Malayan general election, 1955

Malayan general election, 1955
	Members elected →
52 (of the 98) seats to the Federal Legislative Council ; 27 seats needed for a majority
Registered	1,280,855
Turnout	1,027,211 (82.8%)
	Elected Chief Minister; Tunku Abdul Rahman ; Alliance

Last updated April 21, 2019

A general election was held on Wednesday, 27 July 1955, the only general election before Malaya's independence in 1957. It was held to elect members of the Federal Legislative Council, which prior to this was fully appointed by the British High Commissioner in Malaya. Voting took place in all 52 federal constituencies of Malaya, each electing one Federal Councillor to the Federal Legislative Council. State elections also took place in all 136 state constituencies in 9 states of Malaya and 2 settlements from 10 October 1954 to 12 November 1955, each electing one Councillor to the State Council or Settlement Council.

Elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are indirectly elected, usually filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures.

Hari Merdeka, also known as Hari Kebangsaan, refers to the day when the Federation of Malaya's independence from the British Empire was officially declared. At exactly 09:30 on 31 August 1957, the declaration was read by the first Chief Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman at the Merdeka Stadium in the presence of thousands of people including Malay Rulers, members of the federal government, and foreign dignitaries.

The Pan-Malayan Islamic Party (PMIP, later known as PAS) was formed primarily to contest in the 1955 election. Before that, PMIP was known as the "Pan-Malayan Islamic Association", as a part of UMNO. PMIP won support by proclaiming its aim of making Islam the base of the Malay society in the north of Malay Peninsula, which was facing the lowest economic growth in Malaya.

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God, and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24% of the world's population, most commonly known as Muslims. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, and unique, and has guided humankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative examples of Muhammad.

Malay Peninsula peninsula in Southeast Asia

The Malay Peninsula is a peninsula in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland. The area contains Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Thailand, and the southernmost tip of Myanmar (Kawthaung) as well as the city state Singapore, indigenous to or historically inhabited by the Malays, an Austronesian people.

The election resulted in a decisive win for the Alliance, which consisted of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), and a resounding defeat for Parti Negara, led by former UMNO president Onn Jaafar. Onn himself failed to win a seat, while the Alliance proceeded to form the new government, with its leader Tunku Abdul Rahman becoming Chief Minister.^[1]

The United Malays National Organisation is Malaysia's main opposition political party. It is a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition which, with its predecessor the Alliance, had been the government of Malaysia and dominated the country's politics from independence until 2018. Until then, all of Malaysia's Prime Ministers had been members of UMNO, until Mahathir Mohamad became the first prime minister from Pakatan Harapan, and the first prime minister to have tenures with two different parties.

The Parti Negara was a Malay-based political party which was formed by former leaders of the Independence of Malaya Party in 1953, and formally launched in February 1954. Its founder was Dato Sir Onn Jaafar, the first president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), after Onn lost an internal power struggle.

Dato' Sir Onn bin Dato' Jaafar was a Malay politician and a Menteri Besar of Johore in Malaysia, then Malaya. He was the founder of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and was also responsible for the social economic welfare of the Malays by setting up the Rural Industrial Development Authority (RIDA). His son was Tun Hussein Onn, the third Prime Minister of Malaysia and his grandson is Hishammuddin Hussein.

Thirty Alliance candidates had majorities of over 10,000 votes. Nine of them had majorities of over 20,000. Forty-three of their opponents lost their deposits.

