List of rock-cut monuments in Tamil Nadu

Last updated

Tamil Nadu has a large number of Rock-cut monuments, including cave temples, mandapas, and shrines carved directly into natural rock formations. The state is home to at least 105 known rock-cut monuments. [1] [2] These monuments date mainly from the early historic and medieval periods and are associated with dynasties such as the Pallavas and Pandyas. [3] They represent important developments in Dravidian architecture and religious traditions including Hinduism and Jainism . [4] [5] [6]

Contents

S.NoNameLocationDistrictCoordinates
1Pallavaram Dargha Pallavaram Hill Chengalpattu 12°58′17″N80°9′38″E / 12.97139°N 80.16056°E / 12.97139; 80.16056 (Pallavaram Dargha)
2Karivaradharaja Perumal Temple (Vallam – 1)VallamChengalpattu 12°40′53″N79°59′46″E / 12.68139°N 79.99611°E / 12.68139; 79.99611 (Karivaradharaja Perumal Temple)
3Vethantheeswarar Temple (Vallam – 2)VallamChengalpattu 12°40′54″N79°59′46″E / 12.68167°N 79.99611°E / 12.68167; 79.99611 (Vethantheeswarar Temple)
4Vallam – 3VallamChengalpattu 12°40′54″N79°59′46″E / 12.68167°N 79.99611°E / 12.68167; 79.99611 (Vallam Rock-cut Cave)
5 Padalathri Narasimhar Temple Singaperumal Koil Chengalpattu 12°45′37″N80°0′15″E / 12.76028°N 80.00417°E / 12.76028; 80.00417 (Padalathri Narasimhar Temple)
6Rock-cut Cave opposite Ramanujar Mandabam (Unfinished) Mamallapuram Chengalpattu
7Lighthouse Rock-cut Cave (Unfinished)MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°36′55″N80°11′31″E / 12.61528°N 80.19194°E / 12.61528; 80.19194 (Lighthouse Rock-cut Cave)
8Puliputhar Mandabam Rock-cut CaveMamallapuramChengalpattu
9Koneri Mandabam – 1MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′8″N80°11′28″E / 12.61889°N 80.19111°E / 12.61889; 80.19111 (Koneri Mandabam 1)
10Koneri Mandabam – 2MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′7″N80°11′28″E / 12.61861°N 80.19111°E / 12.61861; 80.19111 (Koneri Mandabam 2)
11 Panchapandava Cave Temple MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′4″N80°11′33″E / 12.61778°N 80.19250°E / 12.61778; 80.19250 (Panchapandava Cave Temple)
12Dharmaraja MandapamMamallapuramChengalpattu 12°36′53″N80°11′30″E / 12.61472°N 80.19167°E / 12.61472; 80.19167 (Dharmaraja Mandapam)
13Kotravai (Kodikkal) Rock-cut CaveMamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′11″N80°11′32″E / 12.61972°N 80.19222°E / 12.61972; 80.19222 (Kotravai Rock-cut Cave)
14Ramanuja MandapamMamallapuramChengalpattu 12°36′59″N80°11′31″E / 12.61639°N 80.19194°E / 12.61639; 80.19194 (Ramanuja Mandapam)
15 Mahishamardini Rock-cut Cave MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°36′54″N80°11′29″E / 12.61500°N 80.19139°E / 12.61500; 80.19139 (Mahishamardini Rock-cut Cave)
