Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research

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Landcare Research
Manaaki Whenua (Māori)
New lcr logo 200.png
Landcare Research logo
Agency overview
Headquarters Lincoln, Christchurch
Agency executives
Website www.landcareresearch.co.nz

Landcare Research (Māori: Manaaki Whenua) is a New Zealand Crown Research Institute whose focus of research is the environment, biodiversity, and sustainability.

Contents

History

Manaaki Whenua was originally part of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), but was established as an independent organisation when the Crown Research Institutes were created in 1992. As part of that process, it was semi-commercialised, and now operates as a government-owned company rather than as a government department. The commercialisation has led to greater emphasis on financial viability, and Manaaki Whenua is employed by various private groups to provide advice and information. It is currently chaired by Board Chair Colin Dawson. [1]

Locations

The main site is in Lincoln, near Christchurch. There are also other sites at Auckland on the Tamaki campus of Auckland University, Hamilton, Palmerston North, Wellington, and Dunedin.

Collections

Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research holds several collections of organisms that are of significant national importance to New Zealand. Detailed information on all the specimens can be found though the Systematics Collections Data (SCD) website.

International collection of microorganisms from plants

The International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants in Auckland holds live bacterial and fungal specimens that are preserved under liquid nitrogen or in freeze dried ampoules. Currently there are over 20,000 specimens in the collection. [2]

New Zealand Fungarium (PDD)

Located in Auckland the New Zealand Fungarium (PDD) Te Kohinga Hekaheka o Aotearoa, contains 109,584 dried fungal specimens, including all the New Zealand fungal type species. [3] This represents one of the most extensive compilations on the national fungal biota of any country.

New Zealand Arthropod Collection

The New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC) or Ko te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa in Māori. The NZAC has over 6 million specimens (1 million pinned and 5 million preserved in fluid) and has the most complete coverage of terrestrial invertebrates of all the collections held in New Zealand. In addition to its fundamental value to the science of taxonomy and systematics, the collection underpins quarantine and border control decisions (e.g., verifying the presence or absence of species in New Zealand); and contributes to listings of threatened insect species. The NZAC is held at Landcare Research's Tamaki site.

National Nematode Collection of New Zealand

The National Nematode Collection of New Zealand (NNCNZ) contains thousands of nematode specimens. It is contained within the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

Allan Herbarium

The Allan Herbarium (CHR) Te Kohinga Tipu o Aotearoa at Lincoln, contains species from around the world but specialises in plants (indigenous and exotic) of the New Zealand region and the Pacific. It also has specialist collections of seed, fruit, wood, plant leaf cuticle, liquid-preserved specimens, and microscope slides. The oldest samples are the 91 duplicate specimens collected by Banks and Solander during Captain Cook's first voyage to New Zealand in 1769–1770.

There are currently over 550,000 specimens in the Allan Herbarium with 5,000–8,000 being added annually. Two-thirds of the specimens are of indigenous plants with the remainder divided between naturalised, cultivated, and foreign specimens. It was named for Harry Allan CBE , to acknowledge his contributions to New Zealand botany.

National New Zealand Flax Collection

Manaaki Whenua is kaitiaki of an ethnobotanical collection of traditional weaving varieties of harakeke (NZ flax, Phormium spp.) donated by Rene Orchiston of Gisborne. The 50 harakeke were selected long ago from natural stands and cultivated by Māori weavers for their special leaf and fibre properties. There are varieties specially suited to making kete, whariki, piupiu and cloaks.

Research

Science includes research into the processes that maintain New Zealand's ecosystems, enable natural flora, fauna and fungi to flourish, and protect soil and catchments for a range of production and other purposes. The impacts of disruption to ecosystems; biosecurity risks from foreign weeds, pests and micro-organisms; and contamination to land, water and air caused by the production of natural, manufactured or waste compounds are investigated. Research is also undertaken to develop tools to help mitigate inefficient resource use and excess waste, and systems designed to improve resource use productivity, lifestyle and business viability. Research focuses on six key areas:

Base camp for the 2005 Auckland BioBlitz BioBlitz Auckland 2005.jpg
Base camp for the 2005 Auckland BioBlitz
Dr Peter Buchanan, organiser of the Auckland 2004 and 2005 BioBlitzes Peter Buchanan.jpg
Dr Peter Buchanan, organiser of the Auckland 2004 and 2005 BioBlitzes

BioBlitz

Manaaki Whenua has organised several BioBlitz events – a survey of all species in a given area. The first New Zealand BioBlitz was held in the Auckland suburb of St Heliers on 30 April – 1 May 2004; in a remnant of native forest at Dingle Dell reserve, 925 separate species were found, and 631 species were found in a native bush gully at Meadowbank Primary School. A second BioBlitz in the Auckland Domain on 12–13 March 2005 found 1575 distinct species. Another BioBlitz occurred at Hagley Park in Christchurch on 8–9 April; here 1197 species were found. In 2006, BioBlitz was held in Hamilton; this event uncovered 948 species. [4]

People

The following people are associated with Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research:

Governance positions

Researchers

see https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/about-us/our-people/

See also

https://www.toitu.co.nz/

Related Research Articles

Haumia-tiketike is the god of all uncultivated vegetative food in Māori mythology. He is particularly associated with the starchy rhizome of the Pteridium esculentum, which became a major element of the Māori diet in former times. He contrasts with Rongo, the god of kūmara and all cultivated food plants.

