Gripsholm in her original black-hulled livery | |
History | |
---|---|
Sweden | |
Name | Gripsholm |
Owner | Swedish American Line |
Builder | Armstrong Whitworth & Co. Ltd. [1] |
Yard number | 999 |
Launched | 26 November 1924 |
Completed | November 1925 |
Maiden voyage | 1925 |
In service | 1925–1954 |
Fate | Sold to Germany, 1954 |
History | |
West Germany | |
Name | Berlin |
Owner | North German Lloyd |
In service | 1954–1966 |
Fate | Scrapped in 1966 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Passenger liner |
Tonnage | 17,993 GRT |
Length | 573 ft (174.7 m) |
Beam | 74 ft (22.6 m) |
Installed power | Burmeister & Wain diesels |
Propulsion | Two shafts |
Speed | 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
Capacity | 127 first class 482 second class 948 third class |
Crew | 360 |
Notes | [2] |
MS Gripsholm was an ocean liner, built in 1924 by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, for the Swedish American Line for use in the Gothenburg-New York City run. She was of great historical importance as the first ship built for transatlantic express service as a diesel-powered motor vessel, rather than as a steamship.
From 1927 onwards, the Gripsholm made transatlantic passenger crossings and regular recreational cruises. Gripsholm was one of the first ships to call at the Canadian Pier 21 immigration terminal in Halifax, Nova Scotia and made 101 trips with immigrants to Pier 21. [3]
From 1942 to 1946, the United States Department of State chartered Gripsholm as an exchange and repatriation ship, carrying Japanese [4] and German nationals to exchange points where she then picked up US and Canadian citizens (and British married to Americans or Canadians) to bring home to the USA and Canada. She also made at least two voyages repatriating British and Commonwealth POW's in the spring of 1944 to Belfast and summer of the same year to Liverpool. In this service she sailed under the auspices of the International Red Cross, with a Swedish captain and crew. The ship made 12 round trips, carrying a total of 27,712 repatriates. Exchanges took place at neutral ports; at Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) in Mozambique or Mormugoa (now Goa) in Portuguese India with the Japanese, and Stockholm or Lisbon with the Germans.
After the war, Gripsholm was used to deport inmates of US prisons to Italy and Greece.
The Swedish American Line sold Gripsholm to Norddeutscher Lloyd in 1954, who renamed her MS Berlin. As MS Berlin, the ship resumed Canadian immigration voyages to Pier 21 in Halifax, making 33 immigrant voyages before the ship was retired. [5] An image of MS Berlin arriving at Pier 21 in 1957 [6] became the centre image of the newly redesigned Canadian epassport in 2012. [7]
The ship was sold for scrap in 1966.
USS Vesole (DD-878) was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy.
Bad Godesberg is a borough of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as branch offices or consulates.
Swedish American Line was a Swedish passenger shipping line. It was founded in December 1914 under the name Rederiaktiebolaget Sverige-Nordamerika and began ocean liner service from Gothenburg to New York in 1915. In 1925 the company changed its name to Svenska Amerika Linien / Swedish American Line.
Saburō Kurusu was a Japanese career diplomat. He is remembered now as an envoy who tried to negotiate peace and understanding with the United States while the Japanese government under Emperor Shōwa was secretly preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Tatsuta Maru (龍田丸), was a Japanese ocean liner owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK). The ship was built in 1927–1929 by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. at Nagasaki, Japan. The vessel was named after Tatsuta Jinja an important Shinto shrine in Nara Prefecture.
MS Sobieski was a Polish passenger ship launched in 1939. It was constructed for the South American service of the Gdynia-America Line – GAL to replace the aging SS Kościuszko and SS Pulaski. She was named in honour of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski. Sobieski was to be a sister ship to the MS Chrobry.
The Chichibu Maru (秩父丸) was a Japanese passenger ship which, renamed Kamakura Maru, was sunk during World War II, killing 2,035 soldiers and civilians on board.
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John Leonard Nordlander (1894–1961) was a Swedish sea captain and Commander commissioned by the shipping line Swedish American Line, crossing the Atlantic Ocean 532 times.
Major General Gregon Albert Williams was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who served in World War II and the Korean War. He commanded the 6th Marine Regiment during the Battle of Okinawa and later served as the chief of staff of 1st Marine Division.
SS Lourenço Marques was a steam cargo liner that was launched in Germany in 1905 as Admiral for Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie (DOAL). Portugal seized her in 1916 and renamed her after the explorer Lourenço Marques. After a few years operated by Transportes Marítimos do Estado, she had a long career with Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN). In the Second World War she took refugees who had fled German-occupied Europe to the United States, and rescued survivors from Allied merchant ships sunk by the German Navy. She was scrapped in Scotland in 1950 or 1951.
SS Nyassa was a steam ocean liner that was launched in Germany in 1906 as Bülow for Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL). In 1916 Portugal seized her, renamed her Trás-os-Montes, and placed her under the management of Transportes Marítimos do Estado (TME). In 1924 Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN) bought her and renamed her Nyassa. After a long career with CNN she was scrapped in England in 1951.
History