| Lonchurus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lonchurus lanceolatus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Sciaenidae |
| Genus: | Lonchurus Bloch, 1793 |
| Type species | |
| Lonchurus barbatus Bloch, 1793 [1] | |
| Species | |
see text | |
Lonchurus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic.
Lonchurus was first proposed as a genus in 1793 by the German physician and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch when he described Lonchurus barbatus from Suriname. [1] [2] Subsequently L. barbatus was found to be a synonym of Bloch's 1788 species, Perca lanceolatus. [2] This genus has been placed in the subfamily Micropogoninae by some workers, [3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes. [4]
Lonchurus means "spear tail" and refers to the pointed, lance like tail of L. lanceolatus. [5]
Lonchurus contains the following species: [6]
Some authorities classify the blackfin croaker (L. elegans) in the genus Paralonchurus and treat Lonchurus as a monospecific genus. [2]
Lonchurus croakers have a elongate, slightly compressed body with a long head. They have small eyes and a cone-shape snout which protrudes past the horizontal mouth. There are between 1 and 15 pairs of mental barbels, as well as 4 or 5 pores, on the chin. The margin of the preoperculum is not serrated and there is a notch on the upper angle of the operculum. The dorsal fin is supported by 10 or 11 spines and between 31 and 39 rays. They have a very long, pointed pectoral fin and the caudal fin is pointed too. The anal fin is supported by a pair of weak spins and between 6 and 9 soft rays. [7] These fishes reach a maximum published total length of 32 cm (13 in). [6]
Lonchurus croakers are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean off the western coast of South America and in the Windward Islands. They are coastal and estuarine fishes found over sand, mud and mixed sand and mud bottoms. [8] [9]
Lonchurus croakers are caught as food fish. They are mainly taken as bycatch. The IUCN have too little information on the population, ecology, distribution and threats of L. elegans and classify it as Data Deficient. [10] They classify L. lanceloatus as being of Least Concern. [11]
Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes. They are commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family consists of about 293 to 298 species in about 66 or 67 genera.
The spotted drum or spotted ribbonfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
The striped croaker, also known as the St Lucian corvina, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.
Cynoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family, Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found off the coasts of North and South America in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Many fishes in this genus have been given the common name weakfish.
The jack-knifefish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is native to the western Atlantic Ocean, where its distribution extends along the eastern coasts of the Americas from the Carolinas in the United States to Brazil, including the Caribbean. Other common names include donkey fish and lance-shaped ribbonfish.
Nebris is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. There are two species in the genus, one in the Western Atlantic Ocean and one in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Otolithes ruber, commonly known as the tigertooth croaker, silver teraglin, wiretooth, snapper kob, snapper salmon, Yankee whiting or Yankee salmon is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
The blackbar drum is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the genus Pareques in the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Lonchurus elegans, the blackfin croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Western Atlantic, from Colombia to Brazil.
Odontoscion dentex, the reef croaker or brown large-eyed croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in coral and rocky reefs of the tropical Western Atlantic, living as solitary individuals or in small groups at a depth of 1 to 30 m. This species feeds on small fish, shrimp, and larvae.
Atractoscion atelodus, the small lunate caudal fin croaker, teraglin, Jew, teraglin-Jew, trag or trag-Jew, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is endemic to the eastern coast of Australia.
Cheilotrema is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Isopisthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans.
Johnius carutta, the karut croaker or purple jewfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Indian Ocean.
Larimus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.
The longtail croaker is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Macrodon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.
Micropogonias furnieri, the whitemouth croaker, golden croaker, hardhead, mangrove snapper, rocandoronco, two-belly bashaw, West Indian croaker, West Indian drum or whitemouth drummer, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Odontoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.
Paralonchurus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean with one species in the western Atlantic Ocean.
