Malaysian state elections, 1999

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State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 29 November 1999 in all states except Sarawak. The elections were held alongside general elections, and saw the opposition win a total of 113 seats, 98 of which went to the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), 11 to the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and 4 for the People's Justice Party. In the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, the PAS won by a huge margin–41-2 against Barisan Nasional and 28-4 respectively–hence allowing them to form the state governments in these states. In addition, the PAS also captured one-third of the seats in Kedah, with the remaining two-thirds going to Barisan Nasional (United Malays National Organisation won 16 seats and the Malaysian Chinese Association 2).

State legislative assemblies of Malaysia Subnational legislatures of Malaysia

A state legislative assembly is the legislative branch of the state governments of each far of the 13 Malaysian states. Members of a state legislative assembly comprises elected representatives from single-member constituencies during state elections through the first-past-the-post system.

Malaysia Federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species.

Sarawak State of Malaysia

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, Kalimantan to the south, and Brunei in the north. The capital city, Kuching, is the largest city in Sarawak, the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sarawak state government. Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri, Sibu, and Bintulu. As of the 2015 census, the population of Sarawak was 2,636,000. Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park. Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia; Bakun Dam, one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia, is located on one of its tributaries, the Balui River. Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak.

Contents

The election results were seen as a great gain for PAS, who previously had no state seats in Kedah and capturing only one seat in Terengganu in the 1995 elections. Observers attributed this to the negelect by the Federal Administration in the states of Terengganu and Kelantan. [1]

Results

Perlis

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Perlis State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 15 12 80.00 -3
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 13 10 66.67 -3
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 2 2 13.33 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 3 20.00 +3
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0015100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Perlis's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Kedah

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Kedah State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 36 24 66.67 -10
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 16 44.44 -10
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 4 11.11 0
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 2 5.56 0
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 2 5.56 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 12 33.33 +10
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0036100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Kedah's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Kelantan

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Kelantan State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 41 41 95.35 +17
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 43 2 4.65 -5
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 42 2 4.65 -4
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 1 0 0.00 -1
National Justice Party KeADILan 2 0 0.00 New
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0043100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Kelantan's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Terengganu

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Terengganu State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 28 87.50 +21
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 32 4 12.50 -21
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 31 4 12.50 -20
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 1 0 0.00 -1
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0032100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Terengganu's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Penang

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Penang State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 33 30 90.91 -2
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 12 10 30.30 -2
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 11 10 30.30 0
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 9 9 27.27 0
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 1 1 3.03 0
Democratic Action Party DAP 1 3.03 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 1 3.03 +1
National Justice Party KeADILan 1 3.03 +1
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0033100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Penang's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Perak

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Perak State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 52 44 84.62 -7
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 26 50.00 -4
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 12 23.08 -2
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 3 5.77 -1
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 3 5.77 0
People's Progressive Party PPP 0 0.00 0
Democratic Action Party DAP 4 7.69 +3
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 3 5.77 +3
National Justice Party KeADILan 1 1.92 New
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0052100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Perak's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Pahang

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Pahang State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 38 30 78.95 -7
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 21 55.26 -7
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 7 18.42 0
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 1 2.63 0
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 1 2.63 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 6 15.79 +6
Democratic Action Party DAP 1 2.63 0
National Justice Party KeADILan 1 2.63 New
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0038100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Pahang's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Selangor

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Selangor State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 48 42 87.50 -3
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 26 54.17 -4
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 11 22.92 0
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 3 6.25 0
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 2 4.17 +1
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 4 8.33 +4
Democratic Action Party DAP 1 2.08 -2
National Justice Party KeADILan 1 2.08 New
IndependentsIND 0 0.00 0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0048100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Selangor's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Negeri Sembilan

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 32 32 100.00 +2
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 20 20 62.50 0
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 9 9 28.13 +2
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 2 2 6.25 0
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 1 1 3.13 0
Democratic Action Party DAP 0 0.00 -2
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 0 0.00 0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0032100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Negeri Sembilan's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Malacca

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Malacca State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 25 21 84.00 -1
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 16 64.00 0
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 4 16.00 -1
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 1 4.00 0
Democratic Action Party DAP 4 16.00 +1
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 0 0.00 0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0025100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Malacca's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Johor

e  •  d  Summary of the 29 November 1999 Johor State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 40 40 100.00 0
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 25 62.50 0
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 11 27.50 0
Malaysian Indian Congress MIC 2 5.00 0
Malaysian People's Movement Party Gerakan 2 5.00 0
Democratic Action Party DAP 0 0.00 0
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 0 0.00 0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0040100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Johor's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

Sabah

e  •  d  Summary of the 12 – 13 March 1999 Sabah State Legislative Assembly election results
PartyCandidatesVoteSeats
Votes%Won%+/–
National Front [lower-alpha 1] BN 48 31 64.58 +8
United Malays National Organisation UMNO 24 24 50.00 +5
Sabah Progressive Party SAPP 5 3 6.25 0
Liberal Democratic Party LDP 2 2 4.17 +1
Sabah Democratic Party PDS 12 2 4.17 New
Malaysian Chinese Association MCA 1 0 0.00 New
United Sabah People's Party PBRS 2 0 0.00 New
Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat Bersatu AKAR 2 0 0.00 New
United Sabah Party PBS 48 17 35.42 -8
Federated Sabah People's Front BERSEKUTU 48 0 0.00 New
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party SETIA 21 0 0.00 New
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS 6 0 0.00 0
United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation PASOK 1 0 0.00 0
Independents IND 27 0 0.00 0
Valid votes
Invalid/blank votes
Total votes (voter turnout: %) '100.0048100.000
Did not vote
Registered voters '
Voting age population (aged 21 years and above)'
Sabah's population '

Source:

  1. ↑ Contested using dacing election symbol on the ballot papers.

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References

  1. ↑ Swee-Hock Saw, K. Kesavapany (2006). Malaysia recent trends and challenges. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 97–8. ISBN   981-230-339-1.
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