16Trimurti Rock-cut Cave TempleMamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′11″N80°11′34″E / 12.61972°N 80.19278°E / 12.61972; 80.19278 (Trimurti Rock-cut Cave Temple)
17 Varaha Cave Temple MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°37′5″N80°11′32″E / 12.61806°N 80.19222°E / 12.61806; 80.19222 (Varaha Cave Temple)
18Peruvarahar Rock-cut Cave (Adivaraha cave temple)MamallapuramChengalpattu 12°36′51.825″N80°11′26.060″E / 12.61439583°N 80.19057222°E / 12.61439583; 80.19057222 (Peruvarahar Rock-cut Cave)
19Orukkal Mandapam Tirukalukundram Chengalpattu 12°36′35″N80°3′34″E / 12.60972°N 80.05944°E / 12.60972; 80.05944 (Orukkal Mandapam)
20Atiranachanda Cave Temple Saluvankuppam Chengalpattu 12°39′28″N80°12′35″E / 12.65778°N 80.20972°E / 12.65778; 80.20972 (Atiranachanda Cave Temple)
21 Yali Mandabam Saluvankuppam Chengalpattu 12°39′21.36″N80°12′32.599″E / 12.6559333°N 80.20905528°E / 12.6559333; 80.20905528 (Yali Mandabam (Tiger Cave))
22Rock-cut Cave (Unfinished)Koothampoondiyanvalasu Dindigul 10°34′1″N77°36′49″E / 10.56694°N 77.61361°E / 10.56694; 77.61361 (Koothampoondiyanvalasu Rock-cut Cave)
23Kalyana Venkataramanaswamy Temple (Thanthoni – 1) Thanthoni Karur 10°56′14″N78°5′23″E / 10.93722°N 78.08972°E / 10.93722; 78.08972 (Kalyana Venkataramanaswamy Temple)
24Thanthoni – 2ThanthoniKarur
25 Thirunanthikarai Rock-cut Shiva Temple Thirunanthikarai Kanyakumari 8°23′55″N77°17′52″E / 8.39861°N 77.29778°E / 8.39861; 77.29778 (Thirunanthikarai Rock-cut Shiva Temple)
26 Bhoothalingaswamy Temple Boothapandi Kanyakumari 8°15′48″N77°26′56″E / 8.26333°N 77.44889°E / 8.26333; 77.44889 (Boothalinga Swamy Temple)
27Auvai Raman TempleKurathiaraiKanyakumari 8°17′53″N77°26′56″E / 8.29806°N 77.44889°E / 8.29806; 77.44889 (Auvai Raman Temple)
28Sivagiri Mahadevar TempleAlwarkoyilKanyakumari 8°13′0″N77°19′19″E / 8.21667°N 77.32194°E / 8.21667; 77.32194 (Sivagiri Mahadevar Temple)
29Rock-cut Siva Cave TempleArittapatti Madurai 10°2′25″N78°16′34″E / 10.04028°N 78.27611°E / 10.04028; 78.27611 (Arittapatti Rock-cut Cave Temple)
30Rock-cut Cave (Unfinished) Mangulam Madurai 10°1′30″N78°14′33″E / 10.02500°N 78.24250°E / 10.02500; 78.24250 (Mangulam Rock-cut Cave)
31Udhayagiriwarar TempleKunnathurMadurai 9°54′14″N78°15′15″E / 9.90389°N 78.25417°E / 9.90389; 78.25417 (Udhayagiriwarar Temple)
32Asthagiriswarar TempleKunnathurMadurai 9°54′12″N78°15′7″E / 9.90333°N 78.25194°E / 9.90333; 78.25194 (Asthagiriswarar Temple)
33Neelakanteswarar TempleKunnathurMadurai 9°54′9″N78°14′53″E / 9.90250°N 78.24806°E / 9.90250; 78.24806 (Neelakanteswarar Temple)
