MS Gripsholm (1924)

Last updated
MS Gripsholm.jpg
Gripsholm in her original black-hulled livery
History
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
NameGripsholm
Owner Swedish American Line
BuilderArmstrong Whitworth & Co. Ltd. [1]
Yard number999
Launched26 November 1924
CompletedNovember 1925
Maiden voyage1925
In service1925–1954
FateSold to Germany, 1954
History
Flag of Germany.svg West Germany
NameBerlin
Owner North German Lloyd
In service1954–1966
FateScrapped in 1966
General characteristics
Type Passenger liner
Tonnage17,993  GRT
Length573 ft (174.7 m)
Beam74 ft (22.6 m)
Installed powerBurmeister & Wain diesels
PropulsionTwo shafts
Speed16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Capacity127 first class
482 second class
948 third class
Crew360
Notes [2]
Ship christening on November 26, 1924 GRIPSHOLMs stapelavlopning - Sjofartsmuseet Akvariet - smg42442.tif
Ship christening on November 26, 1924

MS Gripsholm was an ocean liner, built in 1924 by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, for the Swedish American Line for use in the Gothenburg-New York City run. She was of great historical importance as the first ship built for transatlantic express service as a diesel-powered motor vessel, rather than as a steamship.

Contents

Initial service

From 1927 onwards, the Gripsholm made transatlantic passenger crossings and regular recreational cruises. Gripsholm was one of the first ships to call at the Canadian Pier 21 immigration terminal in Halifax, Nova Scotia and made 101 trips with immigrants to Pier 21. [3]

Exchange and repatriation ship

Gripsholm unloading Red Cross supplies in Goa Gripsholm -red cross supplies.png
Gripsholm unloading Red Cross supplies in Goa

From 1942 to 1946, the United States Department of State chartered Gripsholm as an exchange and repatriation ship, carrying Japanese [4] and German nationals to exchange points where she then picked up US and Canadian citizens (and British married to Americans or Canadians) to bring home to the USA and Canada. She also made at least two voyages repatriating British and Commonwealth POW's in the spring of 1944 to Belfast and summer of the same year to Liverpool. In this service she sailed under the auspices of the International Red Cross, with a Swedish captain and crew. The ship made 12 round trips, carrying a total of 27,712 repatriates. Exchanges took place at neutral ports; at Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) in Mozambique or Mormugoa (now Goa) in Portuguese India with the Japanese, and Stockholm or Lisbon with the Germans.

After the war, Gripsholm was used to deport inmates of US prisons to Italy and Greece.

Image of a Polish passport used for repatriation from China to Africa in 1942. Image of a Polish passport used for repatriation from China to Africa in 1942.jpg
Image of a Polish passport used for repatriation from China to Africa in 1942.

Post-war service and renaming

NDL passenger ship Berlin starting from New York City in 1957 The German passenger ship Berlin runs from New York - 1957.jpg
NDL passenger ship Berlin starting from New York City in 1957
German postage stamp 1955 for issue in the year of renaming. DBPB 1955 127 MS Berlin.jpg
German postage stamp 1955 for issue in the year of renaming.

The Swedish American Line sold Gripsholm to Norddeutscher Lloyd in 1954, who renamed her MS Berlin. As MS Berlin, the ship resumed Canadian immigration voyages to Pier 21 in Halifax, making 33 immigrant voyages before the ship was retired. [5] An image of MS Berlin arriving at Pier 21 in 1957 [6] became the centre image of the newly redesigned Canadian epassport in 2012. [7]

The ship was sold for scrap in 1966.

Passengers of note

Regular service

Exchange and repatriation ship

Related Research Articles

USS <i>Vesole</i> Gearing-class destroyer, sunk as a target

USS Vesole (DD-878) was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bad Godesberg</span> District of Bonn, Germany

Bad Godesberg is a borough of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as branch offices or consulates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swedish American Line</span> Defunct Swedish cargo and passenger shipping company (1915-84)

Swedish American Line was a Swedish passenger shipping line. It was founded in December 1914 under the name Rederiaktiebolaget Sverige-Nordamerika and began ocean liner service from Gothenburg to New York in 1915. In 1925 the company changed its name to Svenska Amerika Linien / Swedish American Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saburō Kurusu</span> Japanese diplomat

Saburō Kurusu was a Japanese career diplomat. He is remembered now as an envoy who tried to negotiate peace and understanding with the United States while the Japanese government under Emperor Shōwa was secretly preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor.

SS <i>Drottningholm</i>

SS Drottningholm was one of the earliest steam turbine ocean liners. She was designed as a transatlantic liner and mail ship for Allan Line, built in Scotland, and launched in 1904 as RMS Virginian.

MS <i>Vulcania</i> Italian ocean liner (1926–1974)

The MS Vulcania was an Italian ocean liner built by Cantiere Navale Triestino, Monfalcone, northern Italy, in 1926 for the Italian company, Cosulich Line.

