Mali (processor)

Last updated
Mali
ARMCortexA57A53.jpg
ARM Cortex A57 A53 big.LITTLE SoC with a Mali-T624 GPU
Release date2005
Architecture
  • Utgard
  • Midgard
  • Bifrost
  • Valhall
ModelsSee Variants
Cores 1 to 32 cores
Fabrication process4 to 40 nm
API support
OpenCL 1.1 to 3.0
Vulkan 1.0 to 1.3

The Mali and Immortalis series of graphics processing units (GPUs) and multimedia processors are semiconductor intellectual property cores produced by Arm Holdings for licensing in various ASIC designs by Arm partners.

Contents

Mali GPUs were developed by Falanx Microsystems A/S, which was a spin-off of a research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. [1] Arm Holdings acquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company to Arm Norway. [2]

It was originally named Malaik, but the team shortened the name to Mali, Serbo-Croatian for "small", which was thought to be fitting for a mobile GPU. [3]

On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Immortalis series of GPUs with hardware-based Ray Tracing support. [4]

Graphics processors

Utgard

In 2005, Falanx announced their Utgard GPU Architecture, the Mali-200 GPU. [5] Arm followed up with the Mali-300, Mali-400, Mali-450, and Mali-470. Utgard was a non-unified GPU (discrete pixel and vertex shaders). [1]

Comparison of Mali Utgard graphics processing units
ModelLaunch dateTypeEUs/Shader core countCore clock rate

(MHz)

 L2 cache size Fillrate GFLOPS
(per core)		 OpenGL ES
M△/sGT/s(GP/s)
Mali-55/110 2005 Fixed function pipeline [6] 12.80.1 ?1.1
Mali-200 2007 [7] Programmable pipeline [6] 15 ?0.22.0
Mali-300 2010 [8] 15008 KiB550.55
Mali-400 MP 20081–4200–6008–256 KiB550.51.2–5.4
Mali-450 MP 20121–8300–7508–512 KiB1422.64.5–11.9
Mali-470 MP 20151–4250–6508–256 KiB710.658–20.8

Midgard

1st generation

On November 10, 2010, Arm announced their Midgard 1st gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T604 and later the Mali-T658 GPU in 2011. [9] [10] [11] [12] Midgard uses a Hierarchical Tiling system. [1]

2nd generation

On August 6, 2012, Arm announced their Midgard 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T678 GPU. [13] Midgard 2nd gen introduced Forward Pixel Kill. [1] [14]

3rd generation

On October 29, 2013, Arm announced their Midgard 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T760 GPU. [15] [1] [16] [17] [18]

4rd generation

On October 27, 2014, Arm announced their Midgard 4th gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T860, Mali-T830, Mali-T820. Their flagship Mali-T880 GPU was announced on February 3, 2015. New microarchitectural features include: [19]

  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-T880, with 256KB – 2MB L2 cache

Bifrost

1st generation

On May 27, 2016, Arm announced their Bifrost GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G71 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: [20] [21]

  • Unified shaders with quad vectorization
  • Scalar ISA
  • Clauses execution
  • Full cache coherency
  • Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G71, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G71 has 40% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-T880

2nd generation

On May 29, 2017, Arm announced their Bifrost 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G72 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: [22] [23]

  • Arithmetic optimizations and increased caches
  • Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G72, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G72 has 20% more performance density and 25% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G71

3rd generation

On May 31, 2018, Arm announced their Bifrost 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G76 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: [24] [25]

  • 8 execution lanes per engine (up from 4). Doubled pixel and texel throughput
  • Up to 20 cores for the Mali-G76, with 512KB – 4MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G76 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G72

Valhall

1st generation

On May 27, 2019, Arm announced their Valhall GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G77 GPU, and in October Mali-G57 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: [26] [27] [28]

  • New superscalar engine
  • Simplified scalar ISA
  • New dynamic scheduling
  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G77, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G77 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G76

2nd generation

On May 26, 2020, Arm announced their Valhall 2nd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G78. New microarchitectural features include: [29] [30] [31]

  • Asynchronous clock domains
  • New FMA units and increase Tiler throughput
  • Up to 24 cores for the Mali-G78, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm Frame Buffer Compression (AFBC)
  • Arm claims the Mali-G78 has 15% more performance density and 10% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G77

3rd generation

On May 25, 2021, Arm announced their Valhall 3rd Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS21), including the Mali-G710, Mali-G510, and Mali-G310 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: [32] [33] [34]

  • Larger shader cores (2x compared to Valhall 2nd Gen)
  • New GPU frontend, Command Stream Frontend (CSF) replaces the Job Manager
  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G710, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G710 has 20% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G78

4th generation

On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Valhall 4th Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS22), including the Immortalis-G715, Mali-G715, and Mali-G615 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: [4] [35]

  • Ray Tracing support (hardware-based)
  • Variable Rate Shading [36]
  • New Execution Engine, with doubled the FMA block, Matrix Multiply instruction support, and PPA improvements
  • Arm Fixed Rate Compression (AFRC)
  • Arm claims the Immortalis-G715 has 15% more performance & 15% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G710 [37]

5th generation

On May 29, 2023, Arm announced their 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture (as part of TCS23), including the Immortalis-G720, Mali-G720 and Mali-G620 GPUs. [38] [39] [40] New microarchitectural features include: [41]

  • Deferred vertex shading (DVS) pipeline
  • Arm claims the Immortalis-G720 has 15% more performance and uses up to 40% less memory bandwidth than the Immortalis-G715

Technical details

Like other embedded IP cores for 3D rendering acceleration, the Mali GPU does not include display controllers driving monitors, in contrast to common desktop video cards. Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display.

