List of rulers of Baden

Last updated

Monarchy of Baden
Provincial/State
Coat of Arms of the Grand Duchy of Baden 1877-1918.svg
GrandDukeFriedrichII.jpg
Frederick II
Details
Style His Royal Highness (for Grand Dukes)
First monarchBerthold I (as Count)
Last monarch Frederick II (as Grand Duke)
Formation962
Abolition22 November 1918
AppointerHereditary
Pretender(s) Bernhard (as Margrave)

Baden was an Imperial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France, primarily consisting of territory along the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Alsace and the Palatinate.

Contents

History

The territory evolved out of the Breisgau, an early medieval county in the Duchy of Swabia. A continuous sequence of counts is known since 962; the counts belong to the House of Zähringen. In 1061, the counts first acquired the additional title of Margrave of Verona. Even though they lost the March of Verona soon thereafter, they kept the title of margrave. In 1112, the title of Margrave of Baden was first used.

For most of the early modern period, the Margraviate of Baden was divided into two parts, one ruled by the Catholic Margraves of Baden-Baden, and the other by the Protestant Margraves of Baden-Durlach. In 1771, the main Baden-Baden line became extinct, and all of the Baden lands came under the rule of the Baden-Durlach line. The reunited margraviate existed until 1803.

During the Napoleonic era, in the imperial reorganisation of 1803, Baden gained a great deal of additional territory, and its ruler was promoted to become one of the few prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. However, this situation lasted only for three years until the crushing Battle of Austerlitz at the hands of Napoleon's armies, which caused the Holy Roman Empire to be declared dissolved eight months later, in August 1806.

By definition the Electorate of Baden then ceased to exist as such. Just as the former Holy Roman Emperor now assumed the title of Emperor of Austria, so the ruler of Baden assumed that of Grand Duke of Baden. The Grand Duchy of Baden, with increased additional territory, continued in existence approximately within its 1806 borders until the fall of the German monarchies in 1918, when it became the Republic of Baden.

Counts in Breisgau

The Margraviate of Baden

During the 11th century, the Duchy of Swabia lacked a powerful central authority and was under the control of various comital dynasties, the strongest of them being the House of Hohenstaufen, the House of Welf, the Habsburgs and the House of Zähringen. Emperor Henry III had promised the ducal throne to the Zähringen scion Berthold, however, upon Henry's death in 1056, his widow Agnes of Poitou appointed Rudolf of Rheinfelden as Duke of Swabia. Berthold renounced his rights and was compensated with the Duchy of Carinthia and the March of Verona in Italy. Not able to establish himself, he finally lost both territories, when he was deposed by King Henry IV of Germany during the Investiture Controversy in 1077. Berthold retired to his Swabian home territory, where he died the next year. The Veronese margravial title was nevertheless retained by his eldest son, Herman I.

Herman II, son of Herman I and grandson of Berthold, had concluded an agreement with the rival Hohenstaufen dynasty, and about 1098 was enfeoffed with immediate territory by Emperor Henry IV. He chose to establish his residence in Germany, as he had been born and raised there. His lordship of choice was Baden (present-day Baden-Baden), where his father had gained the right to rule by marrying the heiress, Judit von Backnang-Sulichgau, Countess of Eberstein-Calw. In Baden, Herman II had Hohenbaden Castle built. Construction began about 1100, and when it was completed in 1112, he marked the occasion by adopting the title of Margrave of Baden.