Timelines

Federal Legislative Council

Nomination Date : 15 June 1955
Election day : 27 July 1955,

State Council

State	Nomination Date	State election
Johor	1 September 1954	10 October 1954
Terengganu		29 October 1954
Selangor	11 August 1955	27 September 1955
Kedah	14 August 1955	nil
Kelantan	15 August 1955	19 September 1955
Perlis	17 August 1955	24 September 1955
Pahang	25 August 1955	26 September 1955
Negeri Sembilan	8 September 1955	12 October 1955
Perak	1 October 1955	12 November 1955

Settlement Council

Settlement	Nomination Date	State election
Penang	13 January 1955	19 February 1955
Malacca	4 August 1955	nil

Results

Federal Legislative Council

The Alliance Party won around 80% of the total vote and 51 out of 52 seats contested. PMIP won their only seat in Krian, Perak. Its sole winning candidate, Haji Ahmad Tuan Hussein, an Islamic scholar, was subsequently nicknamed "Mr. Opposition". Voter turnout was 82.8%.

The Alliance Party was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1973. The party became the Barisan Nasional in 1973.

Krian is a state constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 1969.

Ahmad Tuan Hussein was a Malayan politician and Islamic religious teacher. He served in the pre-independence Federal Legislative Council of Malaya, having been elected to the chamber in the 1955 election for the seat of Krian, Perak. He was a member of the party later known as the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan *Federal Legislative Council* election results**
Party				Vote		Seats
Party				Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	818,013	81.68	51	98.08
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	589,933	58.90	34	65.38
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	201,212	20.09	15	28.85
		Malayan Indian Congress	MIC	26,868	2.68	2	3.85
	National Party		Negara	78,909	7.88	0	0.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	40,667	4.06	1	1.92
	National Association of Perak		NAP	20,996	2.10	0	0.00
	Perak Malay League		PML	5,433	0.54	0	0.00
	Labour Party of Malaya		Lab	4,786	0.48	0	0.00
	Perak Progressive Party		PPP	1,081	0.11	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	31,642	3.16	0	0.00
Valid votes				1,001,527
Invalid/blank votes				25,684
Overall total (turnout: 82.8%)				1,027,211	100.00	52	100.00
Did not vote				253,644
Registered voters				1,280,855
Source: The Malayan Elections, Francis G. Carnell.^[2]

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

Results by state

Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results by state

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Perlis**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	1	17,769	66.84	1	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	1	17,769	66.84	1	100.00
	Independents		IND	1	8,814	33.16	0	0.00
Valid votes					26,583
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	1	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					30,936
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)					&nbsp
Perlis's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Kedah**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	6	155,151	93.34	6	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	4	106,204	63.89	4	66.67
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	2	48,947	29.45	2	33.33
	National Party		Negara	4	6,692	4.03	0	0.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	1	1,563	0.94	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	2	2,817	1.69	0	0.00
Valid votes					166,223
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	6	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					193,865
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Kedah's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Kelantan**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	5	130,513	78.09	5	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	5	130,513	78.09	5	100.00
	National Party		Negara	4	20,459	12.24	0	0.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	3	13,399	8.02	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	3	2,758	1.65	0	0.00
Valid votes					167,129
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	5	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					205,901
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Kelantan's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Trengganu**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	3	57,424	84.87	3	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	3	57,424	84.87	3	100.00
	National Party		Negara	3	10,240	15.13	0	0.00
Valid votes					67,664
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	3	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					92,948
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Trengganu's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Penang**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	4	37,815	79.88	4	100.00
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	2	22,950	48.48	2	50.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	2	14,865	31.40	2	50.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	1	3,523	7.44	0	0.00
	Labour Party of Malaya		Lab	1	2,650	5.60	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	2	3,354	7.08	0	0.00
Valid votes					47,342
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	4	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					98,780
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Penang's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Perak**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	10	115,033	70.55	9	90.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	6	72,694	44.58	5	50.00
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	3	34,439	21.12	3	30.00
		Malayan Indian Congress	MIC	1	7,900	4.85	1	10.00
	National Association of Perak		NAP	9	20,996	12.88	0	0.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	3	13,694	8.40	1	10.00
	Perak Malay League		PML	3	5,433	3.33	0	0.00
	Labour Party of Malaya		Lab	2	1,118	0.69	0	0.00
	Perak Progressive Party		PPP	2	1,081	0.66	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	4	5,699	3.50	0	0.00
Valid votes					163,054
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	10	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					206,466
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Perak's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Pahang**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	3	46,932	89.95	3	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	3	46,932	89.95	3	100.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	1	1,999	3.83	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	2	3,244	6.22	0	0.00
Valid votes					52,175
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	3	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					65,240
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Pahang's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Selangor**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	7	50,178	71.19	7	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	4	33,069	46.92	4	57.14
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	3	17,109	24.27	3	42.86
	National Party		Negara	7	11,796	16.74	0	0.00
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party		PMIP	2	6,489	9.21	0	0.00
	Labour Party of Malaya		Lab	1	1,018	1.44	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	1	1,003	1.42	0	0.00
Valid votes					70,484
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	7	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					85,579
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Selangor's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Negri Sembilan
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	3	41,656	83.10	3	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	2	33,254	66.34	2	66.67
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	1	8,402	16.76	1	33.33
	National Party		Negara	3	7,968	15.89	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	1	506	1.01	0	0.00
Valid votes					50,130
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	3	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					58,318
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Negri Sembilan's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Malacca**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	2	43,894	87.95	2	100.00
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	1	26,790	53.68	1	50.00
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	1	17,104	34.27	1	50.00
	National Party		Negara	1	2,821	5.65	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	1	3,194	6.40	0	0.00
Valid votes					49,909
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	2	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					64,708
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Malacca's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

