List of members of the Black Panther Party

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Courtroom sketch of Black Panthers Bobby Seale, George W. Sams, Jr., Warren Kimbro, and Ericka Huggins, during the 1970 New Haven Black Panther trials. Sketch of four head representations, including Ericka Huggins, Warren Kimbro, Bobby G. Seale and George Sams Jr.jpg
Courtroom sketch of Black Panthers Bobby Seale, George W. Sams, Jr., Warren Kimbro, and Ericka Huggins, during the 1970 New Haven Black Panther trials.

This is an alphabetical referenced list of members of the Black Panther Party, including those notable for being Panthers as well as former Panthers who became notable for other reasons. This list does not include outside supporters, sympathizers, or allies.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">COINTELPRO</span> Series of covert and illegal projects by the FBI

COINTELPRO was a series of covert and illegal projects conducted between 1956 and 1971 by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting American political organizations that the FBI perceived as subversive. Groups and individuals targeted by the FBI included feminist organizations, the Communist Party USA, anti-Vietnam War organizers, activists in the civil rights and Black power movements, environmentalist and animal rights organizations, the American Indian Movement (AIM), Chicano and Mexican-American groups like the Brown Berets and the United Farm Workers, and independence movements. Although the program primarily focused on organizations that were part of the broader New Left, they also targeted white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bobby Seale</span> Co-founder of the Black Panther Party (born 1936)

Robert George Seale is an American engineer, political activist and author. Seale is widely known for co-founding the Black Panther Party with fellow activist Huey P. Newton. Founded as the "Black Panther Party for Self-Defense", the Party's main practice was monitoring police activities and challenging police brutality in black communities, first in Oakland, California, and later in cities throughout the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eldridge Cleaver</span> American activist (1935–1998)

Leroy Eldridge Cleaver was an American writer and political activist who became an early leader of the Black Panther Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Hampton</span> African-American activist (1948–1969)

Fredrick Allen Hampton Sr. was an American Marxist-Leninist revolutionary. He came to prominence in his late teens and early 20s in Chicago as deputy chairman of the national Black Panther Party and chair of the Illinois chapter. As a progressive African American, he founded the anti-racist, anti-classist Rainbow Coalition, a prominent multicultural political organization that initially included the Black Panthers, Young Patriots, and the Young Lords, and an alliance among major Chicago street gangs to help them end infighting and work for social change. Hampton considered fascism the greatest threat, saying "nothing is more important than stopping fascism, because fascism will stop us all."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Liberation Army</span> American underground, black nationalist militant organization

The Black Liberation Army (BLA) was an underground Marxist–Leninist, black-nationalist militant organization that operated in the United States from 1970 to 1981. Composed of former Black Panthers (BPP) and Republic of New Afrika (RNA) members who served above ground before going underground, the organization's program was one of war against the United States government, and its stated goal was to "take up arms for the liberation and self-determination of black people in the United States." Groups calling themselves the BLA carried out bombings, killings of police officers and random Caucasians, robberies, and prison breaks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geronimo Pratt</span> American political activist (1947–2011)

Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt, also known as Geronimo Ji-Jaga and Geronimo Ji-Jaga Pratt, was a decorated military veteran and a high-ranking member of the Black Panther Party in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Born in Louisiana, he served two tours in Vietnam, receiving several decorations. He moved to Los Angeles, where he studied at UCLA under the GI Bill and joined the Black Panther Party. He was wrongfully convicted and imprisoned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black power movement</span> African-American social, political & cultural movement in the United States

The black power movement or black liberation movement emerged in mid-1960s from the civil rights movement in the United States, reacting against its moderate, mainstream, and incremental tendencies and representing the demand for more immediate action to counter American white supremacy. Many of its ideas were influenced by Malcolm X's criticism of Martin Luther King Jr.'s peaceful protest methods. The 1965 assassination of Malcolm X, coupled with the urban riots of 1964 and 1965, ignited the movement. While thinkers such as Robert F. Williams and Malcolm X influenced the early movement, the Black Panther Party's views are widely seen as the cornerstone. They were influenced by philosophies such as pan-Africanism, black nationalism, and socialism, as well as contemporary events including the Cuban Revolution and the decolonization of Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sundiata Acoli</span> American political activist

