In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians. It was later conquered by the Carolingians, and was integrated for a time into the kingdom of Aquitaine. The counts of Auvergne slowly became autonomous.
After the death of Acfred, who left the comital fisc completely diminished, there appeared no successor who could control the entire Auvergne, with Velay. Several relatives of surrounding regions made claims. Below are the dates of their effective control.
From the viscounty of Clermont, then vassal to the elective county of Auvergne, came the so-called House of Auvergne, a designation used by modern historians for the family that ruled consistently the Auvergne region from 963. After a period of comital vacancy, the viscounts of Clermont were elevated as successors of the elective counts: the county became hereditary.
Viscounts of Clermont
Armand of Clermont (?–?)
Robert I of Clermont (?–?)
Robert II of Clermont (?–?)
Robert III of Clermont (?–?), son of Robert II
The splitting of the county and the Dauphinate
Coat of arms of the dauphins of Auvergne.
In 1155, count William VII the Young was usurped by his uncle, count William VIII the Old. However, William VIII left a smaller portion for his nephew to rule. In 1209, the county of William VIII the Old would be made smaller after a partial confiscation by Philip II of France, later to be made in 1360 as the Duchy of Auvergne.
As for William VII the Young, he was able to maintain his status in part of his county,[1] especially Beaumont, Chamalières, and Montferrand. From this smaller county raised, in 1302, the Dauphinate of Auvergne.
Based in the fact that William VII's wife was the daughter of the dauphin de Viennois, Guigues IV, and that William VII's descendants, in virtue of the Viennois blood, used the surname Dauphin, the majority of authors anticipate the formalization of the dauphinate in 1302 and choose to call William VII and his successors already as dauphins of Auvergne, for a clear distinction from the descendants of William VIII. Still others, out of convenience, choose to call these successors the counts-dauphins of Auvergne.
Partitions of Auvergne under Auvergne family
County of Auvergne (963-1169)
Younger County of Auvergne (1169-1302) Raised to: Dauphinate of Auvergne (1302-1434)
Note: The parallel existence of the usurpers of the Elder County of Auvergne and of the usurped Younger County-Dauphinate, who often carried the same first names, also complicates things.[2] To avoid confusion, the numbering system used here is continuous, and Dauphin is used as part of the name where applicable.
Children of Beraud II, both titled Dauphin/Dauphine, inherited separately their possessions:
Anne inherited her deceased maternal uncle's possessions of Forez in 1372, as Dauphine de Forez. After her death this part was inherited by the Bourbons.
Beraud inherited, after their father's death in 1399, the Dauphinate itself, plus the county of Sancerre from his mother.
Became part of the royal domain upon the ascension of Louis XIII of France, son of Henry IV and Marie de'Medici
Afterwards, the title returned to the royal domain and was claimed as a courtesy title by the dukes of Orléans, and the modern Orleanist pretenders
Bishops of Clermont
The title of bishop of Clermont is used from 1160 onwards. Before then they were called bishop of Arvernes.[citation needed] In 2002, the Bishopric of Clermont was incorporated into the Archbishopric of Clermont-Ferrand.
The Duchy of Auvergne was created in 1360 by John II of France, out of part of the Elder County of Auvergne, confiscated by Philip II of France in 1209.
List of dukes of Auvergne
John, Duke of Berry (1360–1416), first husband of Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
Louise confronted Charles III's right to succession with the support of her son, King Francis I of France. After her death in 1531, the title passed to the royal domain.
The House of Bourbon is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. A branch descended from the French Bourbons came to rule Spain in the 18th century and is the current Spanish royal family. Further branches, descended from the Spanish Bourbons, held thrones in Naples, Sicily, and Parma. Today, Spain and Luxembourg have monarchs of the House of Bourbon. The royal Bourbons originated in 1272, when Robert, the youngest son of King Louis IX of France, married the heiress of the lordship of Bourbon. The house continued for three centuries as a cadet branch, serving as nobles under the direct Capetian and Valois kings.
The Duke of Aquitaine was the ruler of the medieval region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of Frankish, English, and later French kings.
Marshal of France is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire.
Louis de Bourbon was the third son of John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie, Duchess of Auvergne. He was Count of Montpensier, Clermont-en-Auvergne and Sancerre and Dauphin of Auvergne and was a younger brother of Charles I of Bourbon. He founded the Bourbon-Montpensier branch of the House of Bourbon, which would eventually take over the Duchy in 1505.
Gilbert of Bourbon-Montpensier, Count of Montpensier, was a member of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis I, Count of Montpensier and Gabrielle de La Tour d'Auvergne, Count of Montpensier and Dauphin d'Auvergne. He was appointed to the Order of Saint Michael by King Charles VIII of France in October 1483.
