List of telecom companies in India

Last updated

Direct-to-home (DTH) operators

There are 4 pay-for-use DTH service providers and one free-to-air service provider (DD Free Dish) in India. [1]

Contents

As of 30 September 2023, there are 64.18 million active paying DTH subscribers, in addition to the subscribers of state-owned DD Free Dish, in the country according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). [1] DD Free Dish has over 4 crore (40 million) subscribers. [1]

Market share of pay DTH operators in India as of 30 September 2023 according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

   Tata Play (32.43%)
   Airtel digital TV (27.01%)
   Dish TV (21.54%)
   Sun Direct (19.02%)
OperatorMarket shareOwnership
Tata Play 32.43% [1] Tata Group (70%)
Walt Disney (30%)
Airtel Digital TV 27.01% [1] Bharti Airtel (100%)

Dish TV

21.54% [1] Publicly Owned
Sun Direct 19.02% [1] Sun TV Network (80%)
Astro Group (20%)
DD Free Dish Government of India

Notes

  • DD free dish is a free-to-air service hence their subscriber data is not shown in the TRAI performance report. [1]
  • On 22 March 2018, Dish TV merged with d2h, creating the then-largest DTH service provider in India. [2]

Multiple-system operators (MSOs)

As of 30 September 2023, there are 995 MSOs (some also have an ISP license). [1]

List of top MSOs by subscribers

OperatorTotal Active Subscriber Base [1]

(in million)

GTPL Hathway Ltd9,011,425
Siti Networks Ltd5,775,169
Hathway Digital Ltd5,385,246
Thamizhaga Cable TV Communication Pvt Ltd. (TCCL)3,821,799
Den Networks Ltd3,816,171
Kerala Communicators Cable Ltd (KCCL)3,314,769
NXT Digital Ltd (HITS)2,263,930
KAL Cables2,031,754
V K Digital Network Pvt. Ltd1,677,702
Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation Ltd (TACTV)1,602,780
Fastway Transmissions Pvt Ltd1,564,564
NXT Digital Ltd (CATV)1,122,783

Wireless operators

As of 31 December 2023, there are 1.158 billion wireless subscribers in India (including inactive users) according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). [3]

Market share of Wireless Mobile operators in India as of 31 December 2023 according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) [4]

  Reliance Jio (39.69%)
  Bharti Airtel (32.95%)
  Vodafone Idea (19.25%)
  BSNL (7.94%)
  MTNL (0.17%)

Mobile operators

Over the past decade, the Indian cellular services market has seen rapid consolidation. The launch of Jio Platforms in 2016 changed the market dynamics substantially as the company offered free data and voice services during its first year of operations, prompting a fierce price war in the market. Jio managed to garner over 10 crore (100 million) subscribers in its first 6 months of operations. [5] [6] [7]

As a result, the number of operators in the Indian cellular market have substantially reduced over the past decade. At its peak, the market had as many as 12 active mobile operators. [5]

In 2018, Airtel India lost its market leadership position for the first time in 15 years as a result of the completion of a merger between then telecom giants Vodafone India and Idea Cellular. [8]

Active operators

List of active mobile operators in the country (as on 31 December 2023)
Operator

(Estd.)

BrandsTotal Subscribers (million)Active Subscribers (million)TechnologiesOwnershipNotes
Airtel India (1995)Airtel (stylised as 'airtel')381.73 [3] 377.54 [3] 5G, 4G, 2G [9] [10] Bharti Enterprises (66.57)

Telenor (32.15)

Google (1.28%)

The 'airtel' brand is operated by Bharti Hexacom Limited in Rajasthan and North-East India. Bharti Airtel owns 70% of Bharti Hexacom, while TCIL (Government of India) owns the remaining 30%. [11]

Subscriber count and active users include Bharti Hexacom.

BSNL (2000)CellOne [12]

BSNL Mobile

91.96 [3] 48.64 [3] 4G(limited testing), [13] 3G, 2G [14] Government of India (100%)BSNL does not directly operate in Delhi and Mumbai. [15]
MTNL (1986)Dolphin [16]

MTNL Delhi [17] Trump, MTNL Mumbai [18]

1.94 [3] 0.50 [3] 3G, 2G [19] Government of India (100%)MTNL only operates in Delhi and Mumbai. [20] MTNL is in the process of being merged with BSNL. The merger is expected to be completed by 2025. [21] Since January 2021, the operations of MTNL's networks have been outsourced to BSNL. [22]
Reliance Jio (2016)Jio459.81 [3] 424.51 [3] 5G, 4G [23] Jio Platforms Limited (100%)Not to be confused with Reliance Communications.
Vodafone Idea Limited (2018)Vi (stylised as 'V!')223.05 [3] 196.68 [3] 4G, 2G [24] Government of India (32.09%)
Vodafone India (31.27%)
Idea Cellular (17.49%)
Private Equity (15.97%)