House of Zähringen

Partitions of Baden under Zähringen rule

      
Margraviate of Baden
(1161–1515)
(Baden-Pforzheim line from 1348)
Baden-Hachberg
(1190–1415)
      Baden-Pforzheim
(1290–1348)
Baden-Eberstein
(1290–1353)
      Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg
(1290–1503)
            
      
      
      
(In 1515 new divisions were made)
      Baden-Sponheim
(1515–1533)
Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
(Durlach-Sausenberg line
from 1604
)

(1515-1771)
      
Baden-Baden
(Baden-Rodemachern line
from 1588)

(1515–1771)
Baden-Rodemachern
(1536–1666)
Baden-Durlach-Sausenberg
(1577–1604)
      Baden-Durlach-Hachberg
(1577–1591)
      
      
      
      
Margraviate of Baden
(from Baden-Durlach line)
(1771–1803)

Table of rulers

(Note: Between 1190 and 1515 there were three main numberings of rulers in Baden: the Baden numbering, valid for all divisions of Baden with exception of Hachberg; the Hachberg numbering, valid in the namesake territory; and the Hachberg-Sausenberg, division of the previous, which also adopted an independent numbering for its rulers. With the reunion of Baden in 1503, Baden original numbering ended up prevailing over the others.)

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Herman II c.10601074–11307 October 1130 Baden Judith of Hohenberg
c.1105
two children
He was the first to use the title of "Margrave of Baden" (in 1112).
Herman III the Great c.11051130–116016 January 1160 Baden Bertha of Lorraine
1134
one child

Maria of Bohemia
After 1141
one child
In 1151, the margraviate of Verona was taken from Ottokar III of Styria and conferred on Herman III. Took part in the Second Crusade.
Herman IV c.11351160–119013 September 1190 Baden Bertha of Tübingen
1162
seven children
Took part in various battles at the side of the German Emperor, and also joined on the Third Crusade.
Henry I c.1180?1190–12312 July 1231 Baden-Hachberg Agnes of Urach
Before 1231
three children
Herman V Herman V, Margrave of Baden-Baden.jpg c.11801190–124316 January 1243 Baden Irmengard of the Palatinate-Rhine
1217
four children
Henry II Heinrich II. (Baden-Hachberg).jpg Before 12311231–12891297 or 1298 Baden-Hachberg Anne of Üsingen-Ketzingen
Before 1289
eight children
Abdicated in 1289, and joined the Teutonic Knights.
Herman VI Herman VI, Margrave of Baden.jpg c.12261243–12504 October 1250 Baden Gertrude of Austria
1248
two children
Fought in the Austrian War of Succession in 1246, claiming the title "Duke of Austria" from 1248.
Frederick I Konradin.jpg c.12491250–126829 October 1268 Baden UnmarriedNephew and uncle (respectively son and brother of Herman VI) ruled jointly. Frederick accompanied King Conradin in his battles and was beheaded with him in 1268. From then on, Rudolph ruled alone.
Rudolph I Rudolf I v Baden.jpg c.12301250–128819 November 1288 Baden Kunigunde of Eberstein
20 May 1257
eight children
Herman VII the Rouser Herman 7 of Baden.jpg c.12661288–129112 July 1291 Baden Agnes of Truhendingen
Before 6 October 1278
four children
Children of Rudolph III, ruled jointly. From 1290 the brothers shared land with the sons of Herman VII.
Rudolph II the Elder Margraves of Baden.jpg c.1266?1288–129514 February 1295 Baden Adelaide of Ochsenstein
2 May 1285
three children
Rudolph III the Younger c.1266?1288–13322 February 1332 Baden Jutta of Strassberg
1306
no children
Hesso c.12681288–129713 February 1297 Baden Clara of Klingen
Before 1291
one child?

Irmengard of Württemberg
Before 1295
no children

Adelaide of Rieneck
Before 1299
one child
Henry III Siegel Heinrich III v Hachberg.jpg Before 12891289–13301330 Baden-Hachberg Agnes of Hohenberg
Before 1310
three children
Rudolph I Rudolf I Hachberg-Sausenberg.jpg Before 12891290–13131313 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Agnes of Rötteln
1298 or 1299
three children
Son of Henry II, founded the Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Branch.
Frederick II Before 12781291–133322 June 1333 Baden-Eberstein Agnes of Weinsberg
before 16 October 1312
one child

