This is a list of oven types. An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating, baking or drying of a substance, [1] and most commonly used for cooking or for industrial processes (industrial oven). Kilns and furnaces are special-purpose ovens. Kilns have historically been used in the production of pottery, quicklime, charcoal, etc., while furnaces are mainly used in metalworking (metallurgical furnace) and other industrial processes (industrial furnace).
Ovens historically have been made by either digging the heating chamber into the earth, or by building them from various materials:
Modern ovens are made of industrial materials.
An earth oven, or cooking pit, is one of the most simple and long-used cooking structures. At its simplest, an earth oven is a pit in the ground used to trap heat and bake, smoke, or steam food. Earth ovens have been used in many places and cultures in the past, and the presence of such cooking pits is a key sign of human settlement often sought by archaeologists. They remain a common tool for cooking large quantities of food where no equipment is available.
| Name | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Barbecue |  | Barbecue is both a cooking method and apparatus.
|
| Hāngī |  | A traditional New Zealand Māori method of cooking food using heated rocks buried in a pit oven still used for special occasions. |
| Huatia | ||
| Kalua |  | |
| Pachamanca |  |
See below under "Baking ovens", both for masonry oven in general and for various types.
Broadly speaking, ovens have always been used either for cooking, prominently for baking; or for industrial purposes – for producing metals out of ores, charcoal, coke, ceramic, etc.
Baking is a food cooking method that uses prolonged dry heat by convection, rather than by thermal radiation, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones. [2] Bread is a commonly baked food.
| Name | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| AGA cooker |  | A heat storage oven and cooker, which works on the principle that a heavy frame made from cast iron components can absorb heat from a relatively low-intensity but continuously-burning source, and the accumulated heat can then be used when needed for cooking. |
| Bachelor griller |  | |
| Beehive oven |  | |
| Chorkor oven | ||
| Clome oven |  | |
| Communal oven |  | |
| Convection microwave |  | |
| Convection oven |  | |
| Cooker |  | May refer to several types of cooking appliances and devices used for cooking foods |
| Dutch oven |  | |
| Easy-Bake Oven |  | |
| Egyptian egg oven |  | |
| Halogen oven |  | |
| Haybox |  | |
| Horno |  | |
| Hot Box (appliance) |  | |
| Kitchen stove |  | |
| Kitchener range | ||
| Masonry oven |  | In Arabic-speaking countries, the masonry oven is called "furn," derived from the Greek word "fournos" |
| Kyoto box | ||
| Microwave oven | ||
| Reflector oven |  | |
| Rotimatic | An automatic kitchen robot that bakes rotis and tortillas | |
| Russian oven |  | |
| Self-cleaning oven | ||
| Solar cooker |  | |
| Roaster oven | An electric table or cabinet top popular in the 1950s. Large enough to bake turkeys, they had removable inserts which held the food and a lid, often with a glass insert. | |
| Tabun oven |  | |
| Tandoor |  | |
| Tannur |  | May be used for either baking or cooking |
| Toaster and toaster oven |  | |
| Trivection oven | ||
| Wood-fired oven |  |
Industrial ovens are heated chambers used for a variety of industrial applications, including drying, curing, or baking components, parts or final products. Industrial ovens can be used for large or small volume applications, in batches or continuously with a conveyor line, and a variety of temperature ranges, sizes and configurations.
| Name | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Batch oven | A type of furnace used for thermal processing. They are used in numerous production and laboratory applications. | |
| Burn-in ovens | ||
| Clean process oven | ||
| Flame broiler | ||
| Industrial oven |  | Pictured is an industrial convection oven used in the manufacture of aircraft components |
| Heat tunnel | ||
| Reach-in oven | ||
| Walk-in/Truck-in ovens | ||
| Spiral ovens | Ovens with a helical conveyor |
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Various industries and trades use kilns to harden objects made from clay into pottery, bricks etc. [3] Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing—to calcinate ores, produce cement, lime, and many other materials.
| Name | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anagama kiln | An ancient type of pottery kiln brought to Japan from China via Korea in the 5th century. | |
| Charcoal kiln |  | See for instance Birch Creek and Tybo Charcoal Kilns |
| Bottle oven |  | |
| Brick clamp |  | |
| Cement kiln |  | |
| Lime kiln |  | |
| Rotary kiln |  | A pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process |
| Top-lit updraft gasifier | ||
| Tube furnace [ dubious ] |
A kiln is a thermally insulated chamber, a type of oven, that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some process, such as hardening, drying, or chemical changes. Kilns have been used for millennia to turn objects made from clay into pottery, tiles and bricks. Various industries use rotary kilns for pyroprocessing and to transform many other materials.
Grilling is a form of cooking that involves heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above, below or from the side. Grilling usually involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat, and tends to be used for cooking meat and vegetables quickly. Food to be grilled is cooked on a grill, using a cast iron/frying pan, or a grill pan.