ARM does, however, license display controller SIP cores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650. [42]

ARM also supplies tools to help in authoring OpenGL ES shaders named Mali GPU Shader Development Studio and Mali GPU User Interface Engine.

Display controllers such as the ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately. [43]

Variants

The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute: [44]

Model Micro-
archi-
tecture 		TypeLaunch dateEUs/Shader core countShading UnitsTotal Shaders Fab (nm)Die size (mm2)Core clock rate (MHz) L2 cache size Fillrate GFLOPS
(per core)		 GFLOPS
(total)		 API (version)
M△/sGT/s(GP/s) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenCL
Mali-T604 [45] Midgard 1st gen Unified shader model +

SIMD ISA

Nov 2010 [46] 1–4 32
28		 ?53332–256 KiB900.533173.1Full Profile 1.1
Mali-T658 [45] Nov 2011 [47] 1–8 ? ? ? ? ?
Mali-T622 Midgard 2nd genJun 2013 [48] 1–232
28		 ?533 ? ?8.5
Mali-T624 2012-081–4 ?533–600 ? ?17–19.2
Mali-T628 1–8 ?533–695 ? ?17–23.7
Mali-T678 [49] 1–828 ? ? ? ?
Mali-T720 Midgard 3rd gen2013-101–8 ?400–700650 (MP8@
650 MHz)		5.2 (MP8
@650 MHz)		6.8–11.9
Mali-T760 1–1628
14		1.75 mm2 per shader core at 14 nm [50] 600–772256–2048 KiB [51] 13000.6–12.6 GTexel/s (bilinear) [52] 10.417–26.21.0 [53] 3.2 [54] Full Profile 1.2
Mali-T820 Midgard 4th genQ4 20151–428 ?60032–256 KiB [51] 400?2.610.2
Mali-T830  ?600–950400?2.620.4–32.3
Mali-T860 1–16 ?350–700256–2048 KiB [51] 1300?10.411.9–23.8
Mali-T880 Q2 20161–1616 ?650–10001700?13.622.1–34
Mali-G31 Bifrost 1st gen Unified shader model + Unified memory +

scalar, clause-based ISA

Q1 20181–6 [55] 4 or 8 per core4–4828
12		 ?65032kB–512kB?1.38–16 @ 1000 MHz48–576 @ 1000 MHz1.3 [56] Full Profile 2.0
Mali-G51 [57] Q4 20161–6 [58] 8 or 12 per core8–7228
16
14
12
10		 ?1000?3.916–24 @ 1000 MHz16–144 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G71 [59] Q2 20161–3212 per core12–38416
14
10		 ?546–1037128–2048 KiB18500.7–24.7

GTexel/s

(bilinear) [60]

27.224 @ 1000 MHz24–768 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G52 Bifrost 2nd genQ1 20181–616 or 24 per core16–14416
12
8
7		 ?85032-512 KiB?6.832–48 @ 1000 MHz32–288 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G72 Q2 20171–3212 per core12–38416
12
10		1.36 mm2 per shader core at 10 nm [61] 572–1050128–2048 KiB27.224 @ 1000 MHz24–768 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G76 Bifrost 3rd genQ2 20184–2024 per core96–48012
8
7		 ?600–800512–4096 KiB ? ?48 @ 1000 MHz192–960 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G57 Valhall 1st genSuperscalar engine + Unified memory +

simplified scalar ISA

Q2 20191–632 per core32–19212
7
6		?950 [62] 64–512 KiB???64 @ 1000 MHz64–384 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G77 7–16224–5127
6		?695–850512–2048 KiB???448–1024 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G68 Valhall 2nd genQ2 20201–632–1926
5
3		64–384 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G78 7–24224–7685759-848448–1536 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G310 Valhall 3rd genQ2 2021116 or 32 or 6416–646
5
4		256–1024 KiB32–128 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G510 2–648 or 64 per core96–38496–128 @ 1000 MHz192–768 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G610 1–664 per core64–384512–2048 KiB128 @ 1000 MHz128–768 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G710 7–16448–1024650,850
900		264892896–2048 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G615 Valhall 4th genQ2 20221–6128 per core128–7684256 @ 1000 MHz256–1536 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G715 7–9896–11521792–2304 @ 1000 MHz
Immortalis-G715 10–161280–20482560–4096 @ 1000 MHz
Mali-G620 5th Gen [63] Deferred Vertex Shading (DVS)Q2 20231–5128–640256–1024 KiB332.8 @ 1300 MHz332.8–1664 @ 1300 MHzFull Profile 3.0
Mali-G720 6–9768–1152512–2048 KiB1996.8–2995.2 @ 1300 MHz
Immortalis-G720 Q4 202310–161280–20483328–5324.8 @ 1300 
MHz
Mali-G625 Q2 20241–5128–6404
3		256–1024 KiB332.8–1664 @ 1300 MHz
Mali-G725 6–9768–1152512–4096 KiB1996.8–2995.2 @ 1300 MHz
Immortalis-G925 10–241280–30723328–7987.2 @ 1300 
MHz
ModelMicro-
archi-
tecture		TypeLaunch dateEUs/Shader core countShading UnitsTotal ShadersFab

