List of works by Akira Kurosawa

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The following is a list of works, both in film and other media, for which the Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa made some documented creative contribution. This includes a complete list of films with which he was involved (including the films on which he worked as assistant director before becoming a full director), as well as his little-known contributions to theater, television and literature.

Contents

Filmography

As director

All the following are Japanese productions unless otherwise specified.

YearEnglish titleJapanese titleRomanized title
1943 Sanshiro Sugata [lower-alpha 1] 姿三四郎Sugata Sanshirō
1944 The Most Beautiful 一番美しくIchiban utsukushiku
1945 Sanshiro Sugata Part II [lower-alpha 2] 續姿三四郎Zoku Sugata Sanshirō
The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail 虎の尾を踏む男達Tora no o wo fumu otokotachi
1946 Those Who Make Tomorrow [lower-alpha 3] 明日を創る人々Asu o tsukuru hitobito
No Regrets for Our Youth わが青春に悔なしWaga seishun ni kuinashi
1947 One Wonderful Sunday 素晴らしき日曜日Subarashiki nichiyōbi
1948 Drunken Angel 酔いどれ天使Yoidore tenshi
1949 The Quiet Duel 静かなる決闘Shizukanaru kettō
Stray Dog 野良犬Nora inu
1950 Scandal 醜聞Sukyandaru (Shūbun)
Rashomon 羅生門Rashōmon
1951 The Idiot 白痴Hakuchi
1952 Ikiru 生きる [lower-alpha 4] Ikiru
1954 Seven Samurai 七人の侍Shichinin no samurai
1955 I Live in Fear 生きものの記録 [lower-alpha 5] Ikimono no kiroku
1957 Throne of Blood 蜘蛛巣城 [lower-alpha 6] Kumonosu-jō
The Lower Depths どん底Donzoko
1958 The Hidden Fortress 隠し砦の三悪人Kakushi toride no san akunin
1960 The Bad Sleep Well 悪い奴ほどよく眠る [lower-alpha 7] Warui yatsu hodo yoku nemuru
1961 Yojimbo 用心棒 [lower-alpha 8] Yōjinbō
1962 Sanjurō 椿三十郎Tsubaki Sanjūrō
1963 High and Low 天国と地獄 [lower-alpha 9] Tengoku to jigoku
1965 Red Beard 赤ひげAkahige
1970 Dodes'ka-den どですかでん [lower-alpha 10] Dodesukaden
1975 Dersu Uzala [lower-alpha 11] デルス・ウザーラDerusu Uzāra
1980 Kagemusha 影武者 [lower-alpha 12] Kagemusha
1985 Ran [lower-alpha 13] [lower-alpha 14] Ran
1990 Dreams [lower-alpha 15] Yume
1991 Rhapsody in August 八月の狂詩曲Hachigatsu no rapusodī (Hachigatsu no kyōshikyoku)
1993 Madadayo まあだだよ [lower-alpha 16] Mādadayo
  1. Alternatively known as Judo Saga.
  2. Alternatively known as Judo Saga 2.
  3. Co-directed with Hideo Sekigawa and Kajirō Yamamoto.
  4. Translated literally as To Live.
  5. Translated literally as Record of a Living Being.
  6. Translated literally as Spider Web Castle.
  7. Translated literally as The Worse a Person is, the Better They Sleep.
  8. Translated literally as Bodyguard.
  9. Translated literally as Heaven and Hell.
  10. Japanese onomatopoeia for "clickety-clack".
  11. Russian–Japanese co-production between Daiei Film and Mosfilm, with dialogue in the Russian language, the only Kurosawa-directed film in a language other than Japanese.
  12. Translated literally as Shadow Warrior.
  13. French–Japanese co-production.
  14. Translated literally as Chaos.
  15. Also known as Akira Kurosawa's Dreams.
  16. Translated literally as Not Yet.