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The Seigneurs and Dukes of Mercœur were a line of powerful lords deriving their name from the estate of Mercœur in Auvergne, France. The line became extinct in the 14th century, and passed by inheritance to the dauphins of Auvergne, counts of Clermont. In 1426 it passed to the Bourbons by the marriage, of Jeanne de Clermont, dauphine of Auvergne, to Louis I, Count of Montpensier. It formed part of the confiscated estates of the Constable de Bourbon, and was given by Francis I and Louise of Savoy to Antoine, Duke of Lorraine, and his wife, Renée of Bourbon, sister of the Constable. Nicholas of Lorraine, son of Duke Antoine, was created Duke of Mercœur and a peer of France in 1569. His son Philippe Emmanuel left a daughter, who married the duc de Vendôme in 1609.
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William VII "the Young" of Auvergne was a Count of the region of Auvergne, France during the years 1145–1168. He accompanied the French king, Louis VII, on the Second Crusade.
The Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the whole Department of Haute-Loire, in the Region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Currently the diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Clermont. Last bishop, as of April 2015 was bishop Luc Crépy. Actually is bishop in Versailles, Since February 2021. The current bishop, as of March 2022 is Yves Baumgarten.
Mozac Abbey is a former Cluniac monastery in the commune of Mozac near Riom in Auvergne, France.
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The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France were the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France. While the term eventually came to refer to a territorial unit, the royal domain originally referred to the network of "castles, villages and estates, forests, towns, religious houses and bishoprics, and the rights of justice, tolls and taxes" effectively held by the king or under his domination. In terms of territory, before the reign of Henry IV, the domaine royal did not encompass the entirety of the territory of the kingdom of France and for much of the Middle Ages significant portions of the kingdom were the direct possessions of other feudal lords.
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Jeanne d'Ussel, also known as Jeanne de Clermont was countess of Forez, received in inheritance, belonging to the House of Ussel. She was married in June 1371 to Béraud II. Through marriage, Jeanne brought the fiefdom of d’Ussel in Languedoc, and the county of Forez, and eventually became known as "Jeanne de Forez" or "Jeanne de Clermont" in reference to her husband Béraud de Clermont, Dauphin d'Auvergne of the House of Clermont-Tonnerre of the Counts of Clermont-Tonnerre.
The Counts of Dammartin were the rulers of the county of Dammartin, based in the current commune of Dammartin-en-Goële as early as the 10th century. Located at the central plain of France, the county controlled the roads of Paris to Soissons and Laon. It seems that this county was initially held by Constance, the wife of Manasses Calvus, the first Count. The name Dammartin-en-Goële comes from Domnus Martinus, the Latin name of St. Martin of Tours, who evangelized the region of Goële in the fourth century. A small town in the district of Meaux in the Department of Seine-et-Marne, ancient village of Region of Île-de-France, it appears to go back to the earliest times; Dammartin-en-Goële, also called Velly, was in 1031 one of the most significant places in France.
References
↑ Some authors have named William VII and his descendants counts of Clermont (after the viscounty from which the family emerged), as a way to mark them as the legitimate line. However, this risks confusion with the episcopal County of Clermont in Auvergne, and also with the unrelated County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis.
↑ Some authors create a new numbering starting with the first dauphins even though the dauphinate did not really begin until 1302. Others choose to reestablish, beginning with William the Young, the numbering of the viscounts of Clermont who became counts of Auvergne, particularly for the dauphins named Robert.
↑ The numbering of the counts named William follows the one of the elective counts. However, the most traditional counting does not include William III, Duke of Aquitaine as a de facto count of Auvergne.
↑ According to Pontiari, E. (ed.) (1927-8), De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriæ et Siciliæ comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius, (Bologna) (“Malaterra”) IV.8, p. 90, Emma was intended to marry Philip I of France, but her father didn't know he was still married to Bertha of Holland, and it was Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse who arranged for her to marry William VI. This could only have happened in 1092, probably between the separation of the royal couple, and the beginning of the bigamous marriage of the king to Bertrade of Montfort.
↑ A previous marriage to Joanna of Calabria is mentioned in a spurious document. See Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 62.
↑ He is alternatively named Robert I Dauphin, thus restarting the numbering. In the present table the numbering will continue from the original county of Auvergne.
↑ The numbering in the Dauphinate starts from where the division left it; He was the eighth William in this part of the county.
↑ Somes sources state him as I or II, depending on whether his grandfather was named Robert or simply Dauphin For the reason of the numbering on the present table see footnote on Robert IV Dauphin.
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