List of songs recorded by Fiona Apple

Last updated

Fiona Apple performing in 2012 Fiona Apple 2012.png
Fiona Apple performing in 2012

American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple has recorded songs for her five studio albums and collaborated with other artists for duets and featured songs on their respective albums. After signing a contract in 1995 with the Work Group, a division of Sony Music, eighteen-year-old Apple moved from New York to Los Angeles to record her debut album, Tidal (1996). [1] [2] She wrote all of its songs, and would continue to do so for her later albums. "Shadowboxer" was Tidal's lead single, later followed by "Slow Like Honey", "Sleep to Dream", "The First Taste", "Criminal" and "Never Is a Promise". In 1998, Apple also recorded two cover versions for the film soundtrack Pleasantville : "Across the Universe" (Lennon–McCartney) and "Please Send Me Someone to Love" (Percy Mayfield). Sony released Apple's second album, When the Pawn... , in 1999, which was less commercially successful than her debut. [3] It included the singles "Fast as You Can", "Limp" and "Paper Bag".

After a six-year hiatus, Extraordinary Machine (2005) was released by Sony. Its singles included "Parting Gift", "O' Sailor", "Not About Love", and "Get Him Back". A year later, Apple recorded "Sally's Song", a song written by composer Danny Elfman, for the special edition soundtrack to The Nightmare Before Christmas . [4] In 2012, Sony released "Every Single Night", the lead single of Apple's fourth album, The Idler Wheel... , which was released soon after. [5] This single was followed by "Werewolf" and "Anything We Want". [6] [7] That year also saw Apple record "Dull Tool", her first original song for a film soundtrack, for the film This Is 40 . [8] After an eight-year hiatus, Fetch the Bolt Cutters (2020) was released by Sony. Its lead single, "Shameika", was released soon after. [9] The album was met with widespread acclaim, with many critics deeming it an instant classic, a masterpiece, and Apple's best work to date. [10]

In addition, Apple has recorded five songs for compilation albums, including "Frosty the Snowman" for the holiday album Christmas Calling (2003), "I Walk a Little Faster" and "Why Try to Change Me Now" for The Best Is Yet to Come: The Songs of Cy Coleman (2009), "So Sleepy" (featuring Jon Brion and the Punch Brothers) for Chickens in Love (2010), "Everyday" (with Brion) for Rave On Buddy Holly (2011), and "I'm in the Middle of a Riddle" (featuring Maude Maggart) for Sweetheart 2014 (2014). Collaborations appearing on other artists' albums include "Bridge over Troubled Water" and "Father and Son" for Johnny Cash's albums American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002) and Unearthed (2003), "Loveless" for Davíd Garza's Dream Delay (2008), and "You're the One I Love" for Sara Watkins 'Sun Midnight Sun (2012). Other collaborations released as singles include "Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)" with Zach Galifianakis (2006) and "I Want You" with Elvis Costello (2006). Apple also performed the jazz standard "Angel Eyes" for the film Largo, though no official soundtrack was released.