Margaret of Vaihingen
Before 1333
four children
Son of Herman VII, founded the Baden-Baden-Eberstein Branch
Herman VIII Before 12781291–13001300 Baden-Pforzheim UnmarriedSon of Herman VII, ruled jointly with his brother Rudolph IV.
Rudolph Hesso c.12901297–133517 August 1335 Baden Joanna of Burgundy
Before 1335
two children
With no male heirs, Baden-Baden was inherited after his death by his cousin, Rudolf IV, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim.
Rudolph IV Before 12781291–133525 June 1348 Baden-Pforzheim Liutgard of Bolanden
28 February 1318
no children

Maria of Oettingen
18 February 1326
two children
Ruled Pforzheim with his brother Herman VIII. Rudolph inherited Baden in 1335, after the death of his cousin Rudolph Hesso.
1335-1348 Baden
Henry 13001313–13181318 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg UnmarriedSons of Rudolph IV, ruled jointly.
Rudolph II 13011313–13521352 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Catherine of Thierstein
c.1343
two children
Otto Grabplatte Otto I. Hachberg Sausenberg.JPG 13021318–13841384 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Catherine of Grandson
no children

Elisabeth of Strasbourg
Before 1352
no children
Henry IV Siegel Heinrich IV v Hachberg.jpg Before 13101330–13691369 Baden-Hachberg Anna of Usenberg
Before 1369
four children
Herman IX Herman7 of Baden.jpg Before 13331333–135313 April 1353 Baden-Eberstein Matilda of Vaihingen
c.3 June 1341
one child
Son of Frederick II, he had a son, who predeceased him. At his death Baden-Baden-Eberstein returned to Baden-Baden.
Rudolph V Trachtenbuch des Matthaus Schwarz aus Augsburg,1520 - 1560 132.png Before 13481348–136128 August 1361 Baden-Pforzheim Adelaide of Belfort
26 August 1347
no children
After his death without children, Pforzheim returned again to Baden-Baden, to the hands of his nephew Rudolph VI.
Frederick III 13271348–13532 September 1353 Baden Margaret of Baden-Baden
1345
two children
Sons of Rudolph V, ruled jointly. Frederick married his cousin Margaret, daughter of Rudolph Hesso, and Rudolph IX inherited (after his nrtoher and uncle's death) Pforzheim, reuniting it with Baden-Baden.
Rudolph VI Rudolf4Baden.jpg c.13451353–137221 March 1372 Baden Matilda of Sponheim
1356
three children
Inherited Pforzheim from his uncle, Rudolph V, in 1361, reuniting it with Baden.
Otto I Before 13691369–13869 July 1386 Baden-Hachberg UnmarriedDied at the Battle of Sempach, against the Swiss.
Bernard I Bernhard I von Baden.jpg 13641372–14315 April 1431 Baden Margaret of Hohenberg
1 September 1384
(annulled 1391)
no children

Anna of Oettingen
27 March 1398
ten children
Sons of Rudolph IX, ruled jointly. In 1415 Bernard annexed the lands of Baden-Hachberg.
Rudolph VII Rudolf 7 Baden.jpg After 1356?1372–13911391 Baden Unmarried
Rudolph III Rudolf III. (Hachberg-Sausenberg).jpg 13431384–14288 February 1428 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Adelaide of Lichtenberg
1373
no children

Anna of Freiburg
1387
thirteen children
John I Before 13691386–14091409 Baden-Hachberg UnmarriedBrothers of Otto I, ruled jointly.
Hesso Before 13691386–14101410 Baden-Hachberg Anna of Geroldseck
Before 1381
three children

