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This is a list of nations by when they recognized the United States. [1]
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This is a list of nations by when they recognized the United States. [1]
| State | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Morocco | June 23, 1777 | Morocco implicitly recognized the United States in 1777, [2] [3] after Sultan Mohammed III signed a decree granting American ships protection and free access to Moroccan ports. [4] The Sultan previously expressed his desire to be a "friend of the Americans". [4] Morocco formally recognized the United States on June 23, 1786, when a treaty of peace and friendship was signed. [5] |
| France | February 6, 1778 [6] | Treaty of peace and trade signed by the Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes on the behalf of King Louis XVI. Louis XVI previously stated that he recognized the sovereignty of the United States on December 6, 1777 but he had not signed the treaty. [6] |
| The Netherlands | April 19, 1782 | The first official acknowledgement of the sovereignty of the United States of America was on November 16, 1776, when the first foreign salute [7] was given to the American Flag. The gun salute was given to the vessel USS Andrew Doria in Fort Orange on the Dutch island of St. Eustatius. [8] [9] This event is known as the 'first salute' [10] [11] |
| Portugal | February 15, 1783 [12] | Diplomatic relations only began in 1791 following the Revolutionary War. [13] |
| Spain | February 20, 1783 [ citation needed ] | On September 4, 1776, Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga recognised the United States as a nation in his correspondence with General Lee, addressing him with the title "General of the United States of America". [14] This term was transmitted to Joseph Reed and George Washington. [15] [16] |
| Sweden | April 3, 1783 [17] | Officially in 1783 with "The Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce". Unofficially the Swedish king Gustav III was the first head of state to recognise USA in 1777 [18] and expressed his excitement about "this new republic" in October 1786. [19] |
| Ragusa | July 7, 1783 [20] | de facto recognition |
| Venice | August 1783 [21] | |
| Great Britain | September 3, 1783 | Signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing U.S. independence. |
| Papal States | December 15, 1784 | |
| Prussia | September 18, 1785 | |
| Hamburg | June 17, 1790 | |
| Genoa | October 25, 1791 | |
| Denmark-Norway | June 9, 1792 | |
| Bremen | May 28, 1794 | |
| Tuscany | May 29, 1794 | Exact date of recognition unknown, but occurred between May 29, 1794 and December 7, 1796. |
| Tunisia | March 28, 1795 [22] | Some time in mid-1795. |
| Algeria | September, 1795 [23] | September 5, 1795. |
| Naples | May 20, 1796 | |
| Tripolitania | November 4, 1796 | |
| Austria | 1797 | Month and day unspecified |
| Piedmont-Sardinia | 1802 | Month and day unspecified |
| Russian Empire | October 28, 1803 [24] | |
| Mecklenburg-Schwerin | January 22, 1816 | |
| Gran Colombia | June 19, 1822 | As ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary on behalf of Gran Colombia Credentials are presented by Manuel Torres who established diplomatic relations with the United States and in turn is received as the first ambassador of Colombia by U.S. President James Monroe on June 19, 1822. This act represented the first U.S. recognition of a former Spanish colony's independence. |
| Mexico | December 12, 1822 | |
| Württemberg | November 21, 1825 | |
| Hawaii | December 23, 1826 [25] | |
| Hesse | May 14, 1829 | |
| Switzerland | November 30, 1829 | |
| Oldenburg | December 2, 1829 | |
| Hanover | January 8, 1830 | |
| Ottoman Empire | February 11, 1830 | |
| Baden | July 13, 1832 | |
| Bavaria | July 4, 1833 | |
| Oman | September 21, 1833 [26] | |
| Republic of Texas | March 3, 1837 [27] | |
| China | June 16, 1844 [28] | |
| Nassau | May 27, 1846 | |
| Brunswick | April 5, 1848 | |
| Parma | June 1850 | |
| Iran | June 28, 1850 | |
| Schaumburg-Lippe | June 16, 1852 | |
| Mecklenburg-Strelitz | December 2, 1853 | |
| Japan | March 31, 1854 | Perry Expedition |
| Ryukyu | July 11, 1854 | |
| Italy | April 11, 1861 [29] | |
| Orange Free State | December 22, 1871 [30] | |
| Serbia | October 14, 1881 [31] | |
| Korea | May 22, 1882 [32] | |
| Abyssinia (Ethiopia) | December 27, 1903 [33] | |
| Montenegro | October 30, 1905 [34] | |
| Yugoslavia | February 10, 1919 [35] | |
| Poland | May 2, 1919 [36] | |
| Afghanistan | July 26, 1921 [37] | |
| Albania | July 28, 1922 | |
| Canada | February 18, 1927 [38] | |
| South Africa | November 5, 1929 [39] | |
| Iraq | January 9, 1930 [40] | |
| Soviet Union | November 16, 1933 [24] [41] | |
| Philippines | July 4, 1946 | |
| Pakistan | August 15, 1947 | |
| South Korea | January 1, 1949 [42] | |
| Taiwan | December 19, 1949 [28] | |
| South Vietnam | February 7, 1950 [43] | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | April 7, 1992 [44] | |
| Slovenia | April 7, 1992 [45] | |
| North Macedonia | February 9, 1994 [46] | |
| Vietnam | January 28, 1995 [43] | |
| Serbia and Montenegro | November 12, 2000 [47] | |
| East Timor | May 20, 2002 [48] | |
| Kosovo | February 18, 2008 [49] | |
| South Sudan | July 9, 2011 [50] | |
| Cook Islands | September 25, 2023 [51] | |
| Niue | September 25, 2023 [52] |
The following lists events that happened in 1940 in Iceland.
