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Wildlife of Sri Lanka |
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This is a list of reptiles of Sri Lanka .
The reptilian diversity in Sri Lanka is higher than the diversity of other vertebrates such as mammals and fish with 181 reptile species. All extant reptiles are well documented through research by many local and foreign scientists and naturalists. Sri Lankan herpetologist, Anslem de Silva largely studied the biology and ecology of Sri Lanka snakes, where he documented 96 species of land and sea snakes. [1] Five genera are endemic to Sri Lanka - Aspidura, Balanophis, Cercaspis, Haplocercus, and Pseudotyphlops. [2] Out of them only five of the land snakes are considered potentially deadly and life threatening to humans. Among snakes, 54 are endemic to Sri Lanka. [3] The total increased to 107 with new descriptions of Dendrelaphis, Rhinophis, Aspidura and Dryocalamus. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Lizard diversity in the island has been documented and studied by many local scientists and researchers such as Imesh Nuwan Bandara, [8] Kalana Maduwage, Anjana Silva, [9] Rohan Pethiyagoda, and Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi. [10] There are 111 lizards known from Sri Lanka, with 17 newly discovered in 2006, and two more in 2016 and 2017. [11] [12] One of species was discovered in 2019 from Ensalwatta, Matara. [13] In 2019, seven more endemic day geckos have been discovered by Suranjan Karunaratne and Mendis Wickramasinghe. [14] [15] In December 2019, three more endemic geckos were discovered. [16] In May 2020, another endemic skink was discovered. [17] Three new day gecko species were discovered in 2021. [18] [19]
Apart from them, Sri Lanka is home to two species of crocodiles, [20] and nine species of turtles. [21]
This is a list of reptiles found in Sri Lanka.
Name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Wart snake | Acrochordus granulatus | Least concern |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Sand boa | Eryx conicus |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Indian rock python | Python molurus | Near threatened (largest snake in Sri Lanka) |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Sri Lanka pipe snake | Cylindrophis maculatus | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Common krait | Bungarus caeruleus | |
Sri Lanka krait | Bungarus ceylonicus | |
Indian coral snake | Calliophis melanurus | |
Blood-bellied coral snake | Calliophis haematoetron | |
Indian cobra | Naja naja | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Hook-nosed snake | Enhydrina schistosa | |
Annulated sea snake | Hydrophis cyanocinctus | |
Yellow sea snake | Hydrophis spiralis | |
Ornate reef sea snake | Hydrophis ornatus | |
Collared sea snake | Hydrophis stricticollis | |
Persian Gulf sea snake | Hydrophis lapemoides | |
Plain sea snake | Hydrophis inornatus | |
Peter's sea snake | Hydrophis bituberculatus | |
Russell's sea snake | Hydrophis obscurus | |
Striped sea snake | Hydrophis fasciatus | |
Slender sea snake | Hydrophis gracilis | |
Spine-bellied sea snake | Lapemis hardwickii | |
Shaw's sea snake | Lapemis curtus | |
Yellow-bellied sea snake | Pelamis platura | |
Jerdon's sea snake | Kerilia jerdoni | |
Banded sea snake | Laticauda colubrina | |
Viperine sea snake | Thalassophina viperina | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Brahminy blind snake | Ramphotyphlops braminus | |
Sri Lanka blind snake | Typhlops ceylonicus | |
Lanka blind snake | Typhlops lankaensis | |
Pied blind snake | Typhlops leucomelas | |
Malcolm's blind snake | Typhlops malcolmi | |
Jan's blind snake | Typhlops mirus | |
Taylor's blind snake | Typhlops tenebrarum | |
Veddha's blind snake | Typhlops veddae | |