Margaret of Tübingen
1381
one child
Otto II Siegel Otto II v Hachberg.jpg Before 13811410–14151418 Baden-Hachberg UnmarriedIn 1415, possibly in debt, sold Hachberg to his cousin Bernard I of Baden-Baden.
William Wilhelm Hachberg.JPG 11 July 14061428–144115 August 1482 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Elisabeth of Montfort-Bregenz
1425
(annulled 1436)
three children
Abdicated in 1441 for his sons.
James I Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden.jpg 15 March 14071431–145313 October 1453 Baden Catherine of Lorraine
25 July 1422
seven children
Hugo After 14271441–14441444 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg UnmarriedSons of Wiliam I, ruled jointly. In 1458, Rudolph inherited the Swiss county of Neuchâtel.
Rudolph IV Rudolf IV. v. Hachberg-Sausenberg.jpg 1426 or 14271441–148712 April 1487 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Margaret of Vienne
c.1450
two children
Bernard II Schopfheim - Katholische Pfarrkirche8.jpg 1428 or 14291453–145815 July 1458 Baden UnmarriedCo-ruled with his brother Charles I. He spent most of his income assisting the poor and those in need.
Charles I Karl I of Baden.jpg 14271453–147524 February 1475 Baden Catherine of Austria
1 July 1447
six children
Co-ruled with his brother until 1458. then ruled alone.
Christopher I Christoph I of baden 1515 munich.jpg 13 November 14531475–151519 April 1527 Baden Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen
30 January 1469
fifteen children
In 1503 annexed Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg. Ruled an unified Baden, but abdicated for his sons, who divided Baden again.
Philip 14541487–15039 September 1503 Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg Maria of Savoy
October 1478
one child
Also count of Neuchâtel. Didn't have male heirs and Baden-Hachberg Sausenberg was incorporated in Baden-Baden. However, his possessions in Neuchâtel passed to his daughter Joanna.
Bernard III Bernhard III. von Baden.jpg 7 October 14741515–153629 June 1536 Baden-Baden Franziska of Luxembourg-Ligny
1535
two children
First margrave of the recreated Baden-Baden. After his death his lands were divided between his sons: Christopher II received Baden-Baden-Rodemachern, and Philibert I, the remaining Baden-Baden. However, as his heirs were minors, the lands remained united under the regency of his widow Franziska.
Ernest I Ernst Baden.jpg 7 October 14821515–15526 February 1553 Baden-Durlach Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
29 September 1510
seven children

Ursula of Rosenfeld
1518
(morganatic)
three children

Anna Bombast of Hohenheim
1 March 1544
(morganatic)
no children
First margrave of Baden-Durlach. Abdicated for his son.
Philip I 6 November 14791515–153317 September 1533 Baden-Sponheim Elisabeth of the Palatinate
3 January 1503
Heidelberg
six children
Received Baden-Sponheim from his father, Christopher I. Died with no surviving sons, and his lands reverted to Baden-Baden.
Regency of Franziska of Luxembourg-Ligny (1536-1554)Children of Bernard III, ruled under their mother, and then divided the land.
Philibert I Philibert Baden.jpeg 22 January 15361536–15693 October 1569 Baden-Baden Matilda of Bavaria
17 January 1557
four children
Christopher II Image-Christoph II. von Baden.jpg 26 February 15371554–15752 August 1575 Baden-Baden-Rodemachern Cecilia of Sweden
11 November 1564
six children
Bernard IV 15171552–155320 January 1553 Baden-Durlach UnmarriedLeft no heirs. The land goes to his brother, Charles II.
Charles II Karl II Kupferstich v Muenze.JPG 24 July 15291553–157723 March 1577 Baden-Durlach Kunigunde of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
10 March 1551
two children