34Ladan Rock-cut Cave Temple Othakadai Madurai 9°57′59″N78°11′21″E / 9.96639°N 78.18917°E / 9.96639; 78.18917 (Ladan Rock-cut Cave Temple)
35 Narasingam Yoga Narasimha Perumal Temple OthakadaiMadurai 9°57′59″N78°11′21″E / 9.96639°N 78.18917°E / 9.96639; 78.18917 (Narasingam Yoga Narasimha Perumal Temple)
36 Thirupparankundram Rock-cut Cave Thirupparankundram Madurai 9°52′27″N78°4′15″E / 9.87417°N 78.07083°E / 9.87417; 78.07083 (Thirupparankundram Rock-cut Cave)
37 Subramaniya Swamy Temple ThirupparankundramMadurai 9°52′45″N78°4′16″E / 9.87917°N 78.07111°E / 9.87917; 78.07111 (Subramaniya Swamy Temple)
38 Narasimhaswamy Temple Namakkal Namakkal 11°13′20″N78°9′52″E / 11.22222°N 78.16444°E / 11.22222; 78.16444 (Narasimhaswamy Temple Namakkal)
39 Ranganatha Perumal Temple NamakkalNamakkal 11°13′23″N78°9′57″E / 11.22306°N 78.16583°E / 11.22306; 78.16583 (Ranganatha Perumal Temple Namakkal)
40 Rock-cut Shiva Cave Temple – 1 Kunnandarkoil Pudukkottai 10°34′56″N78°53′52″E / 10.58222°N 78.89778°E / 10.58222; 78.89778 (Kunnandarkoil Rock-cut Cave 1)
41Rock-cut Shiva Cave Temple – 2KunnandarkoilPudukkottai
42Rock-cut Shiva Cave Temple – 3KunnandarkoilPudukkottai
43 Olipathi Vishnu Griham MalayadipattiPudukkottai 10°39′15″N78°53′49″E / 10.65417°N 78.89694°E / 10.65417; 78.89694 (Olipathi Vishnu Griham)
44Rock-cut Cave Shiva TempleMalayadipattiPudukkottai 10°39′15″N78°53′48″E / 10.65417°N 78.89667°E / 10.65417; 78.89667 (Malayadipatti Rock-cut Shiva Temple)
45Padhinen Bhumi Vinnagaram (Rock-cut Vishnu Temple) Narthamalai Pudukkottai 10°30′18″N78°45′27″E / 10.50500°N 78.75750°E / 10.50500; 78.75750 (Padhinen Bhumi Vinnagaram)
46Palyyili Eswaram (Rock-cut Shiva Temple)NarthamalaiPudukkottai 10°30′17″N78°45′27″E / 10.50472°N 78.75750°E / 10.50472; 78.75750 (Palyyili Eswaram)
47Pushpavaneswarar TemplePoovalakudiPudukkottai 10°20′2″N78°37′32″E / 10.33389°N 78.62556°E / 10.33389; 78.62556 (Pushpavaneswarar Temple)
48 Sathyagirisvarar Temple Thirumayam Pudukkottai 10°14′49″N78°45′6″E / 10.24694°N 78.75167°E / 10.24694; 78.75167 (Sathyagirisvarar Temple)
49 Sathyamurthi Perumal Temple ThirumayamPudukkottai 10°14′48″N78°45′7″E / 10.24667°N 78.75194°E / 10.24667; 78.75194 (Sathyamurthi Perumal Temple)
50Rock-cut Shiva TempleThirumayamPudukkottai 10°14′51″N78°45′3″E / 10.24750°N 78.75083°E / 10.24750; 78.75083 (Thirumayam Rock-cut Shiva Temple)
51 Kokarneswarar Temple ThirukokarnamPudukkottai 10°23′31″N78°48′2″E / 10.39194°N 78.80056°E / 10.39194; 78.80056 (Kokarneswarar Temple)
52Rock-cut Cave Siva TempleDevar MalaiPudukkottai 10°21′13″N78°44′15″E / 10.35361°N 78.73750°E / 10.35361; 78.73750 (Devar Malai Rock-cut Cave)
