feature [ 58] Interplanetary Revolution Nikolai Khodotaev, Zenon Komisarenko, Yuri Merkolov Soviet Union Satire of Protazanov's Aelita: Queen of Mars Kino-Eye Dziga Vertov Soviet Union Opus III Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract animation[ citation needed ] Au secours! Abel Gance Max Linder , Jean Toulout France Horror-comedy, highly experimental in style [ 59] Symphonie Diagonale Viking Eggeling Sweden Abstract animation; in production from 1921. Soviet Toys Dziga Vertov Soviet Union Satirical animation and advertising [ 60] 1925 Les aventures de Robert Macaire Jean Epstein Jean Angelo , Alex Allin France Fantasy serial, cited in Rotha[ citation needed ] Battleship Potemkin Sergei Eisenstein Aleksandr Antonov, Grigori Alexandrov Soviet Union "Odessa Steps" sequence is a textbook example of Russian montage[ citation needed ] La fille de l'eau Jean Renoir Catherine Hessling , Pierre Champagne France Naturalist drama, surrealist influenced [ 61] Jean Cocteau fait du cinéma Jean Cocteau Jean Cocteau France 16mm short, Lost film [ 62] KIPHO Julius Pinschewer, Guido Seeber Weimar Republic Trailer for International Film Congress of Berlin, 1925 [ 63] Lebende Buddhas Paul Wegener Paul Wegener , Asta Nielsen Weimar Republic Fragment only; fragment is more experimental than Expressionist[ citation needed ] Opus IV Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic Abstract animation[ citation needed ] The Pottery Maker Robert J. Flaherty United States Semi-documentary, experimental in style [ 64] A Quoi revent les jeunes films? Henri Chomette, Man Ray France Lost film. Made as a collaboration between Chomette and Ray; later sub-divided into three different films. [ 65] Rebus Film Nr. 1 Paul Leni Weimar Republic Semi-abstract filmed puzzle, part of a series of eight films [ 66] Rhythmus 25 Hans Richter Weimar Republic Abstract animation; Lost film [ 67] Strike Sergei Eisenstein Soviet Union Stromlinien Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation [ 68] The Way Francis Brugière Sebastian Droste, Rosalinde Fuller United States Unrealized project, dated by Rotha to 1923 and often dated to 1929; 1925 is correct [ 69] 1926 Anémic cinéma Marcel Duchamp France Dadaist semi-animated film [ 70] Cinq minutes de cinéma pur Henri Chomette France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films? [ 65] Jeux des reflets et de la vitesse Henri Chomette France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films? [ citation needed ] Ménilmontant Dimitri Kirsanoff France Urban realist melodrama [ 71] Filmstudie Hans Richter Weimar Republic Merger between abstract animation and photographic abstraction [ 72] Moonland Neil McGuire, William A. O'Connor Mickey McBan United States Fantasy short, surrealist sets & situations [ 73] Mother Vsevolod Pudovkin Vera Baranovskaya, Nikolai Batalov Soviet Union Gripping social realist drama, heavy use of montage[ citation needed ] A Page of Madness Teinosuke Kinugasa Masuo Inoue, Yoshie Nakagawa Japan Surreal, intense representation of insanity using highly advanced film techniques. [ 74] Raumlichtkunst series Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation; multiple projector performances. Reconstructed 2012 by CVM in HD as a three projector installation. [ 75] Rien que les heures Alberto Cavalcanti Blanche Bernis, Nina Chousvalowa France City film[ citation needed ] Secrets of a Soul G. W. Pabst Werner Krauss , Ruth Weyher Weimar Republic Co-written with psychoanalysts Karl Abraham and Hanns Sachs , with dream sequence and sets by Ernő Metzner . A Sixth Part of the World Dziga Vertov Soviet Union Spirals Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract Animation; incorporates footage made several years earlier [ 76] Le voyage imaginaire René Clair Dolly Davis, Jean Bõrlin France Fantasy film with surrealist elements [ 77] Wax Experiments Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract Animation; incorporates footage going back to c. 1921 [ 76] 1927 Bed and Sofa Abram Room Nikolai Batalov, Vladimir Fogel , Lyudmila Semyonova Soviet Union Written by Viktor Shklovsky Berlin: Symphony of a Great City Walter Ruttmann Weimar Republic City film City Film Ralph Steiner United States Amateur City film [ 78] Combat de Boxe Charles Dekeukeleire Belgium Staging of boxing match, based on poem by Paul Werrie Emak-Bakia Man Ray Alice Prin France Extract from A Quoi revent les jeunes films? [ citation needed ] The End of St. Petersburg Vsevolod Pudovkin , Mikhail Doller Aleksandr