Violet blind snake | Typhlops violaceus | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Madurai shieldtail | Platyplectrurus madurensis | |
Blyth's shieldtail | Rhinophis blythi | |
Orange shieldtail | Rhinophis dorsimaculatus | |
Drummond-Hay's shieldtail | Rhinophis drummondhayi | |
Eranga Viraj's shieldtail | Rhinophis erangaviraji | |
Hemprich's shieldtail | Rhinophis homolepis | |
Striped shieldtail | Rhinophis lineatus | |
Schneider's shieldtail | Rhinophis oxyrhynchus | |
Cuvier's shieldtail | Rhinophis philippinus | |
Phillip's earth snake | Rhinophis phillipsi | |
Willey's shieldtail | Rhinophis porrectus | |
Müller's shieldtail | Rhinophis punctatus | |
Roshan Perera's shieldtal | Rhinophis roshanpererai | |
Large shieldtail | Rhinophis saffragamus | |
Deraniyagala's shieldtail | Rhinophis tricolorata | |
Zig-zag shieldtail | Rhinophis zigzag | |
Gray's earth snake | Uropeltis melanogaster | |
Southern earth snake | Uropeltis ruhunae | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Russell's viper | Daboia russelii | |
Saw-scaled viper | Echis carinatus | |
Hump-nosed pit viper | Hypnale hypnale | |
Highland hump-nosed pit viper | Hypnale nepa | |
Lowland hump-nosed pit viper | Hypnale zara | |
Amal's hump-nosed pit viper | Hypnale sp. Amal | Not given species validity yet. |
Sri Lanka green pit viper | Trimeresurus trigonocephalus | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Common green forest lizard | Calotes calotes | |
Painted-lipped lizard | Calotes ceylonensis | |
Morningside lizard | Calotes desilvai | |
Crestless lizard | Calotes liocephalus | |
Whistling lizard | Calotes liolepis | |
Manamendra-Arachchi's whistling lizard | Calotes manamendrai | |
Black-lipped lizard | Calotes nigrilabris | |
Garden lizard | Calotes versicolor | |
Rough-horned lizard | Ceratophora aspera | |
Erdelen's horned lizard | Ceratophora erdeleni | |
Karu's horned lizard | Ceratophora karu | |
Rhino horned lizard | Ceratophora stoddartii | |
Leaf-nosed lizard | Ceratophora tennentii | |
Pygmy lizard | Cophotis ceylanica | |
Knuckles pygmy lizard | Cophotis dumbara | critically endangered |
Hump-nosed lizard | Lyriocephalus scutatus | |
Sri Lanka kangaroo lizard | Otocryptis wiegmanni | |
Black-spotted kangaroo lizard | Otocryptis nigristigma | |
Devaka's fan-throated lizard | Sitana devakai | |
Fan-throated lizard | Sitana ponticeriana |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Indian chameleon | Chamaeleo zeylanicus |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Sri Lanka golden gecko | Calodactylodes illingworthorum | |
Alwis's day gecko | Cnemaspis alwisi | |
Amith's day gecko | Cnemaspis amith | |
Anslem's day gecko | Cnemaspis anslemi | |
Butewa's day gecko | Cnemaspis butewai | |
Cnemaspis clivicola | ||
Dissanayaka's day gecko | Cnemaspis dissanayakai | |
Gemunu's day gecko | Cnemaspis gemunu | |
Godagedara's day gecko | Cnemaspis godagedarai | |
Gotaimbara's day gecko | Cnemaspis gotaimbarai | |
Gunasekara's day gecko | Cnemaspis gunasekarai | |
Gunawardana's day gecko | Cnemaspis gunawardanai | |
Hitihami's day gecko | Cnemaspis hitihami | |
Kivulegedara's day gecko | Cnemaspis kivulegedarai | |
Kohukumbura's day gecko | Cnemaspis kohukumburai | |
Cnemaspis kallima | ||
Kandamby's day gecko | Cnemaspis kandambyi | |
Kandyan day gecko | Cnemaspis kandiana | |
Kawmini's day gecko | Cnemaspis kawminiae | |
Kotagama's day gecko | Cnemaspis kotagamai | |
Kumarasinghe's day gecko | Cnemaspis kumarasinghei | |
Latha's day gecko | Cnemaspis latha | |
Lokuge’s day gecko | Cnemaspis lokugei | |
Menike's day gecko | Cnemaspis menikay | |
Molligoda's day gecko | Cnemaspis molligodai | |
Nilgala day gecko | Cnemaspis nilgala | |
Nandimithra's day gecko | Cnemaspis nandimithrai | |
Cnemaspis pava | ||
Phillip's day gecko | Cnemaspis phillipsi | |
Deraniyagala's day gecko | Cnemaspis podihuna | |
Cnemaspis pulchra | ||
Cnemaspis punctata | ||