A documentary film about the Noh theater, Gendai no No (Modern Noh), which was begun by the director during a break in the shooting of Ran, but was abandoned after about fifty minutes were filmed, is being completed according to Kurosawa's script and notes. [1] [2] [ needs update ]

As producer

Note: Data for the remainder of this filmography is derived primarily from the complete filmography created by Kurosawa's biographer, Stuart Galbraith IV, [3] supplemented by IMDb's Kurosawa page. [4]

For the following films that Kurosawa directed, he also received a production credit:

In addition, Kurosawa received a production credit on one film that he himself did not direct: Haru no tawamure (1949) (Spring Flirtation), written and directed by Kajiro Yamamoto, on which he served as an associate producer.

As screenwriter

Kurosawa wrote or co-wrote the screenplays for all the films he himself directed. However, to supplement his income, he also wrote scripts for other Japanese directors throughout the 1940s, and even through the 1950s and part of the 1960s, long after he had become world-famous. He also worked on the scripts for two Hollywood productions he was slated to direct, but which, for complex reasons, were completed by and credited to other directors (although he did shoot some scenes for Tora tora tora!, the footage from which has apparently not survived). Finally, near the end of his life, he completed scripts he intended to direct but did not live to make, which were then filmed by others. A table of all these screenplays is given below; all titles are Japanese productions unless otherwise noted.