Chistyakov, Vera Baranovskaya Soviet Union Historic epic[ citation needed ] La Glace à trois faces (The Three-Sided Mirror ) Jean Epstein Raymond Guérin-Catelain, Jeanne Helbling France Avant-garde projection of a narrative romance. [ 79] Les Halles centrales Boris Kaufman France City film [ 80] L'invitation au voyage Germaine Dulac Emma Gynt, Raymond Dubreuil France Impressionistic "Cinéma pur" [ 81] Die Landpartie Alex Strasser Weimar Republic Animated "grotesque" [ 82] Loony Lens Al Brick United States Anamorphic views; insert series to Fox Movietone newsreels, begun 1924, only 4 known, [ 73] [ 83] La marche des machines Eugène Deslaw France Semi-abstract art film of machinery; filmed by Boris Kaufman [ 84] München-Berlin Wanderung Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Photographic single-frame film. Not released until decades later. [ 85] Napoléon Abel Gance Albert Dieudonné , Antonin Artaud France Enormous historic epic, experimental techniques and multi-screen[ citation needed ] Magic Umbrella Jerome Hill United States Genre parody, filmed in Rome; color and sound added in 1965 [ 86] Orgelstabe Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation; series of experiments made over several years. [ 76] La p'tite Lili Alberto Cavalcanti Catherine Hessling , Jean Renoir France Naturalist short, street film[ citation needed ] Prelude Castleton Knight United Kingdom Experimental projection of Edgar Allan Poe 's The Premature Burial , conventionally framed. [ 87] En rade Alberto Cavalcanti Pierre Batcheff , Blanche Bernis France Urban realist melodrama [ 71] Seelische Konstruktionen Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation. [ 85] Sur un air de Charleston Jean Renoir Catherine Hessling , Johnny Hudgins France Silly, surrealist dance short with sci-fi elements[ citation needed ] Le train sans yeux Alberto Cavalcanti Hans Mierendorff, Gina Manès France Written by Louis Delluc [ citation needed ] Vieux châteaux Eugène Deslaw Zet Molan France Artful semi-documentary [ 84] Wing Beat Kenneth MacPherson United Kingdom Your Acquaintance Lev Kuleshov Pyotr Galadzhev, Aleksandra Khokhlova , Yuri Vasilchikov Soviet Union Art direction by Aleksandr Rodchenko. Only a fragment survives. 1928 L'Argent Marcel L'Herbier Brigitte Helm , Alfred Abel France Experimental, modernized treatment of Zola novel[ citation needed ] Blue Bottles Ivor Montagu Elsa Lanchester , Joe Beckett United Kingdom Hybrid of experimental style and slapstick comedy [ 88] De Brug (The Bridge) Joris Ivens Netherlands Celles qui s'en font Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music[ citation needed ] The Fall of the House of Usher Jean Epstein Jean Debucourt, Marguerite Gance France Horror, highly stylized[ citation needed ] Disque 957 Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music [ 89] The Eleventh Year Dziga Vertov Soviet Union L'Étoile de mer Man Ray Alice Prin France Surrealist film financed by Charles De Noailles; written by Robert Desnos Ghosts Before Breakfast Hans Richter Weimar Republic Dadaist fantasy[ citation needed ] Grotesken im Schnee Alex Strasser, Lotte Reiniger Weimar Republic Animated "grotesque" with sillouhettes [ 82] Hände Stella Simon, Miklós Bandy Weimar Republic Stylized love story utilizing only hands; made in silent and sound versions [ 90] Inflation Hans Richter Weimar Republic Montage made for the feature Der Dame mit der Maske (1928). [ 91] Visual abstraction on the subject of runaway inflation in Weimar-era Germany. Impatience Charles Dekeukeleire Yvonne Selma Belgium Photographic abstract film[ citation needed ] In the Shadow of the Machine Albrecht Viktor Blum, Leo Lania Weimar Republic Montage made of footage shot by Dziga Vertov for A Sixth Part of the World Johann the Coffin Maker Robert Florey United States Horror short, Lost film[ citation needed ] Jûjiro Teinosuke Kinugasa Akiko Chihaya, Junosuke Bando Japan Expressionistic treatment of Samurai story [ 92] The Last Moment Paul Fejos Otto Matieson, Lucille La Verne United States Independently-made, experimental feature; Lost film[ citation needed ] The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra Robert Florey , Slavko Vorkapich Jules Raucourt, George Voya United States Ultra low budget anti-Hollywood film [ 93] [ 94] The Love of Zero Robert Florey Anielka Elter , Captain Marco Elter United States [ 90] Les nuits électriques Eugène Deslaw France Semi-abstract art film of neon signs [ 95] October, a.k.a. Ten Days That Shook the World