Madacantha | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Araneidae |
Genus: | Madacantha Emerit, 1970 [1] |
Species: | M. nossibeana |
Binomial name | |
Madacantha nossibeana (Strand, 1916) | |
Madacantha is a genus of East African orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Madacantha nossibeana. It was first described by M. Emerit in 1970, [2] and has only been found in Madagascar. [1]
A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.
East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories make up Eastern Africa:
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometres off the coast of East Africa. At 592,800 square kilometres (228,900 sq mi) Madagascar is the world's 2nd largest island country. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.
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Gasteracantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens. The name Gasteracantha is derived from the Greek gaster (γαστήρ), meaning "belly, abdomen", and akantha (άκανθα), meaning "thorn, spine". Spiny-backed orb-weavers are sometimes colloquially called "crab spiders" because of their shape, but they are not closely related to the true crab spiders. Other colloquial names for certain species include thorn spider, star spider, kite spider, or jewel spider.
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Macracantha is a genus of Asian orb-weaver spiders currently recognized as containing a single species, Macracantha arcuata. The taxon was first described by Eugène Simon in 1864 as a subgenus of Gasteracantha and was raised to genus status in 1974 by Michel Emerit. Macracantha is notable for the extremely long, curved spines on the abdomens of female members of the genus; Simon created the taxon name from the Greek words μακρός and ἄκανθα (spine). It occurs from India and China through Southeast Asia to Borneo, where an undescribed taxon has been photographed by several 21st-century observers.
Parmatergus is a genus of East African orb-weaver spiders first described by M. Emerit in 1994. As of April 2019 it contains only three species, all found in Madagascar.
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Togacantha is a genus of African orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Togacantha nordviei. It was first described as a subgenus of Gasteracantha by Friedrich Dahl in 1914, and was later elevated to genus status. Only the female was known until a male was found and described in 1982.
Juan (Jean) Brèthes, also known as Frère Judulien Marie or Juan Brethes was an Argentine scientist, naturalist, entomologist, ornithologist, zoologist and geologist. He was the first entomologist of the National Museum, today known as the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences. He was a close collaborator of Florentino Ameghino, and translated several of his works into French. Thanks to his intense activity, he systematized a large number of Latin American insect species. He was a precursor in the fight against agricultural pests at a time when insecticides had not been developed to combat them.
Between 1900 and 1913, Hector Guimard was responsible for the first generation of entrances to the underground stations of the Paris Métro. His Art Nouveau designs in cast iron and glass dating mostly to 1900, and the associated lettering that he also designed, created what became known as the Métro style and popularized Art Nouveau. However, arbiters of style were scandalized and the public was also less enamored of his more elaborate entrances. In 1904 his design for the Opéra station at Place de l'Opéra was rejected and his association with the Métro ended; many of his station entrances have been demolished, including all three of the pavilion type. Those that remain are now all protected historical monuments, one has been reconstituted, and some originals and replicas also survive outside France.
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