Rhinophis oxyrhynchus

Rhinophis oxyrhynchus
Conservation status
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Uropeltidae
Genus:	Rhinophis
Species:	R. oxyrhynchus
Binomial name
Rhinophis oxyrhynchus (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms [2]
Typhlops oxyrhynchus Schneider, 1801 Dapatnaya lankadivana Kelaart, 1853 Mytilia unimaculata Gray, 1858 Rhinophis oxyrhynchus – Beddome, 1886

Rhinophis oxyrhynchus, also known as Schneider's earth snake or Schneider's shieldtail, is a species of uropeltid snake endemic to Sri Lanka. ^{[1] [2]}

Geographic range

It is found in Sri Lanka in the Northern and Eastern Provinces (Mullaitivu, Vavoniya, Trincomalee). ^[3]

Type locality of Typhlops oxyrhyncus: "India orientali".

Type locality of Dapatnaya lankadivana: "Trincomalie, and [...] the Kandyan Province".

Type locality of Mytilia unimaculata: "Ceylon".

Description

Brown dorsally and ventrally, each scale with a lighter margin. Tail with some yellow markings.

Adults may attain a total length of 43 cm (16+7⁄8 in).

Dorsal scales arranged in 17 or 19 rows at midbody (in 19 or 21 rows behind the head). Ventrals 217–227; subcaudals 5–7.

Snout acutely pointed. Rostral laterally compressed, keeled above, ½ as long as the shielded part of the head. Nasals separated by the rostral. Eye in the ocular shield. No supraoculars. Frontal not longer than broad. No temporals. No mental groove. Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end. Diameter of body 37 to 39 times in the total length. Ventrals only slightly larger than the contiguous scales. Caudal disc about as long as the shielded part of the head. ^[4]

Notes

1. Wickramasinghe, N.; Wickramasinghe, L.J.M. (2021). "Rhinophis oxyrhynchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021 e.T178248A123306285. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T178248A123306285.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
2. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 1 June 2020.
3. Bamaradeniya, Channa N.B. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IUCN, 2006. 163.
4. Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families...Uropeltidæ... Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). London. pp. 140-141.

Further reading

• Beddome, R.H. 1886. An Account of the Earth-Snakes of the Peninsula of India and Ceylon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 17: 3-33.
• Gray, J.E. 1858. On a New Genus and several New Species of Uropeltidæ, in the Collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 260–265. (Mytilia unimaculata).
• Gray, J.E. 1858. On a New Genus and several New Species of Uropeltidæ, in the Collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 2: 376–381. (Mytilia unimaculata).
• Kelaart, E.F. 1853. Descriptions of new or little-known species of Reptiles collected in Ceylon. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Series 2, Volume 13, pp. 25–31. (Dapatnaya lankadivana).
• Schneider, J.G. 1801. Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae Fasciculus secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas, Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues, Amphisbaenas et Caecilias. Fromann. Jena. 374 pp. (Typhlops oxyrhynchus, pp. 341–342).