List of songs

Apple's cover of "Across the Universe", credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney (pictured in 1964), was recorded for the Pleasantville soundtrack, released in 1998. 1964-Lennon-McCartney (cropped).jpg
Apple's cover of "Across the Universe", credited to John Lennon and Paul McCartney (pictured in 1964), was recorded for the Pleasantville soundtrack, released in 1998.
Apple provided vocals to Zach Galifianakis' (pictured in 2007) promotional single "Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)" (2006). ZachGalifianakisMar07.jpg
Apple provided vocals to Zach Galifianakis ' (pictured in 2007) promotional single "Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)" (2006).
Apple recorded "Bridge over Troubled Water" with Johnny Cash (pictured in 1969) for his 2002 album American IV: The Man Comes Around; the duo also recorded "Father and Son" for Cash's 2003 album Unearthed. JohnnyCash1969.jpg
Apple recorded "Bridge over Troubled Water" with Johnny Cash (pictured in 1969) for his 2002 album American IV: The Man Comes Around ; the duo also recorded "Father and Son" for Cash's 2003 album Unearthed .
Apple and Ben Lee are featured guests on "Hey Big Dog" from Margaret Cho's (pictured in 2009) album Cho Dependent, released in 2010. Margaret Cho 2009.jpg
Apple and Ben Lee are featured guests on "Hey Big Dog" from Margaret Cho's (pictured in 2009) album Cho Dependent , released in 2010.
Apple recorded "I Want You" with Elvis Costello (pictured in 2006) for the VH1 Classic television program Decades Rock Live in 2006; the song was later released as a single. Elvis costello.jpg
Apple recorded "I Want You" with Elvis Costello (pictured in 2006) for the VH1 Classic television program Decades Rock Live in 2006; the song was later released as a single.
Apple provided vocals for "You're the One I Love" on Sara Watkins' (pictured in 2009) album Sun Midnight Sun (2012). SaraWatkinsACL.jpg
Apple provided vocals for "You're the One I Love" on Sara Watkins ' (pictured in 2009) album Sun Midnight Sun (2012).
Key
Indicates single release
List of songs recorded by Fiona Apple
SongArtist(s)Writer(s)Original releaseYearRef.
"Across the Universe"Fiona Apple Lennon–McCartney Pleasantville 1998 [12]
"Angel Eyes"Fiona Apple Matt Dennis
Earl Brent
2008 [13]
[14]
"Anything We Want"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Better Version of Me"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Bridge over Troubled Water" Johnny Cash featuring Fiona Apple Paul Simon American IV: The Man Comes Around 2002 [17]
"Carrion"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"The Child Is Gone"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)" Zach Galifianakis featuring Fiona AppleUnknown"Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)" (Single)2006 [19]
"Container"Fiona AppleFiona Apple2014 [20]
"Cosmonauts"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Criminal"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Daredevil"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Don't Worry 'Bout Me" Jeff Goldblum and the Mildred Snitzer
Orchestra, featuring Fiona Apple
Rube Bloom
Ted Koehler
I Shouldn’t Be Telling You This2019 [15]
"Drumset"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Dull Tool"Fiona AppleFiona Apple This Is 40 2012 [22]
[23]
"Every Single Night"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Everyday"Fiona Apple and Jon Brion Buddy Holly
Norman Petty
Rave On Buddy Holly 2011 [24]
"Extraordinary Machine"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Fast as You Can"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Father and Son" Johnny Cash featuring Fiona Apple Cat Stevens Unearthed 2003 [26]
"Fetch the Bolt Cutters"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"The First Taste"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"For Her"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Frosty the Snowman"Fiona AppleSteve Nelson
Walter E. Rollins
Christmas Calling2003 [27]
"Get Gone"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Get Him Back"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Heavy Balloon"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Hey Big Dog" Margaret Cho featuring Fiona Apple and Ben Lee Patty Griffin Cho Dependent 2012 [28]
[29]
"Hot Knife"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"I'm in the Middle of a Riddle"Fiona Apple featuring Maude Maggart Anton Karas Sweetheart 2014 2014 [30]
"I Can't Wait to Meet You"Fiona AppleSolangie Jimenez, Thomas Cabaniss Hopes & Dreams: The Lullaby Project 2018 [31]
"I Know"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"I Know" King Princess featuring Fiona AppleFiona Apple2019 [32]
"I Walk a Little Faster"Fiona Apple Cy Coleman
Carolyn Leigh
The Best Is Yet to Come: The Songs of Cy Coleman 2009 [33]
[34]
"I Want You" Elvis Costello featuring Fiona Apple Elvis Costello "I Want You" (Single)2006 [35]
"I Want You to Love Me"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"It's Only a Paper Moon" Maude Maggart with Fiona Apple Harold Arlen
Yip Harburg
Billy Rose
With Sweet Despair2005 [36]
"Jonathan"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Ladies"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Largo"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel...
[Deluxe Version]
2012 [37]
"Left Alone"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Left Handed Kisses" Andrew Bird featuring Fiona Apple Andrew Bird Are You Serious 2016 [38]
"Limp"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Love Ridden"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Loveless" Davíd Garza featuring Fiona AppleUnknownDream Delay2008 [39]
[40]
"A Mistake"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Never Is a Promise"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Newspaper"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Not About Love"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"O' Sailor"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Oh Well"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"On I Go"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"On the Bound"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Parting Gift"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Pale September"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Paper Bag"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Periphery"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Please Please Please"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Please Send Me Someone to Love"Fiona Apple Percy Mayfield Pleasantville 1998 [41]
"Pure Imagination"Fiona Apple Leslie Bricusse
Anthony Newley
2013 [42]
"Rack of His"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Red Red Red"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Regret"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Relay"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"River, Stay Away from My Door"Fiona AppleTraditional [43] Extraordinary Machine
[Germany Bonus DVD]
2006 [44]
"Sally's Song"Fiona Apple Danny Elfman The Nightmare Before Christmas 2006 [45]
"Shadowboxer"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Shameika"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Sleep to Dream"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"Slow Like Honey"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"So Sleepy"Fiona Apple featuring Jon Brion and the Punch Brothers 826LA Chickens in Love2010 [46]
[47]
"Still I"Christophe Deluy featuring Fiona AppleUnknown2006 [48]
"Sullen Girl"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Tidal 1996 [18]
"To Your Love"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Tymps (The Sick in the Head Song)"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"Under The Table"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Fetch the Bolt Cutters 2020 [21]
"Valentine"Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Waltz (Better Than Fine)"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"The Way Things Are"Fiona AppleFiona Apple When the Pawn... 1999 [25]
"Werewolf" Fiona AppleFiona Apple The Idler Wheel... 2012 [15]
"Why Try to Change Me Now"Fiona Apple Cy Coleman
Joseph A. McCarthy
The Best Is Yet to Come: The Songs of Cy Coleman 2009 [33]
[34]
"Window"Fiona AppleFiona Apple Extraordinary Machine 2005 [16]
"You Belong to Me"Fiona Apple Billy Rose
Lee David
Extraordinary Machine
[Germany Bonus DVD]
2006 [44]
"You're the One I Love" Sara Watkins featuring Fiona Apple Felice and Boudleaux Bryant Sun Midnight Sun2012 [49]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fast as You Can</span> 1999 single by Fiona Apple