(nm)

Die size (mm2)Core clock rate (MHz)Max L2 cache sizeFillrate (Max core count)FP32 GFLOPS
(per core)		 GFLOPS
(total)		VulkanOpen
GL/ES		Open
CL

Some microarchitectures (or just some chips?) support cache coherency for the L2 cache with the CPU. [64] [65]

Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC) is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880 [66] and Mali-G series.

Implementations

The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following systems on chips (SoCs):

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Video processors

Mali Video is the name given to ARM Holdings' dedicated video decoding and video encoding ASIC. There are multiple versions implementing a number of video codecs, such as HEVC, VP9, H.264 and VP8. As with all ARM products, the Mali video processor is a semiconductor intellectual property core licensed to third parties for inclusion in their chips. Real time encode-decode capability is central to videotelephony. An interface to ARM's TrustZone technology is also built-in to enable digital rights management of copyrighted material.

Mali-V500

The first version of a Mali Video processor was the V500, released in 2013 with the Mali-T622 GPU. [119] The V500 is a multicore design, sporting 1–8 cores, with support for H.264 and a protected video path using ARM TrustZone. The 8 core version is sufficient for 4K video decode at 120 frames per second (fps). The V500 can encode VP8 and H.264, and decode H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8.

Mali-V550

Released with the Mali-T800 GPU, ARM V550 video processors added both encode and decode HEVC support, 10-bit color depth, and technologies to further reduced power consumption. [120] The V550 also included technology improvements to better handle latency and save bandwidth. [121] Again built around the idea of a scalable number of cores (1–8) the V550 could support between 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 cores). The V550 supported HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG encode, and HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8, JPEG decode.

Mali-V61

The Mali V61 video processor (formerly named Egil) was released with the Mali Bifrost GPU in 2016. [122] [123] V61 has been designed to improve video encoding, in particular HEVC and VP9, and to allow for encoding either a single or multiple streams simultaneously. [124] The design continues the 1–8 variable core number design, with a single core supporting 1080p60 while 8 cores can drive 4Kp120. It can decode and encode VP9 10-bit, VP9 8-bit, HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG and decode only MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, H.263. [125]

Mali-V52

The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018. [126] The processor is intended to support 4K (including HDR) video on mainstream devices. [127]

The platform is scalable from 1 to 4 cores and doubles the decode performance relative to V61. It also adds High 10 H.264 encode (Level 5.0) and decode (Level 5.1) capabilities, as well as AVS Part 2 (Jizhun) and Part 16 (AVS+, Guangdian) decode capability for YUV420. [128]

Mali-V76

The Mali V76 video processor was released with the Mali G76 GPU and Cortex-A76 CPU in 2018. [129] The V76 was designed to improve video encoding and decoding performance. The design continues the 2–8 variable core number design, with 8 cores capable of 8Kp60 decoding and 8Kp30 encoding. It claims improves HEVC encode quality by 25% relative to Mali-V61 at launch. The AV1 codec is not supported.

Mali-V77

The Mali V77 video processor was released with the Mali G77 GPU and Cortex-A77 CPU in 2019.

Comparison

Display processors

Mali-D71

The Mali-D71 added Arm Framebuffer Compression (AFBC) 1.2 encoder, support for ARM CoreLink MMU-600 and Assertive Display 5. Assertive Display 5 has support for HDR10 and hybrid log–gamma (HLG).

Mali-D77

The Mali-D77 added features including asynchronous timewarp (ATW), lens distortion correction (LDC), and chromatic aberration correction (CAC) [ broken anchor ]. The Mali-D77 is also capable of 3K (2880x1440) @ 120 Hz and 4K @ 90 Hz. [134]

Image signal processors

Mali-C71

On April 25, 2017 the Mali-C71 was announced, ARM's first image signal processor (ISP). [146] [147] [148]

Mali-C52 and Mali-C32

On January 3, 2019 the Mali-C52 and C32 were announced, aimed at everyday devices including drones, smart home assistants and security, and internet protocol (IP) camera. [149]

Mali-C71AE

On September 29, 2020 the Mali-C71AE image signal processor was introduced, alongside the Cortex-A78AE CPU and Mali-G78AE GPU. [150] It supports up to 4 real-time cameras or up to 16 virtual cameras with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 4096 each. [151]

Mali-C55

On June 8, 2022 the Mali-C55 ISP was introduced as successor to the C52. [152] [153] It is the smallest and most configurable image signal processor from Arm, and support up to 8 camera with a max resolution of 48 megapixel each. Arm claims improved tone mapping and spatial noise reduction compared to the C52. Multiple C55 ISPs can be combined to support higher than 48 megapixel resolutions.