  Indicates principal works directed by Kurosawa.
YearEnglish titleJapanese titleRomanized titleDirectorNotesRef.
1941 Horse Uma Kajirō Yamamoto Uncredited, but written alongside his mentor Kajirō Yamamoto. [5] :22 [6] :46
1942Wind Currents of Youth青春の気流Seishun no kiryuShu FushimizuBased on "Construction of Love" and "The Life Plan" by Jun Minamikawa. [6] :50
The Triumphant Song of the Wings 翼の凱歌Tsubasa no gaika Satsuo Yamamoto Credited alongside Bonhei Sotoyama. [6] :52
1943 Sanshiro Sugata 姿三四郎Sugata Sanshirō Akira Kurosawa Based on the novel Sugata Sanshirō [6] :54 by judoka Tsuneo Tomita. [7] :246
1944Wrestling-ring Festival土俵祭DohyōmatsuriSantaro Marune [8] :119
The Most Beautiful 一番美しくIchiban utsukushikuAkira Kurosawa [7] :246
1945Bravo! Tasuke Isshin天晴れ一心太助Appare Isshin TasukeKiyoshi Saeki [6] :58
Sanshiro Sugata Part II 續姿三四郎Zoku Sugata SanshirōAkira KurosawaBased on the novel Sugata Sanshirō [6] :59 by judoka Tsuneo Tomita. [7] :246
The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail 虎の尾を踏む男達Tora no o wo fumu otokotachiAkira KurosawaBased on the kabuki play Kanjinchō . [7] :247
1946 No Regrets for Our Youth わが青春に悔なしWaga seishun ni kuinashiAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Eijiro Hisaita. Keiji Matsuzaki has an uncredited writer role. [6] :61 [7] :247
1947Four Love Stories
"First Love"
四つの恋の物語
第一話 初恋
Yotsu no koi no monogatari
(Dai ichi: Hatsukoi)
Shiro Toyoda Omnibus film. Credited for first of four sections. [8] :120
One Wonderful Sunday 素晴らしき日曜日Subarashiki nichiyōbiAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Keinosuke Uegusa. [7] :248
Snow Trail 銀嶺の果てGinrei no hate Senkichi Taniguchi Received main credit. [9] Senkichi Taniguchi has an uncredited writer role. [6] :64
1948The Portrait肖像Shōzō Keisuke Kinoshita [8] :120
Drunken Angel 酔いどれ天使Yoidore tenshiAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Keinosuke Uegusa. [7] :248
1949 Lady from Hell 地獄の貴婦人Jigoku no kifujin Motoyoshi Oda Credited alongside Motosada Nishikame. [6] :70
The Quiet Duel 静かなる決闘Shizukanaru kettōAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Senkichi Taniguchi. Based on a play by Kazuo Kikuta. [7] :248
Jakoman and Tetsuジャコ萬と鉄Jakoman to TetsuSenkichi TaniguchiCredited alongside Senkichi Taniguchi. Based on "Herring Fishery" by Keizo Kajino. [6] :72
Stray Dog 野良犬Nora inuAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Ryūzō Kikushima. [7] :249
1950 Escape at Dawn 暁の脱走Akatsuki no dassōSenkichi TaniguchiCredited alongside Senkichi Taniguchi. Based on a story by Yasujiro Tamura. [6] :77
Scandal 醜聞Sukyandaru (Shūbun)Akira KurosawaCredited alongside Ryūzō Kikushima. [7] :249
Tetsu of Jilbaジルバの鉄Jiruba no Tetsu Isamu Kosugi [8] :120
Rashomon 羅生門RashomonAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Shinobu Hashimoto. Based on the short stories "In a Grove" and "Rashōmon" by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa. [10] :332 [7] :249
Fencing Master殺陣師段平Tateshi danpei Masahiro Makino [8] :120
1951Beyond Love and Hate愛と憎しみの彼方へAi to nikushimi no kanata eSenkichi TaniguchiCredited alongside Senkichi Taniguchi. [11] [8] :120
The Idiot 白痴HakuchiAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Eijiro Hisaita. Based on The Idiot by Fyodor Dostoevsky. [7] :250
The Den of Beasts獣の宿Kedamono no yadoTatsuo Osone [8] :120
1952 Vendetta for a Samurai 荒木又右衛門 決闘鍵屋の辻Araki Mataemon: Kettô kagiya no tsuji Kazuo Mori [8] :121
Sword for Hire 戦国無頼Sengoku burai Hiroshi Inagaki Credited alongside Hiroshi Inagaki. Based on a novel by Yasushi Inoue, serialized in Sunday Mainichi. [6] :86
Ikiru 生きるIkiruAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Shinobu Hashimoto and Hideo Ogumi. [7] :250
1953Blow! Spring Wind吹けよ春風Fukeyo harukazeSenkichi TaniguchiCredited alongside Senkichi Taniguchi. [6] :90
1954 Seven Samurai 七人の侍Shichinin no samuraiAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Shinobu Hashimoto and Hideo Ogumi. [7] :251
1955Vanished Enlisted Man消えた中隊Kieta chūtaiAkira MinuraCredited alongside Ryūzō Kikushima. [12]
I Live in Fear 生きものの記録Ikimono no kirokuAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Shinobu Hashimoto and Hideo Ogumi. [7] :251
Hiba Arborvitae Storyあすなろ物語Asunaro monogatariHiromichi Horikawa [13]