"Fast as You Can" is a song written by Fiona Apple, and produced by Jon Brion for her second album, When the Pawn.... It was released as the album's lead single in the United States on October 5, 1999, and in the United Kingdom on February 14, 2000. It became one of Apple's most successful singles in both countries, and its music video, directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, was well received.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filter discography</span>

The discography of Filter, an American rock band, consists of eight studio albums, one compilation album, one remix album, two video albums, two extended plays, 20 singles and 11 music videos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rock Mafia</span> American record production/songwriting duo

Rock Mafia is an American record production team, consisting of Tim James and Antonina Armato who have been active since the early 2000s. They have written and produced 38 top ten singles, and have sold over 50 million records worldwide. They have worked with artists such as JoJo Siwa, Brit Smith, Eminem, Marshmello, Quavo, Diplo, Illenium, Zedd, Gwen Stefani, Young Thug, Tiesto, No Doubt, Wyclef Jean, Green Day, Mariah Carey, Justin Bieber, Hoku, Flo Rida, Ellie Goulding, Aura Dione, Tokio Hotel, Bebe Rexha and Armin van Buuren. In the 2000s, they worked extensively with Disney stars signed to Hollywood Records, mainly Miley Cyrus, Vanessa Hudgens, Demi Lovato, and Selena Gomez.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiona Apple discography</span>

The discography of American singer-songwriter and pianist Fiona Apple consists of five studio albums, one compilation album, 2 video albums, 16 singles and 17 music videos.