Comparison

The Lima, Panfrost and Panthor FOSS drivers

On January 21, 2012, Phoronix reported that Luc Verhaegen was driving a reverse-engineering attempt aimed at the Mali series of GPUs, specifically the Mali 200 and Mali 400 versions. The project was known as Lima and targeted support for OpenGL ES 2.0. [155] The reverse-engineering project was presented at FOSDEM, February 4, 2012, [156] [157] followed by the opening of a website [158] demonstrating some renders. On February 2, 2013, Verhaegen demonstrated Quake III Arena in timedemo mode, running on top of the Lima driver. [159] In May 2018, a Lima developer posted the driver for inclusion in the Linux kernel. [160] In May 2019, the Lima driver became part of the mainline Linux kernel. [161] The Mesa userspace counterpart was merged at the same time. It currently supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0 and parts of Desktop OpenGL 2.1, and the fallback emulation in MESA provides full support for graphical desktop environments. [162]

Panfrost is a reverse-engineered driver effort for Mali Txxx (Midgard) and Gxx (Bifrost) GPUs. Introducing Panfrost [163] talk was presented at X.Org Developer's Conference 2018. As of May 2019, the Panfrost driver is part of the mainline Linux kernel. [164] and MESA. Panfrost supports OpenGL ES 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1, as well as OpenGL 3.1. [165]

Later Collabora has developed [166] panthor driver for G310, G510, G710 GPUs.

See also

Related Research Articles

PowerVR is a division of Imagination Technologies that develops hardware and software for 2D and 3D rendering, and for video encoding, decoding, associated image processing and DirectX, OpenGL ES, OpenVG, and OpenCL acceleration. PowerVR also develops AI accelerators called Neural Network Accelerator (NNA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free and open-source graphics device driver</span> Software that controls computer-graphics hardware

A free and open-source graphics device driver is a software stack which controls computer-graphics hardware and supports graphics-rendering application programming interfaces (APIs) and is released under a free and open-source software license. Graphics device drivers are written for specific hardware to work within a specific operating system kernel and to support a range of APIs used by applications to access the graphics hardware. They may also control output to the display if the display driver is part of the graphics hardware. Most free and open-source graphics device drivers are developed by the Mesa project. The driver is made up of a compiler, a rendering API, and software which manages access to the graphics hardware.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ray-tracing hardware</span> Type of 3D graphics accelerator

Ray-tracing hardware is special-purpose computer hardware designed for accelerating ray tracing calculations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMD APU</span> Series of microprocessors by AMD

AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), formerly known as Fusion, is a series of 64-bit microprocessors from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), combining a general-purpose AMD64 central processing unit (CPU) and 3D integrated graphics processing unit (IGPU) on a single die.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tegra</span> System on a chip by Nvidia

Tegra is a system on a chip (SoC) series developed by Nvidia for mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants, and mobile Internet devices. The Tegra integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), northbridge, southbridge, and memory controller onto one package. Early Tegra SoCs are designed as efficient multimedia processors. The Tegra-line evolved to emphasize performance for gaming and machine learning applications without sacrificing power efficiency, before taking a drastic shift in direction towards platforms that provide vehicular automation with the applied "Nvidia Drive" brand name on reference boards and its semiconductors; and with the "Nvidia Jetson" brand name for boards adequate for AI applications within e.g. robots or drones, and for various smart high level automation purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intel Graphics Technology</span> Series of integrated graphics processors by Intel

Intel Graphics Technology (GT) is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics and renamed in 2017 as Intel UHD Graphics.

Rockchip is a Chinese fabless semiconductor company based in Fuzhou, Fujian province. It has offices in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Hong Kong. It designs system on a chip (SoC) products, using the ARM architecture licensed from ARM Holdings for the majority of its projects.

Intel Quick Sync Video is Intel's brand for its dedicated video encoding and decoding hardware core. Quick Sync was introduced with the Sandy Bridge CPU microarchitecture on 9 January 2011 and has been found on the die of Intel CPUs ever since.

Graphics Core Next (GCN) is the codename for a series of microarchitectures and an instruction set architecture that were developed by AMD for its GPUs as the successor to its TeraScale microarchitecture. The first product featuring GCN was launched on January 9, 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GeForce 800M series</span> Series of GPUs by Nvidia

The GeForce 800M series is a family of graphics processing units by Nvidia for laptop PCs. It consists of rebrands of mobile versions of the GeForce 700 series and some newer chips that are lower end compared to the rebrands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pascal (microarchitecture)</span> GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia

Pascal is the codename for a GPU microarchitecture developed by Nvidia, as the successor to the Maxwell architecture. The architecture was first introduced in April 2016 with the release of the Tesla P100 (GP100) on April 5, 2016, and is primarily used in the GeForce 10 series, starting with the GeForce GTX 1080 and GTX 1070, which were released on May 27, 2016, and June 10, 2016, respectively. Pascal was manufactured using TSMC's 16 nm FinFET process, and later Samsung's 14 nm FinFET process.