53Seevaramudiyaar Rock-cut Cave TempleMalayakkoyilPudukkottai 10°20′8″N78°42′46″E / 10.33556°N 78.71278°E / 10.33556; 78.71278 (Seevaramudiyaar Rock-cut Cave Temple)
54 Thiruvarul Kaleesvarar Subramanaswamy Temple MalayakkoyilPudukkottai 10°20′8″N78°42′45″E / 10.33556°N 78.71250°E / 10.33556; 78.71250 (Thiruvarul Kaleesvarar Temple)
55MalaiKoluntheeswarar TempleAyingudiPudukkottai 10°14′22″N78°48′29″E / 10.23944°N 78.80806°E / 10.23944; 78.80806 (MalaiKoluntheeswarar Temple Ayingudi)
56Rock-cut Cave Shiva TempleKulalakkottaiyurPudukkottai 10°15′3″N78°47′50″E / 10.25083°N 78.79722°E / 10.25083; 78.79722 (Kulalakkottaiyur Rock-cut Cave)
57Arivar Koil Sittanavasal Pudukkottai 10°27′21″N78°43′31″E / 10.45583°N 78.72528°E / 10.45583; 78.72528 (Arivar Koil Sittanavasal)
58Rock-cut Cave TempleMangudiPudukkottai 10°24′52″N78°42′54″E / 10.41444°N 78.71500°E / 10.41444; 78.71500 (Mangudi Rock-cut Cave)
59Melakovil Rock-cut Cave Temple Kudumiyanmalai Pudukkottai 10°24′59″N78°39′31″E / 10.41639°N 78.65861°E / 10.41639; 78.65861 (Melakovil Rock-cut Cave Temple)
60Mahendravadi rock cut temple (Mahendra Vishnu Griham) Mahendravadi Ranipet 12°59′22″N79°32′30″E / 12.98944°N 79.54167°E / 12.98944; 79.54167 (Mahendravadi Rock-cut Temple)
61Pallava Rock-cut Cave Vilapakkam Ranipet 12°51′57″N79°16′47″E / 12.86583°N 79.27972°E / 12.86583; 79.27972 (Vilapakkam Rock-cut Cave)
62 Karpaka Vinayakar Temple Pillayarpatti Sivaganga 10°7′9″N78°40′3″E / 10.11917°N 78.66750°E / 10.11917; 78.66750 (Karpaka Vinayakar Temple)
63Rock-cut Cave Siva Temple Mahibalanpatti Sivaganga 10°11′19″N78°33′52″E / 10.18861°N 78.56444°E / 10.18861; 78.56444 (Mahibalanpatti Rock-cut Cave)
64Rock-cut Siva Cave Temple, Kundrakudi – 1 Kundrakudi Sivaganga 10°6′52″N78°41′55″E / 10.11444°N 78.69861°E / 10.11444; 78.69861 (Kundrakudi Rock-cut Cave 1)
65Rock-cut Siva Cave Temple, Kundrakudi – 2KundrakudiSivaganga
66Rock-cut Siva Cave Temple, Kundrakudi – 3KundrakudiSivaganga
67 Kodunkundreeswar Temple Piranmalai Sivaganga 10°14′20″N78°26′22″E / 10.23889°N 78.43944°E / 10.23889; 78.43944 (Kodunkundreeswar Temple)
68Kagholapureeswarar TempleThirukolakudiSivaganga 10°15′25″N78°37′39″E / 10.25694°N 78.62750°E / 10.25694; 78.62750 (Kagholapureeswarar Temple)
69Rock-cut Siva Cave TempleAralipattiSivaganga 10°10′20″N78°29′53″E / 10.17222°N 78.49806°E / 10.17222; 78.49806 (Aralipatti Rock-cut Cave)
70MalaiKoluntheeswarar TempleThirumalaiSivaganga 9°59′25″N78°28′16″E / 9.99028°N 78.47111°E / 9.99028; 78.47111 (MalaiKoluntheeswarar Temple Thirumalai)
71Courtallam Rock-cut Cave Courtallam Tenkasi
72Rock-cut Cave TempleMalayadikkurichiTenkasi 9°12′21″N77°25′57″E / 9.20583°N 77.43250°E / 9.20583; 77.43250 (Malayadikkurichi Rock-cut Cave)