References

General
Specific
  1. Shuster, Fred (August 20, 1996). "Polished Apple the 'Tidal" Pull of Her Songs Belies a Tender Age of Just 18". Los Angeles Daily News . Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2013.(subscription required)
  2. Wener, Ben (October 4, 1996). "Fiona Apple is putting the polish on a shiny new career". Knight Ridder . Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2013.(subscription required)
  3. Montagne, Renee (October 4, 2005). "Interview: Fiona Apple and her "Extraordinary Machine"". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 1, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2013.(subscription required)
  4. Swindoll, Jeff (November 11, 2006). "Soundtrack Review: Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (Special Edition)". Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  5. Cragg, Michael (June 12, 2012). "New music: Fiona Apple – Every Single Night". The Guardian . Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  6. Greenwald, David (June 4, 2012). "New Song: Fiona Apple, 'Werewolf'". MTV . Viacom Media Networks. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  7. Goble, Corban (June 11, 2012). "Stream Fiona Apple The Idler Wheel..." Stereogum . Buzz Media . Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  8. "Fiona Apple's 'This Is 40' Song 'Dull Tool' Leaks". Rolling Stone . November 18, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  9. Rutherford, Kevin (May 6, 2020). "Fiona Apple Makes Record-Breaking Return to Radio With 'Shameika'". Billboard . Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  10. Curto, Justin (April 17, 2020). "Critics Agree: Fiona Apple's Fetch the Bolt Cutters Is an Instant Classic". Vulture . Vox Media . Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  11. "Elvis Costello jams with Death Cab, Fiona Apple and more". Paste . Wolfgang's Vault. May 23, 2006. ISSN   1540-3106 . Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  12. Ryon, Ruth (October 18, 1998). "Singer buys '90210' star's home". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2013.(subscription required)
  13. "Fiona Apple – "Angel Eyes"". Largo. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  14. Cromelin, Richard (June 24, 2008). "A curious night at Largo". Los Angeles Times . ISSN   0458-3035. OCLC   3638237 . Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Idler Wheel... (booklet). Fiona Apple. Epic Records. 2012.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Extraordinary Machine (booklet). Fiona Apple. Epic Records. 2005.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  17. Danton, Eric R. (November 10, 2002). "Cash: Best songs on album hardest to record". Hartford Courant . Hartford, Connecticut. ISSN   1047-4153. OCLC   8807834 . Retrieved January 19, 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tidal (booklet). Fiona Apple. Epic Records. 1996.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  19. Singh, Amrit (September 8, 2008). "Zach Galifianakis & Fiona Apple – "Up In Them Guts"". Stereogum . Buzz Media . Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  20. Zuckerman, Esther (October 2, 2014). "'The Affair' opening credits feature new Fiona Apple song: Listen". Entertainment Weekly .
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Fetch the Bolt Cutters (booklet). Fiona Apple. Los Angeles: Epic Records. 2020. 19439774031.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  22. Wickman, Forrest (November 19, 2012). "Listen to a New Song From Fiona Apple". Slate . The Washington Post Company . Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  23. Makarechi, Kia (November 18, 2012). "'Dull Tool': Fiona Apple's 'This Is 40' Song Arrives With Plenty Of Spunk". The Huffington Post . Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  24. "The Playlist". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago, Illinois. July 3, 2011. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2013.(subscription required)
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 When the Pawn... (booklet). Fiona Apple. Epic Records. 1999.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  26. Strauss, Neil (November 27, 2003). "Johnny Cash's Legacy Of Emotions, on CD's". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. OCLC   1645522 . Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  27. Phares, Heather. "Christmas Calling". Allmusic . Rovi Corporation . Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  28. "Hear Fiona Apple, Andrew Bird Duet With Margaret Cho". TwentyFourBit. August 3, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  29. Cho, Margaret (August 3, 2010). "Hey Big Dog – with Patty Griffin, Ben Lee, Fiona Apple". MargaretCho.com. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  30. Battan, Carrie (December 11, 2013). "Listen: Fiona Apple, Vampire Weekend, Beck, Jim James, More on Starbucks Love Songs Covers Comp". Pitchfork Media . Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  31. "Hopes & Dreams: The Lullaby Project by Various Artists on Apple Music". Apple Music. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
  32. Lorusso, Marissa (January 25, 2019). "King Princess And Fiona Apple Collaborate On New Version Of 'I Know'". NPR. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  33. 1 2 "The Best Is Yet to Come – The Songs of Cy Coleman". iTunes Store . Apple. 4 January 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  34. 1 2 Prewitt, Catherine (July 20, 2009). "Cy Coleman Compilation to Feature Fiona Apple, Patty Griffin, Nikka Costa, Missy Higgins, Many More". Paste. Wolfgang's Vault. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  35. I Want You (Live for Decades Rock Live!) – Single (Media notes). Fiona Apple. Sony BMG Music Entertainment. 2006.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  36. With Sweet Despair (Media notes). Maude Maggart. SMAX Productions. 2005.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  37. "The Idler Wheel Is Wiser Than the Driver of the Screw and Whipping Cords Will Serve You More Than Ropes Will Ever Do (Deluxe Version)". iTunes Store. Apple. 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  38. Monger, Timothy. "Are You Serious- Andrew Bird". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
  39. Hernandez, Raoul (January 23, 2009). "Record Review: David Garza: Dream Delay (Cosmica)". The Austin Chronicle . Austin, Texas. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  40. Martell, Nevin (January 12, 2010). "Reviews: David Garza: Dream Delay". Filter . Los Angeles, California. ISSN   1544-2861. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  41. Wagner, Lon (November 13, 1998). "CD Reviews". The Virginian-Pilot . Norfolk, Virginia. ISSN   0889-6127. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2013.(subscription required)
  42. Roberts, Randall (September 13, 2013). "Fiona Apple covers Willy Wonka in striking new Chipotle clip". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  43. "Watch/Hear Fiona Apple Cover 15 Songs". TwentyFourBit. April 20, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  44. 1 2 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Extraordinary Machine (Germany Bonus DVD)". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  45. Montgomery, James (August 28, 2006). "Fall Out Boy, Panic, Marilyn Manson Add To New 'Nightmare Before Christmas' Soundtrack". MTV . Viacom Media Networks. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  46. Pilat, Kasia (June 9, 2010). "Fiona Apple Covers "So Sleepy"". Paste. Wolfgang's Vault. ISSN   1540-3106 . Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  47. "Fiona Apple – "So Sleepy" (Feat. Jon Brion & the Punch Brothers)". TwentyFourBit. June 7, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  48. "Still I featuring Fiona Apple". Myspace . Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  49. Leahey, Andrew. "Sun Midnight Sun". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved January 20, 2013.