High Efficiency Video Coding implementations and products covers the implementations and products of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple A9</span> System on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc.

The Apple A9 is a 64-bit ARM-based system-on-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. Manufactured for Apple by both TSMC and Samsung, it first appeared in the iPhone 6s and 6s Plus which were introduced on September 9, 2015. Apple states that it has 70% more CPU performance and 90% more graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A8. On September 12, 2018, the iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus along with the first-generation iPhone SE was discontinued, ending production of A9 chips. The latest software updates for the iPhone 6s & 6s Plus including the iPhone SE variants systems using this chip are iOS 15.8.3, released around August, 2024, as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 16 in 2022, and for the iPad using this chip was iPadOS 16.7.10, also released on September 3, 2024, as it was discontinued with the release of iPadOS 17 in 2023.

Ice Lake is Intel's codename for the 10th generation Intel Core mobile and 3rd generation Xeon Scalable server processors based on the Sunny Cove microarchitecture. Ice Lake represents an Architecture step in Intel's process–architecture–optimization model. Produced on the second generation of Intel's 10 nm process, 10 nm+, Ice Lake is Intel's second microarchitecture to be manufactured on the 10 nm process, following the limited launch of Cannon Lake in 2018. However, Intel altered their naming scheme in 2020 for the 10 nm process. In this new naming scheme, Ice Lake's manufacturing process is called simply 10 nm, without any appended pluses.

Ampere is the codename for a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia as the successor to both the Volta and Turing architectures. It was officially announced on May 14, 2020 and is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apple A13</span> System on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc.

The Apple A13 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series. It appears in the iPhone 11, 11 Pro/Pro Max, the iPad, the iPhone SE and the Studio Display. Apple states that the two high performance cores are 20% faster with 30% lower power consumption than the Apple A12's, and the four high efficiency cores are 20% faster with 30% lower power consumption than the A12's.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intel Xe</span> Intel GPU architecture

Intel Xe, earlier known unofficially as Gen12, is a GPU architecture developed by Intel.

Rocket Lake is Intel's codename for its 11th generation Core microprocessors. Released on March 30, 2021, it is based on the new Cypress Cove microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove backported to Intel's 14 nm process node. Rocket Lake cores contain significantly more transistors than Skylake-derived Comet Lake cores.

The ARM Cortex-X2 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv9-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Austin design centre as part of ARM's Cortex-X Custom (CXC) program. It forms part of Arm's Total Compute Solutions 2021 (TCS21) along with Arm's Cortex-A710, Cortex-A510, Mali-G710 and CoreLink CI-700/NI-700.