MS <i>Aramis</i> Ocean liner that became a French armed merchant cruiser and Japanese troop ship

MS Aramis was a Messageries Maritimes ocean liner that was launched in France in 1931. She was a sister ship of Félix Roussel and Georges Philippar. The three sisters were highly unusual in having square funnels. Aramis' interior was an Art Deco interpretation of Minoan design.

SS <i>Conte Verde</i> Italian ocean liner (1922–1949)

Conte Verde was an Italian ocean liner active in the early 20th century.

MV <i>Astoria</i> Cruise ship

MV Astoria is a ship that was constructed as the transatlantic ocean liner Stockholm for Swedish American Line, and rebuilt as a cruise ship in 1993. Ordered in 1944, and commenced service in 1948, at 76 years old, she is the oldest deep water passenger liner still around in a non retired status. As Stockholm, she was best known for an accidental collision with Andrea Doria in July 1956, resulting in the sinking of the latter ship and 46 fatalities off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States.

<i>MV Asama Maru</i> (1928) Japanese ocean liner

Asama Maru was a Japanese ocean liner owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK). The ship was built in 1927–1929 by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. at Nagasaki, Japan. The vessel was named after an important Shinto shrine.

SS <i>Letitia</i>

SS Letitia was an ocean liner built in Scotland for service with the Anchor-Donaldson Line. She continued to serve with its successor company Donaldson Atlantic Line. At the start of the Second World War in September 1939, the British Admiralty requisitioned the ship for service and had it converted to serve as an armed merchant cruiser. She was withdrawn from this service in 1941 to become a troop ship.

<i>Tatsuta Maru</i> Japanese ocean liner

Tatsuta Maru (龍田丸), was a Japanese ocean liner owned by Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK). The ship was built in 1927–1929 by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. at Nagasaki, Japan. The vessel was named after Tatsuta Jinja an important Shinto shrine in Nara Prefecture.

MS <i>Sobieski</i>

MS Sobieski was a Polish passenger ship launched in 1939. It was constructed for the South American service of the Gdynia-America Line – GAL to replace the aging SS Kościuszko and SS Pulaski. She was named in honour of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski. Sobieski was to be a sister ship to the MS Chrobry.

<i>Chichibu Maru</i> Japanese ocean liner (1929–1943)

The Chichibu Maru (秩父丸) was a Japanese passenger ship which, renamed Kamakura Maru, was sunk during World War II, killing 2,035 soldiers and civilians on board.

RMS <i>Ebro</i> Irish-built ocean liner

RMS Ebro was an ocean liner that was launched in Ireland in 1914. With changes of ownership she was renamed Princesa Olga in 1935 and Serpa Pinto in 1940. She was scrapped in Belgium in 1955.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cornell Franklin</span> American judge

Cornell Sidney Franklin (1892–1959) was an American lawyer, judge and politician who served as the chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council from 1937 to 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Nordlander</span> Swedish sea captain (1894–1961)

John Leonard Nordlander (1894–1961) was a Swedish sea captain and Commander commissioned by the shipping line Swedish American Line, crossing the Atlantic Ocean 532 times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregon A. Williams</span> U.S. Marine Corps Major General

Major General Gregon Albert Williams was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who served in World War II and the Korean War. He commanded the 6th Marine Regiment during the Battle of Okinawa and later served as the chief of staff of 1st Marine Division.

SS <i>Lourenço Marques</i> German-built passenger steamship

SS Lourenço Marques was a steam cargo liner that was launched in Germany in 1905 as Admiral for Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie (DOAL). Portugal seized her in 1916 and renamed her after the explorer Lourenço Marques. After a few years operated by Transportes Marítimos do Estado, she had a long career with Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN). In the Second World War she took refugees who had fled German-occupied Europe to the United States, and rescued survivors from Allied merchant ships sunk by the German Navy. She was scrapped in Scotland in 1950 or 1951.

SS <i>Nyassa</i> German-built passenger liner

SS Nyassa was a steam ocean liner that was launched in Germany in 1906 as Bülow for Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL). In 1916 Portugal seized her, renamed her Trás-os-Montes, and placed her under the management of Transportes Marítimos do Estado (TME). In 1924 Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN) bought her and renamed her Nyassa. After a long career with CNN she was scrapped in England in 1951.

References

  1. "MS Gripsholm (1925)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk. Retrieved 15 Jun 2017.
  2. The First Great Ocean Liners (pg 116) William H. Miller 1984 General Publishing Co. Ltd Canada
  3. "Gripsholm", Ship Arrivals Database, Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21
  4. Elleman, Bruce (2006). Japanese-American civilian prisoner exchanges and detention camps, 1941-45. Routledge. p. 31. ISBN   978-0-415-33188-3 . Retrieved 14 September 2009.
  5. "Berlin", Ship Arrivals Database, Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21
  6. Wetmore Collection, Library and Archives Canada, PA-187858
  7. "The Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 will be part of Canada’s new ePassport", Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21, October 26, 2012
  8. "Pittsburghers Held by Japs Coming Home on Gripsholm". The Pittsburgh Press. 1943-10-14. p. 15. Retrieved 2023-01-28 via Newspapers.com.
  9. "Von Wiegand (Karl H.) papers". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2024-07-07.

History