American Tower Corporation (3.18%)

In February 2023, the Government of India converted ₹16,133 crore (~US$1.9 billion) debt owed to it by the operator into equity, after the company opted for the option given to it under a 'telecom reforms package'. [25]

Defunct operators

As of 31 December 2022, 16 mobile operators have ceased operations in India. The longest operating defunct operator is Aircel, while the oldest is Modi-Telstra [26] - which was also the first mobile operator in the country. [27] Most recently, Reliance Communications ceased operations citing bankruptcy. [28]

List of notable mobile operators that provided services in the country (as on 31 December 2022)
OperatorStarted operationsCeased operationsFate
Modi-Telstra [26] 1990Merged into Axiata Spice Communications [29]
Escotel 1996Merged into Idea Cellular [30]
Hutch Essar 1999Acquired by Vodafone to form Vodafone India
Axiata Spice Communications 1992Merged into Idea Cellular [31]
S Tel 2012Licence cancelled by the Supreme Court of India
Etisalat 2010 [32] 2012Licence cancelled by the Supreme Court of India [33]
BPL Mobile (Loop Mobile)19952014Ceased operations after expiration of licence [34]
Virgin Mobile India / T24 Mobile 2009 [35] 2015Merged into Tata Docomo [36]
Singtel India 20092017Acquired by Reliance Communications
Videocon Telecom 2010 [37] 2016Shut down following sale of spectrum to Bharti Airtel [38] [39]
MTS India 20092017Acquired by Reliance Communications [40]
Aircel 19992018Bankrupt [41]
Telenor India 20062018Acquired by Bharti Airtel [42]
Idea Cellular 20022018Merged with Vodafone India to form Vi [43] [44]
Vodafone India 20112018Merged with Idea Cellular to form Vi [43] [44]
Tata Docomo 20092019Acquired by Bharti Airtel [45]
Reliance Communications 20042019Bankrupt [28]

Wireline operators

Fixed-line operators

As of 31 December 2023, there are 31.84 million wireline subscribers in India according to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). [46]

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Market share of fixed-line telecom operators in India as of 30 June 2023 according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India [4]

   Jio (34.70%)
   Airtel (26.11%)
   BSNL (19.28%)
   Tata Teleservices (7.03%)
   MTNL (6.95%)
   Vi (2.17%)
  Quadrant (1.18%)
   RCom (0.46%)
  V-CON (0.04%)
OperatorSubscribers [1] (lakh)Ownership
Jio 91.2 Jio Platforms
Airtel 71.5 Bharti Airtel
BSNL 71.1 Government of India
MTNL 23.1 Government of India
Tata Teleservices 15.4 Tata Group
Vi 7.0 Vodafone Idea Limited
Quadrant3.4
Reliance Communications 1.5 Reliance ADAG

Internet service providers (ISPs)

Internet service providers (ISPs) offering broadband (wired + wireless) services. The total number of broadband subscribers stood at 904.54 million as of 31 December 2023. [47] [46] Total Wireless broadband subscribers stood at 866.19 million and Wireline broadband subscribers stood at 38.35 million. [4] The top 5 services constituted 98.35% market share of the total broadband subscribers according to TRAI. [46] These service providers were:

Market share of broadband (wired + wireless) services in India as of 31 December 2023 according to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) [4]

   Jio (51.98%)
   Airtel (29.27%)
   Vi (14.07%)
   BSNL (2.78%)
   ACT (0.25%)
  Others (1.65%)
OperatorSubscribers [46] (million)Ownership
Jio 470.19 Jio Platforms
Airtel 264.76 Bharti Airtel
Vi 127.29 Vodafone Idea Limited
BSNL 25.12 Government of India
ACT 2.23 Atria Convergence

The following table shows the top 5 wired broadband service providers in India by total subscriber base as of 31 December 2023.

ProviderSubscribers [46] (million)Ownership
Jio 10.38 Jio Platforms
Airtel 7.39 Bharti Airtel
BSNL 3.83 Government of India
ACT 2.23 Atria Convergence
OneOTT Intertainment1.21 Hinduja Group

The following table shows the top 5 wireless broadband service providers in India by total subscriber base as of 31 December 2023.