Sundiata Acoli is an American political activist who was a member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. He was sentenced to life in prison in 1974 for murdering a New Jersey state trooper. Acoli was granted parole in 2022 at the age of 85.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bunchy Carter</span> American activist

Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter was an American activist. Carter is credited as a founding member of the Southern California chapter of the Black Panther Party. Carter was shot and killed by a rival group, Ron Karenga's "Us", and is celebrated by his supporters as a martyr in the Black Power movement in the United States. Carter is portrayed by Gaius Charles in the 2015 TV series Aquarius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuwasi Balagoon</span> American anarchist activist (1946–1986)

Kuwasi Balagoon, born Donald Weems, was an American political activist, anarchist and member of the Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army. Radicalised by race riots in his home state of Maryland growing up, as well as by his experiences while serving in the US Army, Weems became the black nationalist known as Kuwasi Balagoon in New York City in the late 1960s. First becoming involved in local Afrocentric organisations in Harlem, Balagoon would move on to become involved in the New York chapter of the Black Panther Party, which quickly saw him charged and arrested for criminal behaviour. Balagoon was initially part of the Panther 21 case, in which 21 panthers were accused of planning to bomb several locations in New York City, but although the Panther 21 were later acquitted, Balagoon's case was separated off and he was convicted of a New Jersey bank robbery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Huggins</span> American activist

John Jerome Huggins Jr. was an American activist. He was the leader in the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party who was killed by black nationalist US Organization members at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) campus in January 1969. As part of COINTELPRO, the FBI sent forged letters to Black Nationalists to inflame tensions between the Panthers and US organisation. Lary 'Watani' Stiner and his brother, were accused and charged for Huggins' assassination.

Alex Rackley was an American activist who was a member of the New York chapter of the Black Panther Party (BPP) in the late-1960s. In May 1969, Rackley was suspected by other Panthers of being a police informant. He was brought to Panther headquarters in New Haven, Connecticut, held captive and tortured there for several days, condemned to death, taken to the wetlands of Middlefield, Connecticut, and murdered there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George W. Sams Jr.</span> Member of the Black Panther Party

George W. Sams Jr. was a member of the Black Panther Party convicted in the 1969 murder of New York Panther Alex Rackley, which resulted in the New Haven Black Panther trials of 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Haven Black Panther trials</span> 1969-71 criminal prosecutions

In 1969-1971 there was a series of criminal prosecutions in New Haven, Connecticut, against various members and associates of the Black Panther Party. The charges ranged from criminal conspiracy to first-degree murder. All charges stemmed from the murder of 19-year-old Alex Rackley in the early hours of May 21, 1969. The trials became a rallying-point for the American Left, and marked a decline in public support, even among the black community, for the Black Panther Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warren Kimbro</span> American murderer (1934–2009)

Warren Aloysious Kimbro was a Black Panther Party member in New Haven, Connecticut who was found guilty of the May 21, 1969, murder of New York City Panther Alex Rackley, in the first of the New Haven Black Panther trials in 1970.

Lonnie McLucas was a Black Panther Party member in Bridgeport, Connecticut who was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder for his involvement in the May 21, 1969 murder of New York City Panther Alex Rackley, in the first of the New Haven Black Panther trials in 1970.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kathleen Cleaver</span> American law professor and activist

Kathleen Neal Cleaver is an American law professor and activist, known for her involvement with the Black Power movement and the Black Panther Party, a political and revolutionary.

Dhoruba al-Mujahid bin Wahad is an American writer and activist, Black Panther Party leader and co-founder of the Black Liberation Army. Dhoruba, in Swahili, means "the storm".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Panther Party</span> US political organization (1966–1982)

The Black Panther Party was a Marxist–Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The party was active in the United States between 1966 and 1982, with chapters in many major American cities, including San Francisco, New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia. They were also active in many prisons and had international chapters in the United Kingdom and Algeria. Upon its inception, the party's core practice was its open carry patrols ("copwatching") designed to challenge the excessive force and misconduct of the Oakland Police Department. From 1969 onward, the party created social programs, including the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, education programs, and community health clinics. The Black Panther Party advocated for class struggle, claiming to represent the proletarian vanguard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ericka Huggins</span> American activist and educator (born 1948)

Ericka Huggins is an American activist, writer, and educator. She is a former leading member of the Black Panther Party (BPP). She was married to fellow BPP member John Huggins in 1968.