Anna of the Palatinate-Veldenz
1 August 1558
Heidelberg
six children
After his death Baden-Durlach was divided between his three sons: Baden-Durlach-Hachberg went to Jacob III, second son of Charles; Baden-Durlach-Sausenberg to George Frederick, third son of Charles; the remaining Baden-Durlach went to the oldest son, Ernest Frederick. But as the heirs were minors, until 1584 Baden-Durlach remained united under regents.
Regency of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (1569-1577)The Catholic rite was reintroduced on Baden. Left no descendants. Baden-Baden is inherited by his cousin Edward Fortunatus, of the branch of Baden-Rodemachern.
Philip II Philipp II Baden.jpeg 19 February 15591569–15887 June 1588 Baden-Baden Unmarried
Edward Fortunatus Eduard Fortunat von Baden.jpg 17 September 15651575–15888 June 1600 Baden-Rodemachern Maria van Eicken
13 March 1591
Brussels
four children
Son of Christopher II, inherited Baden-Baden in 1588 from his cousin Philip III. In the same year he abdicated of Baden-Baden-Rodemachern to his younger brother Philip IV. In 1594 Baden-Baden was occupied by Baden-Durlach.
1588-1594 Baden-Baden
James III [1] Markgraf Jakob III. von Baden.jpg 26 May 15621584–159017 August 1590 Baden-Durlach-Hachberg Elisabeth of Culemborg-Pallandt
6 September 1584
four children
Second son of Charles II, received Baden-Durlach-Hachberg.
Philip IV 15 August 15671588–16206 November 1620 Baden-Baden-Rodemachern Maria van Eicken
13 March 1591
Brussels
four children
Inherited Baden-Baden-Rodemachern in 1588 from his older brother Edward Fortunatus, who abdicated on him. After his death Rodemachern passed to his nephew and second son of Edward Fortunatus, Herman.
Regency of Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1590-1591)Posthumous son of James II, died in infancy, under the illegal regency of the margrave of Baden-Durlach, who also annexed Ernest James' margraviate.
Ernest James 24 August 15901590–159129 May 1591 Baden-Durlach-Hachberg Unmarried
Regency of Anna of the Palatinate-Veldenz, Louis III, Duke of Württemberg and Louis VI, Elector Palatine (1577-1584)Children of Charles II. The oldest son, Ernest Frederick, received the remaining Baden-Durlach. Left no descendants and his lands were inherited by George Frederick, his brother from Baden-Durlach-Sausenberg. Occupied Baden-Baden and passed it to his brother after his death. George Frederick was the third son of Charles II, and received Baden-Durlach-Sausenberg. After the death of his older brothers without heirs, he united in 1604 Baden-Durlach under his rule. Also retained, until 1621, Baden-Baden, but was defeated by his kinsman William II, son of Edward Fortunatus. Reunited, in 1604, Baden-Durlach.
Ernest Frederick Ernst Friedrich v Baden Durlach Kupferstich v Muenze 3.jpg 17 October 15601577–160414 April 1604 Baden-Durlach Anne of East Frisia
21 December 1585
no children
1594–1604 Baden-Baden
George Frederick Arolsen Klebeband 01 279 3.jpg 30 January 15731577-160424 September 1638 Baden-Durlach-Sausenberg Juliane Ursula of Salm-Neufville
2 July 1592
fifteen children

Agatha of Erbach-Breuberg
23 October 1614
three children

Elizabeth Stolz
29 July 1621
(morganatic)
no children
1604–1621 Baden-Baden
1621–1638 Baden-Durlach
Herman Fortunatus 23 January 15951620–16654 January 1665 Baden-Baden-Rodemachern Antonia Elisabeth of Criechingen
18 April 1627
three children

Maria Sidonia of Daun-Falkenstein
After 1635
two children
Second son of Edward Fortunatus, inherited from his uncle Baden-Baden-Rodemachern.
William II Arolsen Klebeband 01 291.jpg 30 July 15931621–167722 May 1677 Baden-Baden Catherine Ursula of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
13 October 1624
fourteen children

Maria Magdalena of Oettingen-Baldern
1650
Vienna
five children
Oldest son of Edward Fortunatus, recovered his inheritance in 1621.
Frederick V the Kinsman [2] Friedrich V Baden-Durlach.jpg 6 July 15941638–16598 September 1659 Baden-Durlach Barbara of Württemberg
21 December 1616
seven children

Eleonore of Solms-Laubach
8 October 1627
three children

Maria Elisabeth of Waldeck-Eisenberg
21 January 1634
no children

Anna Maria von Hohen-Geroldseck
13 February 1644
no children

Eusebia Elisabeth of Fürstenberg
20 May 1650
no children
Frederick VI the Turkish Friedrich VI. von Baden-Durlach.jpg 16 November 16171659–167731 January 1677 Baden-Durlach Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg
30 November 1642
Stockholm
eight children