Sanshiro Sugata 姿三四郎Sugata SanshirōShigeo TanakaFirst remake of Sanshiro Sugata (1943) based on Kurosawa's script. [7] :261
1957 Throne of Blood 蜘蛛巣城Kumonosu-jōAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Shinobu Hashimoto, Ryūzō Kikushima and Hideo Ogumi. Loosely based on Macbeth by William Shakespeare. [7] :252
The Lower Depths どん底DonzokoAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Oguni. Based on The Lower Depths by Maxim Gorky. [7] :252
Three Hundred Miles through Enemy Lines敵中横断三百里Tekichū ōdan sanbyaku riIssei MoriCredited alongside Hideo Oguni. [14] [8] :121
1958 The Hidden Fortress 隠し砦の三悪人Kakushi toride no san akuninAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Ryūzō Kikushima, Hideo Oguni, and Shinobu Hashimoto. [7] :253
1959Saga of the Vagabonds戦国群盗伝Sengoku guntōden Toshio Sugie Credited alongside Sadao Yamanaka. Based on a story by Juro Miyoshi. [6] :159
1960 The Bad Sleep Well 悪い奴ほどよく眠るWarui yatsu hodo yoku nemuruAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Oguni, Eijiro Hisata, Ryūzō Kikushima, and Shinobu Hashimoto. [7] :254
1961 Yojimbo 用心棒YōjinbōAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Oguni and Ryūzō Kikushima. [10] :448
1962 Sanjurō 椿三十郎Tsubaki SanjurōAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Oguni and Ryūzō Kikushima. Based on a novel by Shūgorō Yamamoto. [7] :255
Fencing Master殺陣師段平Tateshi danpeiHarumi MizuhoA remake of Fencing Master (1950), which was written by Kurosawa. [15]
1963 High and Low 天国と地獄Tengoku to jigokuAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Oguni and Ryūzō Kikushima. Based on the novel King's Ransom by Ed McBain. [7] :255
1964 Jakoman and Tetsu ジャコ萬と鉄Jakoman to Tetsu Kinji Fukasaku A remake of Jakoman and Tetsu (1949), which was written by Kurosawa and Senkichi Taniguchi. Originally based on "Herring Fishery" by Keizo Kajino. [7] :261
1965 Red Beard 赤ひげAkahigeAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Ryūzō Kikushima, Hideo Oguni, and Masato Ide. Based on the novel Akahige Shinryōtan  [ ja ] by Shūgorō Yamamoto. [10] :333 [7] :256
Sanshiro Sugata 姿三四郎Sugata SanshirōSeiichirō UchikawaSecond remake of Sanshiro Sugata (1943) based on Kurosawa's script. Kurosawa served as editor. [7] :261
1970 Tora! Tora! Tora! トラ・トラ・トラ!Tora! Tora! Tora! Richard Fleischer, Toshio Masuda, Kinji Fukasaku, Akira Kurosawa (portions removed)Credit received by Larry Forrester, Hideo Oguni, Ryūzō Kikushima; Kurosawa's credit for directing and writing was removed after his firing in December 1969. Based on the books Tora! Tora! Tora by Gordon W. Prange and The Broken Seal by Ladislas Farago. [10] :261–2
Dodes'ka-den どですかでんDodesukadenAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Hideo Ogumi and Shinobu Hashimoto. Based on the novel The Town Without Seasons by Shūgorō Yamamoto. [10] :152 [7] :257
1975 Dersu Uzala デルス·ウザーラDerusu UzāraAkira KurosawaJapanese-Soviet co-production. Credited alongside Yuri Nagibin. Based on the novel Dersu Uzala by Vladimir Arsenyev. [7] :257
1980 Kagemusha 影武者KagemushaAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Masato Ide. [7] :258
1985 Ran RanAkira KurosawaFrench-Japanese co-production. Credited alongside Hideo Oguni and Masato Ide. Loosely based on the play King Lear by William Shakespeare. [10] :330 [7] :259
Runaway Train Andrei Konchalovsky American production. Originally set to be directed by Kurosawa. Contributions by Ryūzō Kikushima and Hideo Oguni are uncredited. [7] :261
1990 Dreams YumeAkira KurosawaSole writer. [7] :259
1991 Rhapsody in August 八月の狂詩曲Hachigatsu no rapusodīAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Ishirō Honda. Based on the novel Nabe no naka by Kiyoko Murata. [10] :336
1993 Madadayo まあだだよMādadayoAkira KurosawaCredited alongside Ishirō Honda. Based on works by Hyakken Uchida. [10] :336
2000 After the Rain 雨あがるAme agaru Takashi Koizumi Posthumous script and final screenplay by Kurosawa. Based on a short story by Shūgorō Yamamoto. [6] :413
Dora-heita どら平太Doraheita Kon Ichikawa Credited alongside Kon Ichikawa, Keisuke Kinoshita, and Masaki Kobayashi. Based on the novel Diary of a Town Magistrate by Shuguro Yamamoto. [6] :415
2002 The Sea Is Watching 海は見ていたUmi wa miteta Kei Kumai Sole writer. Posthumous credit. [16]

