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The Firmicutes are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. A few, however, such as Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Selenomonas and Zymophilus, have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain gram-negative. Scientists once classified the Firmicutes to include all gram-positive bacteria, but have recently defined them to be of a core group of related forms called the low-G+C group, in contrast to the Actinobacteria. They have round cells, called cocci, or rod-like forms (bacillus).
Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis. Bacilli are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria.
Chrysiogenaceae is a bacterial family.
The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Firmicutes, including Clostridium and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by lacking aerobic respiration. They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class Clostridia are often but not always Gram-positive and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a monophyletic group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.
Oceanospirillaceae is a family of Proteobacteria. Most genera in this family live in environments with high concentrations of salt; they are halotolerant or halophilic. They are marine, except Balneatrix which is found in fresh water.
Archaeoglobaceae are a family of the Archaeoglobales. All known genera within the Archaeoglobaceae are hyperthermophilic and can be found near undersea hydrothermal vents. Archaeoglobaceae are the only family in the order Archaeoglobales, which is the only order in the class Archaeoglobi.
The family Micrococcaceae includes bacterial genera of Gram positive cocci that inhabit the air and skin, such as Micrococcus luteus.
The Bifidobacteriaceae are the only family of bacteria, in the order of Bifidobacteriales. According to the 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 published by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project, the order Bifidobacteriales is a clade nested within the suborder Micrococcineae, also the genus Bifidobacterium is paraphyletic to the other genera within the family, i.e. the other genera are nested within Bifidobacterium.
The Coriobacteriaceae are a family of Actinobacteria, given their own subclass (Coriobacteridae). The family Coriobacteriaceae has been shown to increase significantly in the ceca of mice in response to stress.
Rubrobacter is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own subclass (Rubrobacteridae). It is radiotolerant and may rival Deinococcus radiodurans in this regard.
The Halanaerobiales are an order of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia, and encompassing two families, the Halanaerobiaceae and the Halobacteroidaceae. Originally placed within the highly polyphyletic class Clostridia, according to the NCBI and LPSN, it is now thought to lie outside the Firmicutes. Halanaerobiales are halophilic obligate anaerobes with a fermentative or homoacetogenic metabolism.
The Thermoanaerobacterales is a polyphyletic order of bacteria placed within the polyphyletic class Clostridia, and encompassing four families: the Thermoanaerobacteraceae, the Thermodesulfobiaceae, the Thermoanaerobacterales Family III. Incertae Sedis, and the Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV. Incertae Sedis, and various unplaced genera.
The Deltaproteobacteria are a class of Proteobacteria. All species of this group are, like all Proteobacteria, Gram-negative.
The Micrococcineae are a suborder of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are Gram-positive soil organisms, and are also paraphyletic with respect to the suborder Actinomycetineae and order Bifidobacteriales, i.e. the Actinomycetineae and Bifidobacteriales are both nested within the clade Micrococcineae.
The Microbacteriaceae are a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales. They are Gram-positive soil organisms.
The Acidobacteriaceae are a family of Acidobacteria.
Armatimonadetes is a phylum of gram-negative bacteria.
Rubrobacteria is one of five classes of Actinobacteria that contain one order, one family, one genus, and seven species.
The Nitriliruptoria are one of five classes of Actinobacteria, which contains four monotypic genera placed in separate orders.
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