Macalpinomyces

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Macalpinomyces
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Ustilaginomycetes
Order:
Ustilaginales
Family:
Ustilaginaceae
Genus:
Macalpinomyces

Langdon & Full., in Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 68 (1): 30. 1977.
Type species
Macalpinomyces eriachnes
(Thüm.) Langdon & Full., 1977
Species

See text

Synonyms

EndosporisoriumVánky

Macalpinomyces is a fungus genus in the Ustilaginaceae family. [1]

Contents

It has a widespread distribution, almost worldwide. [2] These smut fungi from Ustilaginomycotina contain about 540 described species. Species from the complex often possess characteristics that occur in more than one genus, creating uncertainty for species placement. [3]

The genus name of Macalpinomyces is in honour of Daniel McAlpine (1849–1932), who was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology. [4] [5]

The genus was circumscribed by Raymond Forbes Newton Langdon and R.A. Fullerton in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. vol.68 Issue 1, on page 30 in 1977. [2]

Langdon & Fullerton (1977) established Macalpinomyces to accommodate M. eriachnes, which they considered as distinct from Sporisorium and Ustilago (other Smut (fungus) genera). As Macalpinomyces lacked columellae, produced sterile cells and the spores were uniformly ornamented and polyangular or sub-polyangular (Langdon & Fullerton 1977, Vánky 1996). [1] The original collection of M. eriachnes in Australia by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, was divided and sent to two mycologists, Mordecai Cooke in England and Felix von Thümen in Germany. They studied the specimens separately and then two new fungal taxa were described based on this single collection, Sorosporium eriachnes by Thümen in 1878 and Ustilago australis by Cooke in 1879. [1] Daniel McAlpine noted that the 2 types had large, smooth thick-walled cells. [5] Langdon & Fullerton (1977) agreed with McAlpine and later transferred this smut to a new genus, Macalpinomyces, nearly a century after the specimen was first described. [1]

Vánky in 1996, broadened the description of Macalpinomyces to include taxa that lacked a columella but possessed sterile cells, which are morphological features shared by both Sporisorium and Ustilago. [1]

Molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that Macalpinomyces is polyphyletic. Species of Macalpinomyces have sterile cells, a peridium derived from host material, and lack true spore balls (Vánky 2011b). Vánky (2011b) accepted 46 species of Macalpinomyces. [1]

The type species M. eriachnes was originally described from a specimen collected in northern Australia on the grass genus Eriachne in 1855. 10 new species were found in 2017, on the same grass in northern Australia. [6] Begerow et al. (2006), in their phylogenetic study of the Ustilaginomycotina, proposed that M. eriachnes might not belong to the Ustilaginaceae family as it did not occur in the clade containing Sporisorium, Ustilago and Moesziomyces. [1]

Macalpinomyces tilletioides and Sporisorium penniseticola, were both found on Pennisetum sphacelatum in Ethiopia. [7] Species Macalpinomyces trichopterygis and Macalpinomyces tristachyae are found in South Africa. [8] Panicum sumatrense , also known as little millet, is affected by Macalpinomyces sharmae. [9] [10]

Species

As of July 2022 GBIF accepts the following species: [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smut (fungus)</span> Reproductive structure of fungi

The smuts are multicellular fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for dirt because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes and comprise seven of the 15 orders of the subphylum. Most described smuts belong to two orders, Ustilaginales and Tilletiales. The smuts are normally grouped with the other basidiomycetes because of their commonalities concerning sexual reproduction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginales</span> Order of fungi

The Ustilaginales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contained 8 families, 49 genera, and 851 species in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginomycotina</span> Subdivision of fungi

The Ustilaginomycotina is a subdivision within the division Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi. It consists of the classes Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and in 2014 the subdivision was reclassified and the two additional classes Malasseziomycetes and Monilielliomycetes added. The name was first published by Doweld in 2001; Bauer and colleagues later published it in 2006 as an isonym. Ustilagomycotina and Agaricomycotina are considered to be sister groups, and they are in turn sister groups to the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.

Sporisorium sorghi, commonly known as sorghum smut, is a plant pathogen that belongs to the Ustilaginaceae family. This fungus is the causative agent of covered kernel smut disease and infects sorghum plants all around the world such as Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), S. sudanense, S. halepense and Sorghumvulgare var. technichum (broomcorn). Ineffective control of S. sorghi can have serious economic and ecological implications.