Sergei Eisenstein Nikolay Popov, Vasily Nikandrov Soviet Union Contains Eisenstein's most radical uses of montage[ citation needed ] Le petite marchande d'alumettes Jean Renoir , Jean Tedesco Catherine Hessling , Eric Barclay France Fantasy short with surrealist elements [ 96] Praha v záři světel (Prague Shining in Lights) Svatopluk Innemann Czechoslovakia City film [ 97] Rennsymphonie Hans Richter Weimar Republic The Seashell and the Clergyman Germaine Dulac Alex Allin, Genica Athanasiou France Surrealist dream film written by Antonin Artaud . Often dated to 1927, but premiered in Paris, 9 February 1928. [ 98] The Tell-Tale Heart Charles Klein Charles Darvas, Hans Fuerberg United States Horror short [ 99] Thèmes et Variations Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music [ 100] There It Is Charles Bowers Charles Bowers , Kathryn McGuire United States Two reel comedy, absurd in the extreme[ citation needed ] Twenty-Four Dollar Island Robert J. Flaherty United States City film, variously dated to 1926, 1927. Premiered in NYC, 1 January 1928 [ 101] Überfall Ernő Metzner Weimar Republic The Fall of the House of Usher James Sibley Watson , Melville Webber United States Short film Koko's Earth Control Dave Fleischer , Max Fleischer Koko the Clown United States Animated cartoon with exceptional visual dynamism; flash frames[ citation needed ] Zvenigora Oleksandr Dovzhenko Mikola Nademsky, Semen Svashenko, Alexander Podorozhny Soviet Union Film poem with fantasy elements [ 102] 1929 Alles dreht sich, alles bewegt sich (Everything Turns, Everything Revolves) Hans Richter Weimar Republic Sound; music by Walter Gronostay . Only roughly half of this 15-minute experimental short still survives. [ 103] [ 104] Arsenal Oleksandr Dovzhenko Amvrosy Buchma , Georgiy Kharkiv, Semyon Svashenko Soviet Union The Bridge Charles Vidor Nicholas Bela, Charles Darvas United States Experimental narrative film based on Ambrose Bierce story, also known as The Spy; sometimes dated 1930-31[ citation needed ] Brumes d'automne Dimitri Kirsanoff Nadia Sibirskaïa France Film poem, with synchronized music track [ 71] [ 105] Dr Turner's Mental Home Dora Carrington , Beakus Penrose United Kingdom Short, experimental melodrama. Not publicly screened. Drifters John Grierson United Kingdom Documentary with a distinctly modernist orientation [ 106] Étude cinégraphique sur une arabesque Germaine Dulac France Visualization of music [ 107] Every Day Hans Richter Sergei Eisenstein , Basil Wright United Kingdom Artful semi-documentary about everyday life [ 108] H2O Ralph Steiner United States Histoire de détective Charles Dekeukeleire Pierre Bourgeois Belgium Semi-abstract film; despite the title, not a detective story[ citation needed ] Images d'Ostende Henri Storck Belgium Impressionen vom alten Marseiller Hafen (Vieux Port) László Moholy-Nagy Weimar Republic City film[ citation needed ] Lullaby Boris Deutsch Riva Deutsch, Michael Visaroff United States Expressionist drama, likely incomplete; Horak dates it to 1925 [ 52] Man with a Movie Camera Dziga Vertov Soviet Union Monkey's Moon Kenneth MacPherson Montparnasse Eugène Deslaw Luis Buñuel , Filippo Marinetti France City film, with synchronized sound [ 109] My Grandmother Kote Mikaberidze Aleksandr Takaishvili, Bella Chernova Georgia Eccentric combination of avant-garde and social comedy[ citation needed ] Les Mystères du Château de Dé Man Ray Man Ray , Georges Auric France Surrealist short funded by Charles De Noailles[ citation needed ] The New Babylon Grigori Kozintsev , Leonid Trauberg David Gutman, Yelena Kuzmina Soviet Union Production of the Factory of the Eccentric Actor [ 110] La Perle Henri D'Ursel Georges Hugnet, Kissa Kouprine, Renee Savoye, Mary Stutz Belgium Experimental narrative film. [ 111] Pour vos beaux yeux Henri Storck Belgium Rain Joris Ivens , Mannus Franken Netherlands Skyscraper Symphony Robert Florey United States City film [ 112] The Storming of La Sarraz Hans Richter , Sergei Eisenstein , Ivor Montagu Béla Balász, Léon Moussinac Weimar Republic Made during a film conference; Lost film[ citation needed ] Studie Nr. 1 Oskar Fischinger Weimar Republic Abstract animation. [ 76] Tusalava Len Lye New Zealand Abstract animation [ 113] Un Chien Andalou Luis Buñuel Pierre Batcheff , Simone Mareuil France Short surrealist film written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí [ citation needed ] War Under the Sea M.G. MacPherson, Jean Michelson United States Artkino [ 114] production; Lost film [ 78] 