The ARM Cortex-A715 is the second generation ARMv9 "big" Cortex CPU. Compared to its predecessor the Cortex-A710 the Cortex-A715 CPU is noted for having a 20% increase in power efficiency, and 5% improvement in performance. The Cortex-A715 shows comparable performance to the previous generation Cortex-X1 CPU. This generation of chips starting with the A715 drops native 32-bit support. It forms part of Arm's Total Compute Solutions 2022 (TCS22) along with Arm's Cortex-X3, Cortex-A510, Arm Immortalis-G715 and CoreLink CI-700/NI-700.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Smith, Ryan (July 3, 2014). "ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  2. ↑ "News". Arm.
  3. ↑ Freddi Jeffries (2016-06-17). "Happy 10th Birthday Mali!". community.arm.com. Arm Limited . Retrieved 2021-12-19.
  4. 1 2 "Gaming Performance Unleashed with Arm's new GPUs - Announcements - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community". community.arm.com. 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  5. ↑ "New Programmable Mali200 IP Core From Falanx Microsystems Delivers PC-level Graphics Quality for Mobile Devices".
  6. 1 2 https://static.docs.arm.com/dui0363/d/DUI0363D_opengl_es_app_dev_guide.pdf [ dead link ]
  7. ↑ Smith, Ryan (July 3, 2014). "A Brief History of Mali - ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored". AnandTech. Archived from the original on Oct 28, 2022.
  8. ↑ "ARM Mali GPU Makes Advanced Graphics a Reality for All Consumers". ARM. 22 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-10-13.
  9. ↑ "ARM intros new Mali-T604 GPU, touts 5x more performance". TechSpot. 2010-11-10. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  10. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "ARM's Mali-T658 GPU in 2013, Up to 10x Faster than Mali-400". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  11. ↑ "ARM Mali-T604 Overview". community.arm.com. 2013-08-07. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  12. ↑ "ARM Mali-T604: New GPU & Architecture For Highest Performance & Flexibility". community.arm.com. 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  13. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  14. ↑ "Killing Pixels - A New Optimization for Shading on ARM Mali GPUs". community.arm.com. 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  15. ↑ "Introducing the ARM Mali-T700 GPU series: Innovated to (efficiently) power the next generation of devices". community.arm.com. 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  16. ↑ "Mali GPU: An Abstract Machine - Frame Pipelining". community.arm.com. 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  17. ↑ "Mali GPU: An Abstract Machine: Tile-based Rendering". community.arm.com. 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  18. ↑ "Mali GPU: An abstract machine - the midgard shader core". community.arm.com. 2014-03-12. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  19. ↑ "Mali-T880 is set to Deliver the Premium Mobile Experience of 2016". community.arm.com. 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  20. ↑ "Mali-G71: ARM's Most Powerful, Scalable, Efficient GPU". community.arm.com. 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  21. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Unveils Next Generation Bifrost GPU Architecture & Mali-G71: The New High-End Mali". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  22. ↑ "Mali-G72 new high performance GPU from Arm". community.arm.com. 2017-05-29. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  23. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-G72: Bifrost Refined for the High-End SoC". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  24. ↑ "Mali-G76: Taking High-End Graphics To The Next Level". community.arm.com. 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  25. ↑ Smith, Ryan; Frumusanu, Andrei (May 31, 2018). "Arm Announces Mali-G76 GPU: Scaling up Bifrost". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  26. ↑ "Introducing Arm Mali-G77 GPU with Valhall architecture". community.arm.com. 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  27. ↑ "Mali-G77". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  28. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm's New Mali-G77 & Valhall GPU Architecture: A Major Leap". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  29. ↑ "True Immersive Entertainment through Arm Mali-G78 GPU". community.arm.com. 2020-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  30. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces The Mali-G78 GPU: Evolution to 24 Cores". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  31. ↑ "Mali-G78". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  32. ↑ "New Arm Mali GPUs for all consumer compute markets". community.arm.com. 2021-05-25. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  33. ↑ "Mali-G710 developer overview". community.arm.com. 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  34. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces New Mali-G710, G610, G510 & G310 Mobile GPU Families". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  35. ↑ "Arm Immortalis-G715 Developer Overview". community.arm.com. 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  36. ↑ "Documentation – Arm Developer". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  37. ↑ "Arm Immortalis-G715 deep dive: Ray tracing graphics for mobile". Android Authority. 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  38. ↑ "Arm GPUs built on new 5th Gen GPU architecture - Announcements - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community". community.arm.com. 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  39. ↑ "5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  40. ↑ "TCS23: The complete platform for consumer computing - Announcements - Arm Community blogs - Arm Community". community.arm.com. 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  41. ↑ "Immortalis-G720". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  42. ↑ "Initial support for ARM Mali Display Controller". Linux kernel mailing list. 2016-04-01.
  43. ↑ "DRM: Add support for the ARM HDLCD display controller [LWN.net]".
  44. ↑ "Documentation – Arm Developer". developer.arm.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  45. 1 2 Tsai, Alan (2012). "OpenGL and OpenGL ES" (PDF). Khronos Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on Apr 27, 2023.
  46. ↑ "ARM Heralds New Era In Embedded Graphics With Next-Generation Mali GPU". Archived from the original on 2016-08-11.
  47. ↑ "Mali-T658 GPU Extends Graphics And GPU Compute Leadership For High Performance Devices". Archived from the original on 2016-08-11.
  48. ↑ "ARM Targets 580 Million Mid-Range Mobile Devices with New Suite of IP". Archived from the original on 2016-08-12.
  49. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs". AnandTech. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  50. ↑ "The Samsung Exynos 7420 Deep Dive – Inside A Modern 14nm SoC". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
  51. 1 2 3 depending on number of shader core groups