References

  1. ↑ Spencer, Robyn C. (2016). ""I Am We": The Demise of the Black Panther Party, 1977-1982". The Revolution Has Come: Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland. Duke University Press. pp. 188–193. doi:10.2307/j.ctv11cw9mt.11. ISBN   9780822362753. JSTOR   j.ctv11cw9mt.11. LCCN   2016023568.
  2. ↑ Williams, Timothy (7 December 2011). "Execution Case Dropped Against Mumia Abu-Jamal in Officer's Killing". New York Times . Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  3. ↑ Juang, Richard M. (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN   9781851094417.
  4. ↑ Funk, Luke (10 May 2022). "NJ Supreme Court orders Sundiata Acoli eligible for parole; killed state trooper in 1973". Fox 5 New York . Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  5. ↑ "Anarchist Panther". Anarchist Panther. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  6. ↑ "Richard_Aoki". Itsabouttimebpp.com. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  7. ↑ Rosenfeld, Seth (20 August 2012). "Activist Richard Aoki named as informant". San Francisco Chronicle .
  8. ↑ Allah, Dasun, Black Panther Charles Barron Invades New York City Council, Hip Hop Wired, 11 March 2010
  9. ↑ Snyder, Molly (25 February 2020). "Profiles in Milwaukee history: activist Lucille Berrien". OnMilwaukee. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  10. ↑ Fimrite, Peter (23 February 2005). "Park ranger killer's parole is delayed". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  11. ↑ "Inmate Locator".
  12. ↑ Fimrite, Peter, William Lee Brent – former Black Panther hijacked jet to Cuba, San Francisco Chronicle, 20 November 2006
  13. ↑ Grigsby, Karen. "Green Party Black Caucus Journal: Elaine Brown Withdraws From Green Party Presidential Race". Gpblackcaucus.blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
  14. 1 2 3 Tillet, Salamishah (2 October 2015). "The Panthers' Revolutionary Feminism". New York Times . Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "Ex-Black Panther convicted of murder". CNN . 9 March 2002.
  16. ↑ Risen, Clay (17 November 2021). "Ed Bullins, Leading Playwright of the Black Arts Movement, Dies at 86". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  17. ↑ Kaufman, Michael T. "Stokely Carmichael, Rights Leader Who Coined 'Black Power,' Dies at 57", New York Times , 16 November 1998. Accessed 27 March 2008. (alternate url)
  18. 1 2 Gordon, Larry, UCLA students memorialize 1969 Black Panther slayings, Los Angeles Times , 26 May 2010
  19. 1 2 3 Haas, Jeffrey (2011). The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther. Chicago Review Press. ISBN   9781569767092.
  20. ↑ Kifner, John (2 May 1998). "Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther Who Became G.O.P. Conservative, Is Dead at 62, Cleavers Lieutenant and former Panther Bud Williams (mid 1970s) was shocked by the passing of his former brother". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  21. ↑ "Ex-Black Panther leader, convicted of killing cop, released from prison". The Baltimore Sun. 4 March 2014.
  22. ↑ Weber, Bruce (13 March 2011). "D.L. Cox, a Leader of Radicals During 1960s, Dies at 74". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  23. ↑ Modie, Neil, "As an Anti-war Candidate, Dixon Says he is no Spoiler" Seattle Post-Intelligencer , 9 March 2006
  24. ↑ Zack, Jessica Werner,"The Black Panthers advocated armed struggle. Emory Douglas' weapon of choice? The pen," San Francisco Chronicle 28 May 2007.
  25. ↑ "Duren (B. Kwaku) papers". Online Archive of California. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  26. ↑ Kimberley, Margaret (31 July 2021). "Glen Ford's Journalism Fought for Black Liberation and Against Imperialism". Truthout . Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  27. ↑ "New play celebrates Kent Ford, co-founder of Portland's Black Panther Party". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  28. ↑ Hartle, Robert (2010). The Highs & Lows of Little Five: A History of Little Five Points. The History Press. ISBN   9781596298743.