Rajakaruna's day gecko | Cnemaspis rajakarunai | |
Rammale day gecko | Cnemaspis rammalensis | |
Ranwella's day gecko | Cnemaspis ranwellai | |
Retigala day gecko | Cnemaspis retigalensis | |
Samanala day gecko | Cnemaspis samanalensis | |
Rocky day gecko | Cnemaspis scalpensis | |
Forest day gecko | Cnemaspis silvula | |
Rough-bellied day gecko | Cnemaspis tropidogaster | |
Upendra's day gecko | Cnemaspis upendrai | |
Slender-headed bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus cracens | |
Taylor's bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus edwardtaylori | |
Bridled bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus fraenatus | |
Ramboda bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus ramboda | |
Knuckles bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus soba | |
Sinharaja bent-toed gecko | Cyrtodactylus subsolanus | |
spotted ground gecko | Geckoella triedrus | |
Blotched ground gecko | Geckoella yakhuna | |
Four-clawed gecko | Gehyra mutilata | |
Brooke's house gecko | Hemidactylus brookii | |
Kandyan gecko | Hemidactylus depressus | |
Asian house gecko | Hemidactylus frenatus | |
Spotted giant gecko | Hemidactylus hunae | |
Termite hill gecko | Hemidactylus lankae | |
Bark gecko | Hemidactylus leschenaultii | |
Spotted house gecko | Hemidactylus parvimaculatus | |
Hemidactylus pieresii | ||
Flat-tailed gecko | Hemidactylus platyurus | |
Scaly gecko | Hemidactylus scabriceps | |
Indopacific tree gecko | Hemiphyllodactylus typus | |
Mourning gecko | Lepidodactylus lugubris |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Leschenault's snake-eyed lizard | Ophisops leschenaultii | |
Lesser snake-eyed lizard | Ophisops minor | |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Four-toed skink | Chalcidoseps thwaitesii | |
Haly's tree skink | Dasia haliana | Endangered |
Deignan's Lanka skink | Lankascincus deignani | |
Deraniyagala's Lanka skink | Lankascincus deraniyagalae | |
Lankascincus dorsicatenatus | ||
Common supple skink | Lankascincus fallax | |
Gan's Lanka skink | Lankascincus gansi | |
Greer's Lanka skink | Lankascincus greeri | |
Lankascincus megalops | ||
Munindradasa's Lanka skink | Lankascincus munindradasai | |
Sameera's Lanka skink | Lankascincus sameerai | |
Adam's Peak Lanka skink | Lankascincus sripadensis | |
Smooth Lanka skink | Lankascincus taprobanense | Near threatened |
Taylor's Lanka skink | Lankascincus taylori | |
Spotted supple skink | Lygosoma punctata | |
Sri Lanka supple skink | Lygosoma singha | Data deficient |
Beddome's skink | Eutropis beddomii | |
Bibron's skink | Eutropis bibroni | |
Keeled Indian mabuya | Eutropis carinata | |
Taylor's striped mabuya | Eutropis floweri | |
Bronze mabuya | Eutropis macularia | |
Sri Lanka bronze mabuya | Eutropis madaraszi | |
Tammanna skink | Eutropis tammanna | |
Smith's snake skink | Nessia bipes | |
Three-toed snake skink | Nessia burtonii | |
Deraniyagala's snake skink | Nessia deraniyagalai | |
Two-toed snake skink | Nessia didactyla | |
Shark-headed snake skink | Nessia hickanala | |
Layard's snake skink | Nessia layardi | |
Toeless snake skink | Nessia monodactyla | |
Sarasins' snake skink | Nessia sarasinorum | |
Dussumier's litter skink | Sphenomorphus dussumieri | |
Sphenomorphus striatopunctatum | ||
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Bengal monitor | Varanus bengalensis | Least concern |
Water monitor | Varanus salvator | Least concern |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Mugger crocodile | Crocodylus palustris | Vulnerable |
Saltwater crocodile | Crocodylus porosus | Least concern |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Indian black turtle | Melanochelys trijuga | Near threatened |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Loggerhead sea turtle | Caretta caretta | Endangered |