  52. ↑ "Mali GPU: An abstract machine part 3 – The midgard shader core". Arm Community. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  53. ↑ "Vulkan – Mali Developer Center". ARM. Archived from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  54. ↑ Supported as of June 2016 with r12p0 userspace driver
  55. ↑ "Mali-G31 GPU". ARM Developer. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  56. ↑ "The Khronos Group". The Khronos Group. 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  57. ↑ Lynch, Doug (31 October 2016). "ARM announces their second Bifrost GPU – the Mali-G51". XDA Developers. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  58. ↑ "Mali-G51". developer.arm.com.
  59. ↑ "Mali-G71". Arm Developer. Archived from the original on Nov 29, 2023.
  60. ↑ "The Mali GPU: An Abstract Machine, Part 4 – The Bifrost Shader Core". Arm Community. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  61. ↑ "The Exynos 9810 – Introducing Meerkat". AnandTech. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
  62. ↑ "MediaTek Dimensity 700". MediaTek. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  63. ↑ "5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture".
  64. ↑ "Resources and Information" (PDF). ww16.heterogeneouscompute.org. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  65. ↑ http://www.chipdesignmag.com/pallab/2011/06/30/arm-mali-gpu-unifying-graphics-across-platforms/ Archived 2017-02-14 at the Wayback Machine Heterogeneous Computing
  66. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia". Arm. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  67. ↑ "A10". Allwinner Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
  68. ↑ "A10s". Allwinner Technology. Archived from the original on 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
  69. ↑ "A13". Allwinner Technology. Archived from the original on 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2012-12-13.
  70. ↑ "A64". Linux-sunxi community. November 27, 2019. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
  71. ↑ "AllWinner Publishes A31 and A20 Processors Details". CNXSoft. December 9, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  72. 1 2 3 4 "Hardware". 2012-02-08. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  73. ↑ Aufranc (CNXSoft), Jean-Luc (2020-12-28). "Amlogic S905X3 vs S905X4 - Features Comparisons - CNX Software". CNX Software - Embedded Systems News. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
  74. ↑ "Upgraded 4K Chromecast with Google TV set to launch soon with improved hardware". TechSpot. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
  75. ↑ Pandey, Rajesh (2023-09-19). "Next-gen Android TV boxes could pack all the right upgrades". Android Police. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
  76. ↑ "Baikal-M". Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2018-06-02.
  77. ↑ "LC1810". Leadcore. Archived from the original on 2015-01-27. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  78. ↑ "LC1811". Leadcore. Archived from the original on 2015-01-26. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  79. ↑ "LC1813". Leadcore. Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  80. ↑ "LC1913". Leadcore. Archived from the original on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  81. ↑ "MediaTek MT5596 Digital TV". 2019-08-27.
  82. ↑ "Mediatek MT8127". Archived from the original on November 15, 2014.
  83. ↑ "MediaTek MT6753 datasheet | Processor Specs | PhoneDB".
  84. ↑ Hinum, Klaus. "ARM Mali-T760 MP2". Notebookcheck.
  85. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity". MediaTek. 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  86. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity". MediaTek. 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  87. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity". MediaTek. 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  88. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity". MediaTek. 2018-03-26. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
  89. ↑ "MediaTek Helio Smartphones, IoT, Automotive & Connectivity". MediaTek. 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  90. ↑ "NetLogic Au1300". Archived from the original on 2012-02-21. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  91. ↑ "RMI Au1300 Press release".
  92. ↑ cnxsoft (2017-06-07). "Realtek RTD1296 STB/Media NAS SoC Coming Soon with Multiple Ethernet Ports, Dual SATA, HDMI 2.0 Input and Output". CNXSoft – Embedded Systems News. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
  93. ↑ "Filla Sapphire 7 Product Specification". Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  94. ↑ "News". Arm. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  95. ↑ http://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/28nm-quad-core-era-rk3188-144500035.html [ permanent dead link ]
  96. ↑ "Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司". www.rock-chips.com. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  97. ↑ "Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司". www.rock-chips.com. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  98. ↑ Aufranc, Jean-Luc (2019-04-24). "RK3588 8K Arm Cortex-A76/A55 SoC, Rockchip Roadmap to 2020". CNXSoft – Embedded Systems News. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
  99. ↑ "Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司".
  100. ↑ (in English) ARM Powered Smartphone Sets New Graphics Benchmark Archived 2013-01-06 at the Wayback Machine on ARM blog
  101. ↑ "Samsung Confirms Mali is in the Exynos 5250 Processor – ARM Community". Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
  102. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "Samsung Announces Exynos 8895 SoC: 10nm, Mali G71MP20, & LPDDR4x" . Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  103. ↑ Humrick, Matt. "Samsung Galaxy S8 Showdown: Exynos 8895 vs. Snapdragon 835, Performance & Battery Life Tested" . Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  104. ↑ "Exynos 7 Series 9610 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos". Samsung Semiconductor. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  105. ↑ "Samsung Honored for Outstanding Design and Engineering with 36 CES 2018 Innovation Awards". news.samsung.com. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  106. ↑ "Hardkernel ODROID-E7 development board". Archived from the original on March 15, 2012.
  107. ↑ "Sigma Designs announces HEVC capable SMP8750 family". Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  108. ↑ "Socle Leopard-6 SoC". www.socle-tech.com.tw. Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  109. ↑ Spreadtrum SC8819 Archived 2014-12-04 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ↑ ST-Ericsson NovaThor product page Archived 2012-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
  111. ↑ STMicro SPEAr1340 Archived 2012-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ↑ STMicro STi7108 Press release
  113. ↑ STMicro STiH416 Press release
  114. ↑ 2010, ARM Limited: TCC8900 development board Archived 2011-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