  29. ↑ "Black Panther Founder to Teach Courses at U. New Mexico". New York Times . Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  30. ↑ Mitchell, John (11 March 1988). "Ex-Panthers Reunite at Leader's Funeral". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  31. ↑ Hunt, Emily (10 August 2011). "As Big as Ever: Over 40 years ago, Elbert 'Big Man' Howard helped found the Black Panthers. Now living in Sonoma County, he's still on the prowl". North Bay Bohemian . Santa Rosa, California . Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  32. ↑ Shelton, Gwendolyn L. "Bobby James Hutton (1950–1968)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
  33. ↑ Moynihan, Colin, Oscar Nomination Caps Columbia Film Professor’s Long Journey, New York Times , 21 February 2008
  34. ↑ Tobar, Hector (19 April 2013). "Judy Juanita and her 'Virgin Soul'". Los Angeles Times.
  35. ↑ "Magora Kennedy: Meet The 83-Year-Old Reverend And Stonewall Veteran". The Advocate- . 14 December 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  36. ↑ Mitchell, Russ (21 October 2007). "The Incomparable Chaka Khan". CBS News . Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  37. 1 2 3 Bass, Paul; Rae, Douglas W. (2009). Murder in the Model City: The Black Panthers, Yale, and the Redemption of a Killer. Basic Books. ISBN   9780786735853.
  38. ↑ Sabir, Wanda, 'Review – From the Bottom of the Heap: The Autobiography of Black Panther Robert Hillary King, San Francisco Bay View, 18 November 2008.
  39. ↑ Robertson, Darryl (4 November 2016). "A Look Back At Black Panther Women Amid The Party's 50th Anniversary". VIBE.com. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  40. ↑ Bloom, Joshua; Martin, Waldo (2013). Black against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party. University of California Press. pp. 249–257. ISBN   9780520953543.
  41. ↑ Stein, Mark A.; Basheda, Valarie (22 August 1989). "Huey Newton Found Shot to Death on Oakland Street: Black Panthers Founder Killed in High Drug Area". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  42. ↑ "Kojo Nnamdi Biography". The HistoryMakers. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  43. ↑ Latifi, Ali Muhammad (3 February 2011). "Kojo Nnamdi: From Black Power Radical to D.C. Power Player". Generation Progress. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  44. ↑ McKinley Jr, James C. (23 November 1997). "A Black Panther's Mellow Exile: Farming in Africa". The New York Times.
  45. ↑ Mandel, William (1999). Saying No to Power: Autobiography of a 20th Century Activist and Thinker. Berkeley, California: Creative Arts Book Company. ISBN   9780887392863.
  46. ↑ Olsen, Jack (2001). Last Man Standing: The Tragedy and Triumph of Geronimo Pratt. Anchor Books. ISBN   9780385493680.
  47. ↑ Garcia, Michelle (4 December 2005). "For a Former Panther, Solidarity After the Storm". Washington Post . Retrieved 11 June 2006.
  48. ↑ Lester, Paul (8 April 2011). "Nile Rodgers: 'Your music is your soul'". The Guardian . Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  49. ↑ Abu-Jamal, Mumia (2004). We Want Freedom: A Life in the Black Panther Party. South End Press. pp. 194, 257. ISBN   9780896087187.
  50. ↑ Eppstein, Jason (4 December 1969). "A Special Supplement: The Trial of Bobby Seale". The New York Review of Books . Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  51. ↑ Wright, Bruce C. T. (17 December 2021). "Russell 'Maroon' Shoatz, Former Black Liberation Army Soldier And Prison Abolitionist, Dies At 78". Newsone. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  52. ↑ Hevesi, Dennis. "Michael Tabor, Black Panther Who Fled to Algeria, Dies at 63", The New York Times , October 23, 2010. Accessed October 15, 2022.
  53. ↑ Rosenberg, Scott (6 July 1979). "Sociobiology Pioneer Joins Black Panthers". The Harvard Crimson. The Harvard Crimson, Inc.
  54. ↑ "Denise Oliver-Velez – She's Beautiful When She's Angry". Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  55. ↑ Georgakas, Dan; Surkin, Marvin (1998). Detroit, I Do Mind Dying. South End Press. pp. 50, 73, 77. ISBN   9780896085718.
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