In addition, Kurosawa wrote the following unproduced scripts, composed during the pre-war period in the 1930s and also the wartime period in the 1940s, either when he was still an assistant director or had just graduated to full director. Some of these won prizes in screenwriting contests, establishing his reputation as a promising talent even though they were never filmed. [17]

As assistant director

YearRomanization of Japanese TitleEnglish TitleDirectorKurosawa's Credit
1936
Shojo HanazonoParadise of the Virgin FlowersShigeo YaguraThird Assistant Director
Enoken no senman chōjaEnoken's Ten Million (The Millionaire
or Enoken the Millionaire)
Kajirō Yamamoto Third Assistant Director
Zoku Enoken no senman chōjaEnoken's Ten Million SequelKajirō YamamotoThird Assistant Director
Tōkyō rapusodiTokyo RhapsodyShū FushimizuThird Assistant Director
1937
Sengoku guntō-den Dai ichibu Tora-ōkami
(Sengoku guntō-den Zenpen Tora-ōkami)
Saga of the Vagabonds Part One: Tiger-wolf Eisuke Takizawa Third Assistant Director
Sengoku guntō-den Dai nibu Akatsuki no zenhin
(Sengoku guntō-den Kōhen Akatsuki no zenhin)
Saga of the Vagabonds 
Part Two: Forward at Dawn
Eisuke TakizawaThird Assistant Director
Otto no teisō – Haru kureba
(Otto no teisō Zenpen Haru kureba)
A Husband's Chastity – If Spring ComesKajirō YamamotoThird Assistant Director
Otto no teisō – Aki futatabi
(Otto no teisō Kōhen Aki futatabi)
A Husband's Chastity – Fall AgainKajirō YamamotoThird Assistant Director
Nihon josei dokuhonJapanese Women's TextbookKajirō Yamamoto
(Volume I only)
Third Assistant Director
(Volume I only)
NadareAvalanche Mikio Naruse Assistant Director
Enoken no chakkiri Kinta Zenpen
Mamayo sandogasa: Ikiha yoiyoi
Enoken's Chikiri Kinta Part 1 
Momma, the Hat: The Nice Way
Kajirō YamamotoThird Assistant Director
Enoken no chakkiri Kinta Kōhen
kaeri wa Kowai mateba hiyori
Enoken's Chikiri Kinta Part 2 – Returning Is
Scary, but the Weather Will Clear If You Wait
Kajirō YamamotoThird Assistant Director
Utsukushiki takaThe Beautiful HawkKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
1938
ChinetsuSubterranean HeatEisuke TakizawaChief Assistant Director
Tōjūrō no koiTojuro's LoveKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Tsuzurikata kyōshitsuComposition ClassKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Enoken no bikkuri jinseiEnoken's Surprising LifeKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
1939
Enoken no gatchiri jidaiEnoken's Shrewd PeriodKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Chūshingura KōhenChushingura Part 2Kajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Nonki YokochōEasy AlleyKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
1940
Roppa no shinkon ryokōRoppa's HoneymoonKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Enoken no zangiri KintaEnoken's Cropped KintaKajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Songokū ZenpenSongoku Part 1Kajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
Songokū KōhenSongoku Part 2Kajirō YamamotoChief Assistant Director
1941
UmaHorseKajirō YamamotoSecond Unit Director
(Also, editor,
co-screenwriter
and co-director (uncredited))

As editor

Kurosawa edited all his own films, though he only occasionally took screen credit for it. There are, however, a few instances in which he edited the work of others, as listed below.

Theater work

During the mid-to-late 1940s, for the first and apparently the only time in his career, Akira Kurosawa involved himself in a number of theater-related projects.

Television work

A documentary about horses called Song of the Horse (or Uma no Uta), directed by Kurosawa, was broadcast in Japan, supposedly on August 31, 1970 (Kurosawa otherwise totally avoided working in television). Very little is known about the film, and its release date is even in question. For instance, though the film is often said to have aired in August 1970, it is thought that the film features footage of events that did not take place until the summer of 1971. It was considered a lost film for decades and was not available on home video in any form. [2] [23] At some point in the 2010s, the film was rediscovered. It was remastered and released on DVD by the American independent company SamuraiDVD in 2017, complete with English subtitles. [24]