  115. ↑ "WonderMedia Prizm WM8950 Press release". Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  116. ↑ "Hardware.Info Nederland". nl.hardware.info (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  117. ↑ "Surge S1 – Xiaomi" . Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  118. ↑ "Surge S2 – Xiaomi" . Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  119. ↑ Lal Shimpi, Anand (2 June 2013). "ARM MaliT622 V500 Video Block Complement Cortex A12". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  120. ↑ Smith, Ryan (27 October 2014). "ARM Announces Mali V550 Video Processor and Mali P550 Display Processor". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  121. ↑ Sims, Gary (27 October 2014). "Mali-T860 GPU headlines new range of integrated media designs from ARM". Android Authority. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  122. ↑ Smith, Ryan (16 June 2016). "ARM Announces Mali Egil Video Processor". Anandtech.com. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  123. ↑ Smith, Ryan (31 October 2016). "ARM Announces Mali-G51 Mainstream GPU, Mali-V-61 Video Processing Block". Anandtech. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  124. ↑ Walrath, Josh (16 June 2016). "ARM Introduces Egil Video Processor: 4K 120 Hz the Top!". TechReport.com. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  125. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-V61 – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2017-10-14.
  126. ↑ Wiggers, Kyle (6 March 2018). "ARM Introduces the Mali-G52/G31 GPUs and the Mali-D51 Display and Mali-V52 Video Processors". Xda Developers. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  127. ↑ Tyson, Mark (7 March 2018). "Arm launches Mali-G52 and Mali-G31 mainstream GPUs". Hexus. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  128. ↑ "Arm Introduces Mali-G52 & Mali-G31 GPUs, Mali-D51 Display Processor, and Mali-V52 Video Processor for Mainstream Devices". 6 March 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  129. 1 2 Smith, Ryan (31 May 2018). "ARM Announces Mail-V76 Video Processor". Anandtech. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  130. ↑ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "ARM Mali-T622 & V500 Video Block Complement Cortex A12" . Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  131. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-V550 Video Processor & Mali-DP550 Display Processor" . Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  132. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-G51 Mainstream GPU, Mali-V-61 Video Processing Block" . Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  133. ↑ "Mali-G52". developer.arm.com.
  134. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Mali D77 Display Processor: Facilitating AR & VR". AnandTech. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
  135. ↑ "Is the future as good as it used to be?". Arm Community. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  136. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali Display Processors – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  137. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-DP550 – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  138. ↑ "ARM enables power efficient, enhanced visual experiences on 2.5K and 4K mobile devices with the Mali-DP650 Display Processor". Arm Community. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  139. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-DP650 – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  140. ↑ "Mali-D71 and the Next Generation Display Solution". Arm Community. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  141. ↑ Oh, Nate. "Arm Announces New Mali-D71 Display Processor and IP Blocks" . Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  142. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-D71 – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  143. ↑ "Introducing the Arm Mali-D77 Display Processor for VR – Graphics and Gaming blog – Graphics and Gaming". Arm Community. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  144. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces Mali D77 Display Processor: Facilitating AR & VR". Anandtech. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
  145. ↑ Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm Announces New Ethos-N57 and N37 NPUs, Mali-G57 Valhall GPU and Mali-D37 DPU". Anandtech. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
  146. ↑ Smith, Ryan. "ARM Announces Mali-C71: Their First Automotive-Grade Image Signal Processor" . Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  147. ↑ "Mali-C71 driving image processing for automotive". Arm Community. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  148. ↑ "Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali Camera – Arm Developer". ARM Developer. Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
  149. ↑ "A sharper digital eye for intelligent devices". Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  150. ↑ "New Arm technologies enable safety-capable computing solutions for an autonomous future". Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  151. ↑ "Arm Mali-C71AE: High performance ISP with advanced safety". Arm Community. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  152. 1 2 "Arm introduces new image signal processor to advance vision systems for IoT and embedded markets". Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  153. ↑ "Arm Mali-C55: Image processing with smallest silicon area and highest performance - Internet of Things (IoT) blog". Arm Community. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  154. ↑ "New Arm technologies enable safety-capable computing solutions for an autonomous future". Arm Ltd. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  155. ↑ "Announcing The Lima Open-Source GPU Driver". www.phoronix.com. January 27, 2012. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  156. ↑ "An Open-Source, Reverse-Engineered Mali GPU Driver". www.phoronix.com. January 27, 2012. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  157. ↑ "Liberating ARM's Mali GPU". FOSDEM. January 21, 2012. Archived 2012-01-27 at the Wayback Machine
  158. ↑ "limadriver". 2012-02-07. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  159. ↑ "Quake 3 Arena timedemo on top of the lima driver!" Archived 2013-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
  160. ↑ "Lima DRM driver". lwn.net. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  161. ↑ "Linux 5.2 DRM Makes Icelake Production-Ready, Adds Lima & Panfrost Drivers". www.phoronix.com. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  162. ↑ "Lima". The Mesa 3D Graphics Library. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
  163. ↑ Rosenzweig, Alyssa; Abbott, Connor; Paul, Lyude; BiOpen. "Panfrost: A reverse engineered FOSS driver for Mali Midgard and Bifrost GPUs" (PDF).
  164. ↑ "kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". git.kernel.org. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  165. ↑ "Panfrost". The Mesa 3D Graphics Library. Retrieved 2022-07-05.
  166. ↑ "Release the panthor!".
  167. ↑ "AMD and Samsung Announce Strategic Partnership in Ultra Low Power, High Performance Graphics Technologies" (Press release). Seoul, South Korea & Santa Clara, California, USA. 2019-06-03.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.