ProviderSubscribers [46] (million)Ownership
Jio 459.81 Jio Platforms
Airtel 257.37 Bharti Airtel
Vi [Note2 1] [48] [49] 127.28 [Note2 1] Vodafone Idea Limited
BSNL [Note1 1] [50] 21.28 [Note2 2] [50] Government of India
Intech Online0.24

Notes

  • Broadband: Internet access with a minimum capacity of greater or equal 2 Mbit/s in download and not in both directions.
  • Narrowband: Internet access with a capacity of less than 2 Mbit/s one or both directions.

Other notable ISPs

ProviderOwnership
APSFL Government of Andhra Pradesh
Asianet Broadband Rajan Raheja Group
DEN Networks Reliance Industries
Hathway Reliance Industries
RailTel Government of India
Sify Sify Group
Tata Communications Tata Group
Tata Play Tata Group (70%)
The Walt Disney Company India (30%)

For enterprise/wholesale only

ProviderOwnership
CtrlS Datacenters LtdCtrlS Labs Limited
ERNET Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
GAILTEL Government of India
National Knowledge Network
(for educational institutions only)		 Government of India
PowerGrid Government of India
Tulip Telecom Tulip Enterprises

Telecom R&D firms

NameHeadquartersType
Beetel Gurgaon Private
C-DOT New Delhi State-owned enterprise
HFCL New Delhi Private
Sasken Technologies Bangalore Private
Sterlite Technologies Pune Private
Tejas Networks Bangalore Private
United Telecoms Limited Bangalore State-owned enterprise

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ BSNL and MTNL merger approved by Government of India.
  1. 1 2 After adding subscribers of You Broadband Because it is subsidiary of Vi.
  2. ↑ After adding subscribers of MTNL to BSNL, because MTNL will merge with BSNL.

Related Research Articles

India's telecommunication network is the second largest in the world by number of telephone users with over 1.1 billion subscribers as of December 2023. It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world enabled by mega telecom operators and hyper-competition among them. India has the world's second-largest Internet user-base with over 904 million broadband internet subscribers as of December 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</span> Indian telecommunications regulator

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is a regulatory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997. It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India. It consists of a chairperson and not more than two full-time members and not more than two part-time members. The TRAI Act was amended by an ordinance, effective from 24 January 2000, establishing a Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal to take over the adjudicatory and disputes functions from TRAI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</span> Indian central public sector undertaking

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is a central public sector undertaking headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is under the ownership of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India. It was incorporated on 1 October 2000 by the Government of India. Its top official is designated as Chairman and Managing Director who is a central government civil servant of the Indian Communication Finance Service cadre or a central government engineer of the Indian Telecommunications Service cadre. It provides mobile voice and internet services through its nationwide telecommunications network across India. It is the largest government-owned-wireless telecommunications service provider in India. In 2022, BSNL reported a loss of Rs 57,671 crore since inception.In the financial year 2022-23 it incurred a loss of Rs 6,662 crore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited</span> Indian telecommunication company

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) (d/b/a MTNL) is a 'Navratna' Category Public sector undertakings in India which is in turn under the ownership of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India. Headquartered in New Delhi, India. MTNL Provides services in the metro cities of Mumbai and New Delhi in India and in the island nation of Mauritius in Africa. It had a monopoly in Mumbai and New Delhi until 1992, when the telecom sector was opened to other service providers. "एमटीएनएल है, तो सही है" {"MTNL hai to sahi hai"} (Meaning: If MTNL is there, then everything is fine) & "Transparency makes us different" is its motto. The Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited currently holds 100% of its stock. . As of June 2021, it has 3.28 million subscribers. It is also a wholly owned subsidiary of a central public sector unit.

In India, mobile numbers on GSM, WCDMA, LTE and NR networks start with either 9, 8, 7 or 6. Each telecom circle is allowed to have multiple private operators; earlier it was two private + BSNL/MTNL, subsequently it changed to three private + BSNL/MTNL in GSM; now each telecom circle has all four operators including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone idea ltd and BSNL/MTNL.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Public call office</span>

A public call office (PCO) is a payphone facility located in a public place in India and Pakistan. It is also another name in the United Kingdom for a public telephone box.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharti Airtel</span> Indian multinational telecommunications company

Bharti Airtel Limited, commonly known as Airtel, is an Indian multinational telecommunications services company based in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, as well as the Channel Islands. Currently, Airtel provides 5G, 4G and LTE Advanced services throughout India. Currently offered services include fixed-line broadband, and voice services depending upon the country of operation. Airtel had also rolled out its Voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology across all Indian telecom circles. It is the second largest mobile network operator in India and the second largest mobile network operator in the world. Airtel was named India's 2nd most valuable brand in the first ever Brandz ranking by Millward Brown and WPP plc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet in India</span> Overview of the internet in India