Books

Prior to writing the screenplay to his film, Stray Dog (Nora Inu, 1949), Kurosawa created, in about six weeks, a novel based on the same story (presumably also called Stray Dog), which he never published. It was written in the style of one of his favorite writers, the French crime author Georges Simenon. Writing it was supposed to help him compose the script as quickly as possible, but he found that writing the screenplay took even longer than usual because of the complex differences between literature and film. [25] [26]

In 1980, inspired by the memoir of one of his heroes, Jean Renoir, he began to publish in serial form his autobiography, entitled Gama no abura (An Oily Toad). The book deals with the period from the director's birth to his winning the Golden Lion for Rashomon from the Venice Film Festival in 1951; the period from 1951 through 1980 is not covered. The title of the book is a reference to a legend according to which, if one places a deformed toad in a box full of mirrors, it will become so afraid of its own reflection that it will begin to sweat, and this sweat allegedly had medicinal properties. Kurosawa compared himself to the toad, nervous about having to contemplate, through the process of writing his life story, his own multiple "reflections." It was published as a book in Japan in 1981, and in English translation the following year under the title Something Like an Autobiography . The book's appearance coincided with the revival of interest in Kurosawa's work following the international release of Kagemusha. ( ISBN   0394509382) [27] [28]

In 1999, his book, Yume wa tensai de aru (A Dream Is a Genius) was published posthumously. It has not been translated into English, except for Chapter 3. This chapter consists of a selection of 100 of the director's favorite films, listed in chronological order, with detailed commentaries on each film, all given at the request of Kurosawa's daughter, Kazuko. (Since he deliberately limits himself to one film per director, however, the list emerges as more of a "favorite directors" list than a "greatest films" list.) This chapter, but not the remainder of the book, can be found in English on the Internet. ( ISBN   4163555706) [29]

Complete Drawings (with text in Japanese) was published by Shogakukan in 1999. ( ISBN   4096996114)

The screenplays of many of Kurosawa's films have been published in English. For further information, consult the Wikipedia articles relating to the individual films.

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High and Low is a 1963 Japanese police procedural crime film directed and edited by Akira Kurosawa and written by Kurosawa, Hideo Oguni, Eijiro Hisaita, and Ryûzô Kikushima. The film is loosely based on the 1959 novel King's Ransom by Ed McBain. It follows the story of a board member for a Japanese company who is forced to make a decision between using a vast amount of wealth to gain executive control and helping his employee by lending him the money to free his child from kidnappers.

<i>Kagemusha</i> 1980 film directed by Akira Kurosawa

Kagemusha is a 1980 epic jidaigeki film directed by Akira Kurosawa. It is set in the Sengoku period of Japanese history and tells the story of a lower-class criminal who is taught to impersonate the dying daimyō Takeda Shingen to dissuade opposing lords from attacking the newly vulnerable clan. Kagemusha is the Japanese term for a political decoy, literally meaning "shadow warrior". The film ends with the climactic 1575 Battle of Nagashino.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shinobu Hashimoto</span> Japanese screenwriter (1918–2018)

Shinobu Hashimoto was a Japanese screenwriter, film director and producer. A frequent collaborator of Akira Kurosawa, he wrote the scripts for such internationally acclaimed films as Rashomon and Seven Samurai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatsuya Nakadai</span> Japanese actor

Tatsuya Nakadai is a Japanese film actor.

<i>After the Rain</i> (film) 1999 Japanese-French film

After the Rain is a 1999 Japanese and French film. The story is based on the last script written by Akira Kurosawa and is directed by his former assistant director of 28 years, Takashi Koizumi. It was awarded a Japanese Academy Award in 1999. It was chosen as Best Film at the Japan Academy Prize ceremony.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stuart Galbraith IV</span> American film historian and critic

Stuart Eugene Galbraith IV is an American film historian, film critic, essayist, and audio commentator.

<i>Warring Clans</i> 1963 Japanese film

Warring Clans is a 1963 Japanese samurai film directed by Kihachi Okamoto with a screenplay by Okamoto, Takeshi Sano and Shinichi Sekizawa. The film is about a disenchanted samurai who resorts to smuggling weapons for a rival army.