<i>Podocarpus totara</i> Species of conifer

Podocarpus totara, also known as the tōtara, is a species of podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows throughout the North Island, South Island and rarely on Stewart Island / Rakiura in lowland, montane and lower subalpine forest at elevations of up to 600 m.

Francis John Newhook was the head of the School of Plant Pathology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He was the first plant pathologist at the university, from 1966 as an Associate Professor, and from 1969 a personal chair. Previously he was a scientist at the DSIR.

<i>Pseudopanax crassifolius</i> Species of tree

Pseudopanax crassifolius, also known as horoeka or lancewood, is a heteroblastic tree belonging to the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand and found throughout the country from sea level up to about 750 m in lowland to montane shrublands and forests.

<i>Pennantia baylisiana</i> Species of flowering plant endemic to New Zealand

Pennantia baylisiana, commonly known as Three Kings kaikōmako or kaikōmako manawatāwhi (Māori), is a species of plant in the family Pennantiaceae. It is endemic to Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands, around 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Cape Reinga, New Zealand. At the time of its discovery just one plant remained. This single tree grows on a scree slope inaccessible to browsing goats, and has been called "the world's loneliest tree". The species was discovered in 1945 by botanist Geoff Baylis and described in 1948, although it took decades before it was it was fully accepted as a distinct species of Pennantia. Although the only wild tree is female, it was successfully propagated from cuttings in the 1950s, one of which was induced to self-pollinate in 1985. Subsequent seed-grown plants have themselves set seeds, and the species has been replanted on the island, the adjoining mainland, and in public and private gardens around New Zealand.

<i>Phormium tenax</i> Species of flowering plant

Phormium tenax is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. The plant grows as a clump of long, straplike leaves, up to two metres long, from which arises a much taller flowering shoot, with dramatic yellow or red flowers.

<i>Armillaria limonea</i> Species of fungus

Armillaria limonea is a species of mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. This plant pathogen species is one of four Armillaria species that have been identified in Aotearoa New Zealand the others are A. novae-zelandiae,A. hinnulea, A. aotearoa).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand Arthropod Collection</span>

The New Zealand Arthropod Collection is a collection of terrestrial invertebrates held by Maanaki Whenua – Landcare Research in Auckland, New Zealand. It specialises in the taxonomy and identification of indigenous and exotic invertebrate species in New Zealand, and is one of New Zealand's Nationally Significant Collections and Databases.

<i>Izatha balanophora</i> Species of moth

Izatha balanophora is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is widespread in the North Island. Larvae live off the dead bark of kānuka. The adult moths are on the wing during December to March.

<i>Plagianthus divaricatus</i> Species of shrub

Plagianthus divaricatus or saltmarsh ribbonwood is a plant that is endemic to New Zealand. The Māori name is makaka. Other common names it is known by marsh ribbonwood, Houi and Runa.

<i>Elatostema rugosum</i> Species of flowering plant

Elatostema rugosum is an herbaceous dicot that is considered to be a groundcover. It is commonly called parataniwha, paratāniwhaniwha, New Zealand begonia, and begonia fern. It tends to grow in large masses. Although it has hairs and is in the nettle family, it does not possess any stinging hairs.

<i>Myrsine divaricata</i> Species of shrub

Myrsine divaricata also known as weeping māpou or weeping matipo, is a small tree up to 4 metres (13 ft) tall or often a shrub. It has a strongly divaricating habit with interlaced branches. The woody parts are stiff and pubescent when young. The small leathery simple leaves are borne on short petioles and may be slightly two lobed at the end. The very small yellow or reddish flowers may be borne singly or in small groups which mature into small purple, occasionally white, fruit.

<i>Pimelea actea</i> Species of flowering plant

Pimelea actea is a small coastal plant native to New Zealand. It was named and described by Colin J. Burrows in 2008 as part of a revision of the New Zealand Pimelea, a project he had begun as a Master's thesis in the 1950s and continued in his retirement. Burrows described the species, which for some time had been referred to as Pimelea "Turakina", from a specimen collected in 1968, now in the Auckland Museum. Its species name, actea, means "coastal".

<i>Notoreas isomoera</i> Species of moth

Notoreas isomoera is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.

The New Zealand Nationally Significant Collections and Databases (NSCDs) are government-funded biological and physical collections or databases that are considered important and significant to New Zealand.

Riria Smith was a master in traditional Māori weaving from Northland in New Zealand. She was affiliated to the iwi Ngāti Kurī and the hapū Pohutiare of Te Aupōuri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Priscilla Wehi</span> New Zealand ethnobiologist

Priscilla M. Wehi is a New Zealand ethnobiologist and conservation biologist. As at July 2021 she is an associate professor at the University of Otago and on the first of that month officially undertook the role of director of Te Pūnaha Matatini, a centre of research excellence in complex systems and data analytics. During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand Te Pūnaha Matatini scientists have developed mathematical models of the spread of the virus across the country that influence the New Zealand government's response to the outbreak. In 2021 Wehi was awarded the Hill Tinsley Medal.

The New Zealand Fungarium (PDD): Te Kohinga Hekaheka o Aotearoa is the major collection of fungi from Aotearoa. It is one of the largest collections in the Southern Hemisphere. The Fungarium is designated a Nationally Significant Collection by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.

References

  1. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Retrieved 1 August 2024. Archived 27 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP)". Landcare Research. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
  3. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, 2023 Annual Report Part 01. ISSN 1172-7942.
  4. ‘BioBlitz’ Finding Nature in the City Archived 21 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine , Manaaki Whenua BioBlitz web pages, accessed 28 March 2008.

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