The Orange Free State and the United States began relations in 1871 with the U.S. recognizing the former, but formal relations were never established and ended in 1902 after the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging concluding the Second Boer War.
The Ryukyu Kingdom and the United States formally recognized each other in 1857, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Since the Kingdom was a tributary state to China, formal relations could only be conducted by both China and Japan. The relationship between both countries were merely economic as the U.S. much like its European counterparts were interested in establishing trade routes accessing the Kingdom's ports.
The Duchy of Parma and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1850 with formal relations established in 1853. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1860 when the Duchy was incorporated into Kingdom of Sardinia then into the Kingdom of Italy the following year in 1861.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the United States formally recognized each other in 1794, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Despite this, both countries appointed representatives and established diplomatic offices until 1860 when the Grand Duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
Relations between the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the United States date back to 1796 when the U.S. was recognized by the Kingdom of Naples. Relations with the Kingdom continued when Naples reunified with the Kingdom of Sicily which founded the Kingdom of Two Sicilies in 1816. Formal relations were not established until 1832. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1861 when Two Sicilies was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
Relations between the Papal States and the United States date back to the American Revolution when the first official contact between both countries occurred in 1784. Formal relations weren't established until 1848. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1870 when the Papal States were incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
Relations between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the United States began in 1802 with mutual recognition, but formal relations were not established until 1839. Diplomatic relations ceased in 1861 when Sardinia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
The Republic of Genoa recognized the United States in 1791, but both countries never established formal diplomatic relations. Relations continued until 1805 when the Republic was annexed by France under Napoleon.
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the United States began relations in 1848 with mutual recognition but both countries never established formal relations. Relations continued in 1867 when the Duchy joined the North German Confederation. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
The Kingdom of Hanover and the United States began relations with mutual recognition in 1830 but never formulated diplomatic ties. All ties came to an abrupt halt when Hanover was defeated during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and subsequently merged directly into the Kingdom of Prussia. From this point, Hanover had relations with the United States as a part of the Kingdom of Prussia.
The German Empire and the United States established relations in 1848. Relations would eventually be terminated a year later in 1849 when the Empire was dissolved and the German Confederation was re-established.
Relations between the Free Cities of Bremen, Lübeck, and Hamburg and the United States date back to 1790s when Hamburg became the first of the republics to recognized the U.S. on June 17, 1790. Bremen followed suit on March 28, 1794. Diplomatic relations were formally established in October 1853 when the U.S. received Rudolph Schleiden as Minister Resident of the Hanseatic Legation in Washington, D.C. Relations ended in 1868 as the republics joined North German Confederation.
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1816, but formal relations were never established. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1853, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
After the Austro-Prussian War the North German Confederation was established in 1866 with the United States recognizing the Confederation in 1867. Formal diplomatic relations were never established. Four years later the Confederation later merged with the German Empire where relations continued.
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and the United States began mutual recognition in 1829 but never established formal relations. Relations continued when the Duchy joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
The Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the United States mutually recognized each other in 1845, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Relations continued when the Principality joined the North German Confederation in 1867 then joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
The Kingdom of Württemberg and the United States began relations in 1825 when both countries mutually recognized each other. Relations continued when Württemberg joined the German Empire in 1871. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{citation}}: Check |url= value (help){{citation}}: Check |url= value (help){{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)On December 23, 1826, the U.S. signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Hawaii thus indirectly recognizing Hawaiian independence.
The first formal act of diplomatic engagement and recognition between the United States and the Sultanate of Oman occurred on September 21, 1833, when a bilateral treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed at Muscat by Special Agent Edmund Roberts and His Majesty Seyed Syeed bin Sultan of Muscat.
The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1837, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas.
The United States officially recognized the Kingdom of Italy when it accepted the credentials of Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy on April 11, 1861.
The first known act of recognition between the United States and the Republic of the Orange Free State occurred in 1871 when plenipotentiaries for the two states signed a Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871.
The United States recognized the Kingdom of Serbia as a sovereign nation on October 14, 1881, with the signing of consular and commercial agreements between the two nations.
The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty.
On February 7, 1919, the United States recognized the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes through a statement released to the press by the U.S. Acting Secretary of State Frank Polk. The United States considered this new state as the successor state to the Kingdom of Serbia.
The United States recognized Afghanistan on July 26, 1921, when President Warren G. Harding received a mission of the Afghan Government at the White House.
The United States recognized Canada as an independent state with autonomous control over its foreign relations on February 18, 1927, when Vincent Massey presented his credentials in Washington as Canadian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
The United States recognized the Union of South Africa on November 5, 1929, when President Herbert Hoover accepted the credentials of Eric Hendrik Louw as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Union of South Africa.
The United States recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, when Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, signed the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London.
Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Russia were interrupted in 1917 and were resumed on November 16, 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt informed Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov that the United States recognized the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and wished to establish normal diplomatic relations.
January 1, 1949: U.S. Official Recognition of the Republic of Korea
The United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
The United States recognized Slovenia as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
The United States recognized Kosovo's independence and agreed to establish diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008, when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice released a press statement announcing President George W. Bush's decisions.