<i>Something Like an Autobiography</i>

Something Like an Autobiography is the memoir of Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa. It was published by Iwanami Shoten in 1981, and translated into English by Audie E. Bock the following year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filmmaking technique of Akira Kurosawa</span>

The legacy of filmmaking technique left by Akira Kurosawa (1910–1998) for subsequent generations of filmmakers has been diverse and of international influence beyond his native Japan. The legacy of influence has ranged from working methods, influence on style, and selection and adaptation of themes in cinema. Kurosawa's working method was oriented toward extensive involvement with numerous aspects of film production. He was also an effective screenwriter who would work in close contact with his writers very early in the production cycle to ensure high quality in the scripts which would be used for his films.

<i>Lady from Hell</i> 1949 film directed by Motoyoshi Oda

Lady from Hell is a 1949 Japanese action drama film directed by Motoyoshi Oda and co-written by Akira Kurosawa, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. The film has been called a "protest movie" which "portrayed a cornucopia of corruption and indicted every known example of postwar exploitation: black-marketeering, crooked politicians, blackmailing journalists, and a decaying aristocracy." Lady of Hell is regarded as one of Oda's most celebrated films.

References

Notes
    References
    1. Gray, Jason (2008-03-03). "Unfinished Kurosawa Film to be Unveiled in 2010" . Retrieved 2010-08-24.
    2. 1 2 Manula, Vili. "Other Films with Akira Kurosawa's Involvement". Akira Kurosawa info. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
    3. Galbraith , pp. 651–751
    4. Akira Kurosawa at IMDb
    5. Conrad, David A. (2022). Akira Kurosawa and Modern Japan. McFarland & Company. ISBN   978-1-4766-4637-4. OCLC   1313904540.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). The Toho Studios story: a history and complete filmography. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-1-4616-7374-3. OCLC   852899281.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Richie, Donald (1998). The films of Akira Kurosawa (3rd ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. ISBN   0-520-22037-4. OCLC   41038353.
    8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Erens, Patricia (1979). Gottesman, Ronald (ed.). Akira Kurosawa: a guide to references and resources. A Reference Publication in Film. Boston: G.K. Hall. ISBN   0-8161-7994-8. OCLC   4498268.
    9. Japanese Movie Database. "銀嶺の果て". Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
    10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Galbraith IV, Stuart (1996). The Japanese filmography: a complete reference to 209 filmmakers and the over 1250 films released in the United States, 1900 through 1994. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. ISBN   0786400323.
    11. Japanese Movie Database. "愛と憎しみの彼方へ". Japanese Movie Database.
    12. Japanese Movie Database. "ソ満国境2号作戦 消えた中隊". Japanese Movie Database.
    13. Japanese Movie Database. "生きものの記録". Japanese Movie Database.
    14. Japanese Movie Database. "日露戦争勝利の秘史 敵中横断三百里". Japanese Movie Database.
    15. Japanese Movie Database. "殺陣師段平". Japanese Movie Database.
    16. Mitchell, Elvis (2003-07-18). "FILM REVIEW; A Director's Wooziness Finds Kurosawa's Softer Side". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
    17. Galbraith , p. 30
    18. Kurosawa 1982 , p. 144
    19. Galbraith , p. 63
    20. Seven Samurai , DVD featurette: My Life in Cinema (Waga Eiga Jinsei): Interview of Akira Kurosawa by Nagisa Oshima
    21. 1 2 Galbraith , p. 98
    22. Drunken Angel , DVD featurette "It Is Wonderful to Create"
    23. Galbraith , pp. 486–487
    24. Maunula, Vili. "Review: Song of the Horse (Kurosawa 1971 / SamuraiDVD)". Akira Kurosawa info. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
    25. Kurosawa 1982 , pp. 172–173
    26. Galbraith , p. 109
    27. Kurosawa 1982 , p. vi
    28. Galbraith , p. 561
    29. Kurosawa 1999 , Chapter 3, found at: http://ww.criterionforum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=7192 ; translation: Noriyo Hoozawa-Arkenau
    Sources