Johanna Bayer of Sendau
After 1662
(morganatic)
two children
Charles William 16271665–16661666 Baden-Baden-Rodemachern UnmarriedDied without descendants and his lands reverted to Baden-Baden.
Louis William the Turkish HGM Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden Baden.jpg 8 April 16551677–17074 January 1707 Baden-Baden Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg
27 March 1690
Ostrov
ten children
Grandson of William I. Made war with France.
Frederick VII Magnus Friedrich Magnus v Baden Durlach 2.jpg 23 September 16471677–170925 June 1709 Baden-Durlach Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp
15 May 1670
Husum
eleven children
Regency of Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg (1707-1727)Sibylle has been credited with the reconstruction of Baden-Baden, which had been ravaged greatly by the French during various wars.
Louis George the Hunter

(under regency of Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg (1707-1727))
Ludwig Georg Simpert.jpg 7 June 17021707–176122 October 1761 Baden-Baden Maria Anna of Schwarzenberg
8 April 1721
Český Krumlov
four children

Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria
20 July 1755
Ettlingen
no children
Charles III William Huber Carl III.Wilhelm.jpeg 27 January 16791709–173812 May 1738 Baden-Durlach Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg
27 June 1697
(separated 1715)
three children
August George Heinrich Lihl 001.jpg 14 January 17061761–177121 October 1771 Baden-Baden Maria Victoria of Arenberg
7 December 1735
Rastatt
no children
Last male member of the Baden-Baden line, after his death without heirs Baden-Baden fell to the Baden-Durlach line, who reunited all Baden.
Regencies of Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg (1738-1742) and Charles August of Baden-Durlach (1738-1746)In 1746 attained majority. In 1771 inherited the Baden-Baden lands and reunified the margraviate of Baden.In 1803 became Elector.
Charles Frederick Karl Friedrich von Baden.jpg 22 November 17281738–177110 June 1811 Baden-Durlach Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
28 January 1751
five children

Louise Caroline of Hochberg
24 November 1787
(morganatic)
five children
1771–1803 Baden

Elector of Baden, 1803–1806

Elector of Baden
Baden Dynasty
ImageName
(Birth–Death)
BeganEndedNotes
Karl Friedrich von Baden.jpg Charles Frederick
Karl Friedrich
(1728–1811)
27 April 180325 July 1806The first and only Elector of Baden. Became Grand Duke of Baden.

Grand Dukes of Baden, 1806–1918

Grand Dukes of Baden [3] [ better source needed ]
Baden Dynasty
ImageName
(Birth–Death)
BeganEndedNotes
Karl Friedrich von Baden.jpg Charles Frederick
Karl Friedrich
(1728–1811)
25 July 180610 June 1811
Grossherzog Karl von Baden 1811.jpg Charles I
Karl I
(1786–1818)
10 June 18118 December 1818Grandson of Charles Frederick.
Grossherzog Ludwig von Baden 1820.jpg Louis I
Ludwig I
(1763–1830)
8 December 181830 March 1830Uncle of Charles.
Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden.PNG Leopold I
Leopold I
(1790–1852)
30 March 183024 April 1852Half-brother of Louis I.
Ludwig II. Grand duke of Baden.png Louis II
Ludwig II
(1824–1858)
24 April 185222 January 1858Son of Leopold I. Ruled under the regency of his brother Frederick.
Friedrich I of Baden.jpg Frederick I
Friedrich I
(1826–1907)
22 January 185828 September 1907Brother of Louis II. Served as regent 1852–1858. Took the title of Grand Duke in 1856. Became a subordinate ruler in the German Empire after the Unification of Germany in 1871.
GrandDukeFriedrichII.jpg Frederick II
Friedrich II
(1857–1928)
28 September 190722 November 1918Son of Frederick I. The last Grand Duke of Baden. Abdicated in the German Revolution of 1918–1919.