Sporisorium reilianum Langdon & Full., (1978), previously known as Sphacelotheca reiliana, and Sporisorium reilianum, is a species of biotrophic fungus in the family Ustilaginaceae. It is a plant pathogen that infects maize and sorghum.

Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008. and held 61 species in 2020.

<i>Tilletia</i> Genus of fungi

Tilletia is a genus of smut fungi in the Tilletiaceae family. Species in this genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses. Tilletia indica, which causes Karnal bunt of wheat, and Tilletia horrida, responsible for rice kernel smut, are examples of species that affect economically important crops.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tilletiales</span> Order of fungi

The Tilletiales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. It is a monotypic order, consisting of a single family, the Tilletiaceae, which contains seven genera. The roughly 150 species in the Tilletiales all infect hosts of the grass family, except for species of Erratomyces, which occur on legumes.

Conidiosporomyces is a genus of fungi in the smut family Tilletiaceae. The genus was described in 1992 to accommodate the species formerly known as Tilletia ayresii, first described by British naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1899. The species C. verruculosus was described in 1993. Species in the genus are plant pathogens that affect various grasses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Ustilaginaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginomycetes. Collectively, the family contains 17 genera and 607 species.

The Cintractiellaceae are a monotypic, family of smut fungi, in the order Cintractiellales, but unplaced beyond that. The family contains one genera, Cintractiella with 4 species. The family was circumscribed by mycologist Kálmán Vánky in 2003.

The Melanotaenium is a genus of smut fungi in the family Melanotaeniaceae.

Aizoago is a fungal genus in the family Ustilaginaceae. Circumscribed in 2013, it contains two species of smut fungi found in Australia. Aizoago tetragoniae grows on Tetragonia diptera, while A. tetragonioides grows on Tetragonia tetragonioides.

Sporisorium is a fungus genus in the Ustilaginaceae family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kálmán Vánky</span>

Kálmán Géza Vánky was a Székely-Hungarian mycologist with Swedish and Hungarian citizenship, who lived in Germany. He is considered to be the worldwide authority on the subject of smut fungi and has dominated the taxonomic study of Ustilaginomycetes for at least the past four decades.

<i>Doassansiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Doassansiopsis is a genus of smut fungi belonging to the monotypic family DoassansiopsidaceaeBegerow, R.Bauer & Oberw., 1998, within the class Ustilaginomycetes and order Urocystidales.

Farysia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae.

<i>Moesziomyces</i> Genus of fungi

Moesziomyces is a fungal genus in the family Ustilaginaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urocystidales</span> Order of fungi

The Urocystidales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contains 6 families and about 400 genera. They are a sister order to Ustilaginales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doassansiaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Doassansiaceae are a family of fungi in the division Basidiomycota and order of Doassansiales. The family contains 11 genera and about 58 species. They have a widespread distribution. Doassansiaceae is also known and classified as a smut fungi.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A.R. McTaggart; R.G. Shivas; A.D.W. Geering; K. Vánky; T. Scharaschkin (2012). "Taxonomic revision of Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces". Persoonia. 29: 116–132. doi:10.3767/003158512X661462. PMC   3589789 . PMID   23606769.
  2. 1 2 3 "Macalpinomyces Langdon & Full". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. ↑ Wang, Peng; Lu, Tianhao; Huang, Jingwei (2021). "The first complete mitochondrial genome of Macalpinomyces bursus (Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae) and insights into its phylogeny". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 6 (8): 2151–2153. doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1944383. PMC   8330779 . PMID   34377791.
  4. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names](pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN   978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID   246307410 . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  5. 1 2 Douglas G. Parbery Daniel McAlpine and The Bitter Pit , p. 53, at Google Books
  6. ↑ Li, Yingming; Shivas, Roger; McTaggart, Alistair; Zhao, Peng (May 2017). "Ten new species of Macalpinomyces on Eriachne in northern Australia". Mycologia. 109 (3): 408–421. doi:10.1080/00275514.2017.1330026. hdl:2263/63261. PMID   28636469. S2CID   22108236.
  7. ↑ Bulgarian Mycological Society Mycologia Balcanica, Volumes 1-3 (2004) , p. 91, at Google Books
  8. ↑ Pedro W. Crous Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa (2000) , p. 192, at Google Books
  9. ↑ J. N. Srivastava and A. K. Singh (editors) Diseases of Field Crops Diagnosis and Management, 2-Volume Set: Volume 1 ... , p. 293, at Google Books
  10. ↑ Mohar Singh and Hari D. Upadhyaya Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement (2015) , p. 341, at Google Books
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