Green sea turtle | Chelonia mydas | Endangered |
Hawksbill sea turtle | Eretmochelys imbricata | Critically endangered |
Olive ridley sea turtle | Lepidochelys olivacea | Vulnerable |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Leatherback sea turtle | Dermochelys coriacea | Vulnerable |
Common name | Trinomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Red-eared slider | Trachemys scripta elegans | Near threatened |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Indian star tortoise | Geochelone elegans | Least concern |
Common name | Binomial | Status |
---|---|---|
Sri Lankan flapshell turtle | Lissemys ceylonensis | Least concern |
Cnemaspis is a genus of diurnal (day) geckos found in Asia. With over 100 species, it is one of the most diverse genera of geckos. Molecular phylogenies suggest that the two regional groupings may form distinct clades which are not each other's closest relatives.
Dendrelaphis bifrenalis, also called Boulenger's bronzeback, Boulenger's bronze-back, and Travancore bronze-brown snake, is a colubrid snake native to Eastern Ghats of Southern India and Sri Lanka. It was first described by George Albert Boulenger in 1890. Dendrelaphis wickrorum from Sri Lanka was previously confused with this species.
Chrysopelea taprobanica, the Sri Lankan flying snake or Indian flying snake, is a species of gliding snake distributed in India and Sri Lanka. It can glide, as with all species of its genus Chrysopelea, by stretching the body into a flattened strip using its ribs. The snake is known as "dangara dandaa - දඟරදන්ඩා" in Sinhala, due to its folding postures.
Cnemaspis alwisi, also known commonly as Alwis' day gecko or Alwis's day gecko, is a species of diurnal lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis podihuna, also known as Deraniyagala's day gecko or dwarf day gecko is a species of diurnal gecko found only in Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis kumarasinghei, commonly known as Kumarasinghe's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis molligodai, commonly known as Molligoda's day gecko, is a species of diurnal lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis kandambyi is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2017 from Knuckles Mountain Range.
Cnemaspis godagedarai, or Godagedara's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Matara.
Cnemaspis kivulegedarai, or Kivulegedaras' day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis anslemi, or Anslems' day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka described from northwestern foothills of Samanalawewa Nature Reserve.
Kongahage Anslem Lawrence de Silva is a Sri Lankan biologist and herpetologist recognised as a pioneer of modern herpetology in Sri Lanka. His career spanned for more than five decades; de Silva has contributed to the field of zoology with much research and numerous publications particularly on crocodiles, snakes and lizards.
Cnemaspis kotagamai, or Kotagama's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Ratnapura.
Cnemaspis dissanayakai, or Dissanayaka's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Polonnaruwa.
Cnemaspis kawminiae, or Kawmini's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka, described in 2019 from Nuwara Eliya.
Cnemaspis manoae, commonly known as Mano's day gecko, is a species of diurnal, rock-dwelling, insectivorous gecko endemic to Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis lokugei, or Lokuge's day gecko, is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis gunasekarai, or Gunasekara's day gecko, is a species of diurnal rupicolous gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.
Cnemaspis gunawardanai, or Gunawardana's day gecko, is a species of diurnal rupicolous gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.
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