Presidents of the Republic of Baden, 1918–1945

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The Margraviate of Baden was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Spread along the east side of the Upper Rhine River in southwestern Germany, it was named a margraviate in 1112 and existed until 1535, when it was split into the two margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden. The two parts were reunited in 1771 under Margrave Charles Frederick, even if the three parts of the State maintained their distinct seats to the Reichstag. The restored Margraviate of Baden was elevated to the status of electorate in 1803. In 1806, the Electorate of Baden, receiving territorial additions, became the Grand Duchy of Baden. The rulers of Baden, known as the House of Baden, were a cadet line of the Swabian House of Zähringen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Swabia</span> One of five stem duchies of the German Kingdom

The Duchy of Swabia was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German Kingdom. It arose in the 10th century in the southwestern area that had been settled by Alemanni tribes in Late Antiquity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Austria</span> State of the Holy Roman Empire (1156–1453)

The Duchy of Austria was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right. After the ruling dukes of the House of Babenberg became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king Rudolf I took over the dominion as the first monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1453, the archducal title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke Rudolf IV in the forged Privilegium Maius of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berthold, Duke of Merania</span>

Berthold IV, a member of the House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola. By about 1180/82 he assumed the title of Duke of Merania, referring to the Adriatic seacoast of Kvarner which his ancestors had conquered in the 1060s and annexed to Istria and Carniola.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March of Carniola</span>

The Marchof Carniola was a southeastern state of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages, the predecessor of the Duchy of Carniola. It corresponded roughly to the central Carniolan region of present-day Slovenia. At the time of its creation, the march served as a frontier defense against the Kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March of Verona</span> Frontier territory of the Holy Roman Empire in northeast Italy (952–1167)

The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march of the Holy Roman Empire in the northeastern Italian peninsula during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia. Seized by King Otto I of Germany in 952, it was held by the Dukes of Bavaria; from 976 in personal union with the Duchy of Carinthia. The margravial regime ended with the advent of the Lombard League in 1167.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March of Istria</span> Historical Carolingian border march

The March of Istria was originally a Carolingian frontier march covering the Istrian peninsula and surrounding territory conquered by Charlemagne's son Pepin of Italy in 789. After 1364, it was the name of the Istrian province of the Habsburg monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coat of arms of Baden</span>

The coat of arms of Baden comes from the personal arms of the Margraves and Grand Dukes of Baden, the traditional rulers of the region. Following the revolution and abolition of the Grand Duchy in 1918, the arms and griffin supporters were usurped from the Grand Dukes by the new republic to represent the people and country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margraviate of Baden-Durlach</span> German principality from 1535 to 1771

The Margraviate of Baden-Durlach was an early modern territory of the Holy Roman Empire, in the upper Rhine valley, which existed from 1535 to 1771. It was formed when the Margraviate of Baden was split between the sons of Margrave Christopher I and was named for its capital, Durlach. The other half of the territory became the Margraviate of Baden-Baden, located between the two halves of Baden-Durlach. Baden-Durlach became Lutheran during the Protestant Reformation, unlike Baden-Baden, which remained Catholic. Baden-Durlach occupied Baden-Baden from 1594 to 1622, but was driven out after being defeated at the Battle of Wimpfen, during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). The territory was ravaged during the Nine Years' War (1688-1697). Following the extinction of the Baden-Baden line in 1771, the Baden-Durlach inherited their territories and reunited the Margraviate of Baden. The reunified territory was caught up in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, emerging in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Baden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Counts of Freiburg</span>

The Counts of Freiburg were the descendants of Count Egino of Urach. They ruled over the city of Freiburg and the Breisgau between approximately 1245 and 1368.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg</span>

The Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, in the upper Rhine valley, which existed from 1212 to 1415.

References

  1. He is numbered III after Jakob von Baden (Archbishop of Trier), usually counted as James II but didn't rule.
  2. He is numbered V after Frederick of Baden (Bishop of Utrecht), usually counted as Frederick IV but didn't rule.
  3. Marek, Miroslav. "baden/baden4.html". genealogy.euweb.cz.[ self-published source ]