e • d **Summary of the 27 July 1955 Malayan Federal Legislative Council election results in Johore**
Party				Candidates	Vote		Seats
Party				Candidates	Votes	%	Won	%
	Alliance Party ^{[lower-alpha 1]}		Alliance	8	121,648	86.07	8	100.00
		Malayan Chinese Association	MCA	3	52,261	36.98	3	37.50
		United Malays National Organisation	UMNO	4	50,419	35.67	4	50.00
		Malayan Indian Congress	MIC	1	18,968	13.42	1	12.50
	National Party		Negara	8	19,433	13.75	0	0.00
	Independents		IND	1	253	0.18	0	0.00
Valid votes					141,334
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %)						100.00	8	100.00
Did not vote
Registered voters					178,114
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)
Johore's population
Source:

↑ Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

State and Settlement Councils

Notes

↑ Gill, Ranjit (1990). Of Political Bondage. Sterling Corporate Services. p. 40. ISBN 981-00-2136-4.
↑ Carnell, Francis G. (December 1955). "The Malayan Elections". Pacific Affairs. University of British Columbia. 28 (4): 315. doi:10.2307/3035316. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 3035316.

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References

Barbara Watson Andaya dan Leonard Y. Andaya. A History of Malaysia, The MacMlllan Press Ltd. (1982). ISBN 0-333-27673-6.
The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book International (1994). ISBN 0-7166-6694-4.

International Standard Book Number Unique numeric book identifier

The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.

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[Alliance-2] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-4] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-5] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-6] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-7] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-8] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-9] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-10] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-11] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

[Alliance-12] Contested using kapal layar election symbol on the ballot papers.

v t e Elections in Malaysia
General elections	1955 1959 1964 1969 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1995 1999 2004 2008 2013 2018 next by-elections
State elections	1954 1955 1959 1963 1964 1967 1969 1971 1974 1976 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1985 1986 1987 1990 1991 1994 1995 1996 1999 2001 2004 2006 2008 2011 2013 2016 2018 2021 by-elections
Local elections	1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
See also: Elections in Johor Kedah Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Labuan Malacca Negeri Sembilan Pahang Penang Perak Perlis Putrajaya Sabah Sarawak Selangor Terengganu

Malayan general election, 1955

Contents

Timelines

Federal Legislative Council

State Council

Settlement Council

Results

Federal Legislative Council

Results by state

State and Settlement Councils

Notes

Related Research Articles

References