Internet in India began in 1986 and was initially available only to the educational and research community. General public access to the internet in India began on 15 August 1995. American multinational digital communications technology conglomerate Cisco estimated that India will have more than 900 million Internet users by 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Videocon Telecom</span>

Videocon Telecommunications Limited, formerly Videocon Mobile Services, was an Indian cellular service provider that offered GSM mobile services in India under the brand name Videocon. The company was a subsidiary of the Videocon Group, and was headquartered at Gurgaon, Haryana. Videocon launched its services on 7 April 2010 in Mumbai. At its peak, Videocon held licences to provide mobile services in 18 out of 22 telecom circles of India. However, Videocon launched commercial services only in 11 out of the 18 circles it held licences in. Following the 2G spectrum case, the Supreme Court cancelled 122 licences issued by the Indian Government in 2008, including 21 licences belonging to Videocon.

In India, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) conducts auctions of licenses for electromagnetic spectrum. India was among the early adopters of spectrum auctions beginning auctions in 1994.

Direct-to-Home (DTH) television is a method of receiving satellite television by means of signals transmitted from direct-broadcast satellites. The Government of India (GoI) permitted the reception and distribution of satellite television signals in November 2000. The first DTH service in the country was launched by Dish TV on 2 October 2003. DD Free Dish, the first free DTH service in India, was launched by public broadcaster Prasar Bharati in December 2004.

Mechanisms for establishing rules ensuring Net neutrality in India, are at present mainly enforced by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). At present, there are no specific legislation regarding Net Neutrality in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airtel India</span> Indian telecommunications company

Airtel India commonly known as Airtel, is the second largest provider of mobile telephony and third largest provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. The brand is operated by several subsidiaries of Bharti Airtel, with Bharti Hexacom and Bharti Telemedia providing broadband fixed line services and Bharti Infratel providing telecom passive infrastructure service such as telecom equipment and telecom towers. Currently, Airtel provides 5G, 4G and 4G+ services all over India. Currently offered services include fixed-line broadband, and voice services depending upon the country of operation. Airtel had also rolled out its VoLTE technology across all Indian telecom circles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vodafone Idea</span> Indian telecommunications company

Vodafone Idea or Vi is an Indian mobile network operator with its headquarters based in Mumbai and Gandhinagar. It is an all-India integrated GSM operator offering 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE Advanced, VoLTE, and VoWiFi service. As of 31 September 2023, Vi has a subscriber base of 219.8 million, making it third largest mobile telecommunications network in India and 11th largest mobile telecommunications network in the world. 'Vodafone Idea Limited' was created on 31 August 2018 by the merger of Vodafone India and Idea Cellular. In 2020, the two separate brands Vodafone and Idea rebranded as Vi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jio</span> Indian telecommunications company

Jio is an Indian telecommunications company and a subsidiary of Jio Platforms, headquartered in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra. It operates a national LTE network with coverage across all 22 telecom circles. Jio offers 4G and 4G+ services all over India and 5G service in many cities. Its 6G service is in the works.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Idea Cellular</span> Former Indian telecommunications company

Idea Cellular (commonly referred to as Idea was an Indian mobile network operator based at Mumbai, Maharashtra. Idea was a pan-India integrated GSM operator and had 220.00 million subscribers as of June 2018. Idea Cellular merged with Vodafone and is now known as Vodafone Idea or Vi.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicator Report July - September, 2023" (PDF). trai.com.
  2. ↑ "Dish TV India, Videocon d2h merger completed". The Economic Times. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 31st December, 2023" (PDF). TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 December 2023" (PDF). Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.
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  12. ↑ "PIB Press Releases". archive.pib.gov.in. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  13. ↑ "BSNL Launches 4G beta services".
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  18. ↑ "ABOUT - MTNL MUMBAI".
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  43. 1 2 Parbat, Kalyan; Sengupta, Devina (31 August 2018). "NCLT gives go-ahead to Idea-Vodafone merger". The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
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  45. ↑ "Airtel completes Tata merger". Business Line. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 9 September 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
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  47. ↑ "Service Provider List". Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  48. ↑ "About us". You Broadband Limited. 29 June 2019.
  49. ↑ "Home Broadband". Digital Network Associates Pvt. Ltd. 26 November 2021.
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