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content and few impurities, made by heating coal or oil in the absence of air—a destructive distillation process. It is an important industrial product, used mainly in iron ore smelting, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges when air pollution is a concern.
Outdoor cooking is the preparation of food in the outdoors. A significant body of techniques and specialized equipment exists for it, traditionally associated with nomad in cultures such as the Berbers of North Africa, the Arab Bedouins, the Plains Indians, pioneers in North America, and indigenous tribes in South America. These methods have been refined in modern times for use during recreational outdoor pursuits, by campers and backpackers.
An oven is a tool which is used to expose materials to a hot environment. Ovens contain a hollow chamber and provide a means of heating the chamber in a controlled way. In use since antiquity, they have been used to accomplish a wide variety of tasks requiring controlled heating. Because they are used for a variety of purposes, there are many different types of ovens. These types differ depending on their intended purpose and based upon how they generate heat.
A stove or range is a device that generates heat inside or on top of the device, for local heating or cooking. Stoves can be powered with many fuels, such as electricity, natural gas, gasoline, wood, and coal.
A kitchen stove, often called simply a stove or a cooker, is a kitchen appliance designed for the purpose of cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven, used for baking. "Cookstoves" are heated by burning wood or charcoal; "gas stoves" are heated by gas; and "electric stoves" by electricity. A stove with a built-in cooktop is also called a range.
In materials science, a refractory is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. They are inorganic, non-metallic compounds that may be porous or non-porous, and their crystallinity varies widely: they may be crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, or composite. They are typically composed of oxides, carbides or nitrides of the following elements: silicon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, boron, chromium and zirconium. Many refractories are ceramics, but some such as graphite are not, and some ceramics such as clay pottery are not considered refractory. Refractories are distinguished from the refractory metals, which are elemental metals and their alloys that have high melting temperatures.
A fire brick, firebrick, fireclay brick, or refractory brick is a block of ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces. A refractory brick is built primarily to withstand high temperature, but will also usually have a low thermal conductivity for greater energy efficiency. Usually dense fire bricks are used in applications with extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses, such as the inside of a wood-fired kiln or a furnace, which is subject to abrasion from wood, fluxing from ash or slag, and high temperatures. In other, less harsh situations, such as in an electric or natural gas fired kiln, more porous bricks, commonly known as "kiln bricks", are a better choice. They are weaker, but they are much lighter and easier to form and insulate far better than dense bricks. In any case, firebricks should not spall, and their strength should hold up well during rapid temperature changes.
Fuel gas is one of a number of fuels that under ordinary conditions are gaseous. Most fuel gases are composed of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or mixtures thereof. Such gases are sources of energy that can be readily transmitted and distributed through pipes.
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize drink and other food materials. Many solar cookers currently in use are relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced, large scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. Because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs and air pollution, and to help slow down deforestation and desertification.
A masonry oven, colloquially known as a brick oven or stone oven, is an oven consisting of a baking chamber made of fireproof brick, concrete, stone, clay, or cob. Though traditionally wood-fired, coal-fired ovens were common in the 19th century, and modern masonry ovens are often fired with natural gas or even electricity. Modern masonry ovens are closely associated with artisan bread and pizza, but in the past they were used for any cooking task involving baking. Masonry ovens are built by masons.
A fire pot is a container, usually earthenware, for carrying fire. Fire pots have been used since prehistoric times to transport fire from one place to another, for warmth while on the move, for cooking, in religious ceremonies and even as weapons of war.
A kamado is a traditional Japanese wood- or charcoal-fueled cook stove.
Cooker may refer to several types of cooking appliances and devices used for cooking foods.
The Russian stove is a unique and special universal stove oven in stove masonry craftsmanship that first appeared in the 15th century or earlier. It is used for different purposes, combining in themselves the best combination of all functionality of other stoves, ovens and fireplaces as well, such as: baking, cooking, domestic heating, drying plants and mushrooms, bathing, sleeping and curing body of a man as well as smoking food, ventilation of a house, and just as a heating fireplace – in traditional Russian, Ukrainian, Romanian and Belarusian households. The Russian stove burns only firewood.
A tandoor is a large urn-shaped oven, usually made of clay. Since antiquity, tandoors have been used to bake unleavened flatbreads, such as roti and naan, as well as to roast meat. The tandoor is predominantly used in Western Asian, Central Asian, South Asian, and Horn of African cuisines.
The primitive clay oven, or earthen oven / cob oven, has been used since ancient times by diverse cultures and societies, primarily for, but not exclusive to, baking before the invention of cast-iron stoves, and gas and electric ovens. The general build and shape of clay ovens were, mostly, common to all peoples, with only slight variations in size and in materials used to construct the oven. In primitive courtyards and farmhouses, earthen ovens were built on the ground.