73Kailasanathar TempleVeerasigamaniTenkasi 9°5′53″N77°26′19″E / 9.09806°N 77.43861°E / 9.09806; 77.43861 (Kailasanathar Temple Veerasigamani)
74Pasupatheswarar TempleTirumalapuramTenkasi 9°4′31″N77°24′28″E / 9.07528°N 77.40778°E / 9.07528; 77.40778 (Pasupatheswarar Temple)
75Rock-cut Cave (Unfinished)TirumalapuramTenkasi 9°4′31″N77°24′29″E / 9.07528°N 77.40806°E / 9.07528; 77.40806 (Tirumalapuram Rock-cut Cave)
76Yoga Dhatchinaamoorthy TempleAnaiyoorTenkasi 9°12′38″N77°30′48″E / 9.21056°N 77.51333°E / 9.21056; 77.51333 (Yoga Dhatchinaamoorthy Temple)
77Rock-cut Cave TempleSokkampattiTenkasi 9°7′55″N77°19′1″E / 9.13194°N 77.31694°E / 9.13194; 77.31694 (Sokkampatti Rock-cut Cave)
78Valli Rock-cut Cave Thiruchendur Thoothukudi 8°29′50″N78°7′48″E / 8.49722°N 78.13000°E / 8.49722; 78.13000 (Valli Rock-cut Cave)
79Xavier Rock-cut Cave Manapad Thoothukudi 8°22′25″N78°4′4″E / 8.37361°N 78.06778°E / 8.37361; 78.06778 (Xavier Rock-cut Cave)
80 Vettuvan Koil Kalugumalai Thoothukudi 9°9′11″N77°42′16″E / 9.15306°N 77.70444°E / 9.15306; 77.70444 (Vettuvan Koil)
81Lalitankura Pallavesvara Griham (Trichy Upper Cave) Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort Tiruchirappalli 10°49′42″N78°41′49″E / 10.82833°N 78.69694°E / 10.82833; 78.69694 (Trichy Upper Cave)
82Trichy Lower CaveTiruchirappalli Rock FortTiruchirappalli 10°49′40″N78°41′47″E / 10.82778°N 78.69639°E / 10.82778; 78.69639 (Trichy Lower Cave)
83Neelivaneswarar TempleThiruppaigngneeliTiruchirappalli 10°56′9″N78°38′30″E / 10.93583°N 78.64167°E / 10.93583; 78.64167 (Neelivaneswarar Temple)
84 Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple Thiruvallarai Tiruchirappalli 10°57′20″N78°40′4″E / 10.95556°N 78.66778°E / 10.95556; 78.66778 (Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple)
85Vada Jambunathar TempleThiruvellaraiTiruchirappalli 10°57′22″N78°40′22″E / 10.95611°N 78.67278°E / 10.95611; 78.67278 (Vada Jambunathar Temple)
86Andichiparai Rock Cut Cave TemplePathinalamperi Tirunelveli 8°49′20″N77°47′31″E / 8.82222°N 77.79194°E / 8.82222; 77.79194 (Andichiparai Rock Cut Cave Temple)
87Mamandur – 1Narasamangalam Tiruvannamalai 12°44′27″N79°39′54″E / 12.74083°N 79.66500°E / 12.74083; 79.66500 (Mamandur Rock-cut Cave 1)
88Mamandur – 2NarasamangalamTiruvannamalai 12°44′39″N79°39′57″E / 12.74417°N 79.66583°E / 12.74417; 79.66583 (Mamandur Rock-cut Cave 2)
89Mamandur – 3NarasamangalamTiruvannamalai 12°44′30″N79°39′56″E / 12.74167°N 79.66556°E / 12.74167; 79.66556 (Mamandur Rock-cut Cave 3)
90Mamandur – 4NarasamangalamTiruvannamalai 12°44′27″N79°39′56″E / 12.74083°N 79.66556°E / 12.74083; 79.66556 (Mamandur Rock-cut Cave 4)
91 Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple Seeyamangalam Tiruvannamalai 12°25′53″N79°27′57″E / 12.43139°N 79.46583°E / 12.43139; 79.46583 (Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple)
92Kal Mandagathu AlwarKuranganilmuttamTiruvannamalai 12°46′4″N79°41′33″E / 12.76778°N 79.69250°E / 12.76778; 79.69250 (Kal Mandagathu Alwar)
93Guhai Varadaraja Perumal TempleAvurTiruvannamalai 12°7′50″N79°12′16″E / 12.13056°N 79.20444°E / 12.13056; 79.20444 (Guhai Varadaraja Perumal Temple)
94Rock-cut Cave (Unfinished) Thirakoil Tiruvannamalai 12°27′5″N79°29′52″E / 12.45139°N 79.49778°E / 12.45139; 79.49778 (Thirakoil Rock-cut Cave)
95 Ninra Narayana Perumal temple Thiruthangal Virudhunagar 9°28′55″N77°48′41″E / 9.48194°N 77.81139°E / 9.48194; 77.81139 (Ninra Narayana Perumal Temple)
96Velliyambalanathar TempleParaikulamVirudhunagar 9°32′2″N78°10′56″E / 9.53389°N 78.18222°E / 9.53389; 78.18222 (Velliyambalanathar Temple)
97Rock-cut Cave TempleSevalpattiVirudhunagar 9°18′25″N77°42′52″E / 9.30694°N 77.71444°E / 9.30694; 77.71444 (Sevalpatti Rock-cut Cave)
98MalaiKoluntheeswarar TempleMoovaraivendranVirudhunagar 9°37′22″N77°43′2″E / 9.62278°N 77.71722°E / 9.62278; 77.71722 (MalaiKoluntheeswarar Temple Moovaraivendran)
99Rock-cut Siva Cave TempleM. PudhupattiVirudhunagar 9°32′54″N77°46′53″E / 9.54833°N 77.78139°E / 9.54833; 77.78139 (M Pudhupatti Rock-cut Cave)
100 Lakshitha Yathanam Mandagapattu Viluppuram 12°6′28″N79°27′24″E / 12.10778°N 79.45667°E / 12.10778; 79.45667 (Lakshitha Yathanam)
101 Sathrumalleswaram Rockcut Temple DhalavanurViluppuram 12°10′0″N79°28′7″E / 12.16667°N 79.46861°E / 12.16667; 79.46861 (Sathrumalleswaram Rock-cut Temple)
102Sikhari Pallaveshvaram TempleMelacheriViluppuram 12°17′18″N79°23′43″E / 12.28833°N 79.39528°E / 12.28833; 79.39528 (Sikhari Pallaveshvaram Temple)
103 Senji Singavaram Ranganatha Temple SingavaramViluppuram 12°16′34″N79°23′55″E / 12.27611°N 79.39861°E / 12.27611; 79.39861 (Singavaram Ranganatha Temple)
104Pallava Rock-cut CaveKilmavilangaiViluppuram 12°19′34″N79°36′21″E / 12.32611°N 79.60583°E / 12.32611; 79.60583 (Kilmavilangai Rock-cut Cave)
105Pandava Cave TempleArakandanallurViluppuram 11°58′25″N79°13′14″E / 11.97361°N 79.22056°E / 11.97361; 79.22056 (Pandava Cave Temple)

See also

Notes

  1. "Bringing the past to the present". The Hindu. June 12, 2015 via www.thehindu.com.
  2. Michell, George (1988). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. ISBN   9780226532301.
  3. Srinivasan, K.R. (1964). Cave Temples of the Pallavas. Archaeological Survey of India.
  4. "Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 20 December 2025.
  5. "TVU". www.tamilvu.org.
  6. "தமிழ் இணைய நூலகம்". தமிழ் இணைய நூலகம்.

Sources