Michael Schick (physicist)

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ISBN 012220316X

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Condensed matter physics</span> Branch of physics

Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons. More generally, the subject deals with condensed phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions among them. More exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at extremely low cryogenic temperatures, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on crystal lattices of atoms, the Bose–Einstein condensates found in ultracold atomic systems, and liquid crystals. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by experiments to measure various material properties, and by applying the physical laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, and other physics theories to develop mathematical models and predict the properties of extremely large groups of atoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phase transition</span> Physical process of transition between basic states of matter

In chemistry, thermodynamics, and other related fields like physics and biology, a phase transition is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fermi liquid theory</span> Theoretical model in physics

Fermi liquid theory is a theoretical model of interacting fermions that describes the normal state of the conduction electrons in most metals at sufficiently low temperatures. The theory describes the behavior of many-body systems of particles in which the interactions between particles may be strong. The phenomenological theory of Fermi liquids was introduced by the Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau in 1956, and later developed by Alexei Abrikosov and Isaak Khalatnikov using diagrammatic perturbation theory. The theory explains why some of the properties of an interacting fermion system are very similar to those of the ideal Fermi gas, and why other properties differ.

In theoretical physics, the term renormalization group (RG) refers to a formal apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different scales. In particle physics, it reflects the changes in the underlying force laws as the energy scale at which physical processes occur varies, energy/momentum and resolution distance scales being effectively conjugate under the uncertainty principle.

In statistical mechanics, a universality class is a collection of mathematical models which share a single scale-invariant limit under the process of renormalization group flow. While the models within a class may differ dramatically at finite scales, their behavior will become increasingly similar as the limit scale is approached. In particular, asymptotic phenomena such as critical exponents will be the same for all models in the class.

In physics, critical phenomena is the collective name associated with the physics of critical points. Most of them stem from the divergence of the correlation length, but also the dynamics slows down. Critical phenomena include scaling relations among different quantities, power-law divergences of some quantities described by critical exponents, universality, fractal behaviour, and ergodicity breaking. Critical phenomena take place in second order phase transitions, although not exclusively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenneth G. Wilson</span> American theoretical physicist (1936–2013)

Kenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in leveraging computers for studying particle physics. He was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on phase transitions—illuminating the subtle essence of phenomena like melting ice and emerging magnetism. It was embodied in his fundamental work on the renormalization group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lattice gauge theory</span> Theory of quantum gauge fields on a lattice

In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lambda point</span>

The lambda point is the temperature at which normal fluid helium makes the transition to superfluid helium II. The lowest pressure at which He-I and He-II can coexist is the vapor−He-I−He-II triple point at 2.1768 K (−270.9732 °C) and 5.0418 kPa (0.049759 atm), which is the "saturated vapor pressure" at that temperature. The highest pressure at which He-I and He-II can coexist is the bcc−He-I−He-II triple point with a helium solid at 1.762 K (−271.388 °C), 29.725 atm (3,011.9 kPa).

Critical exponents describe the behavior of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions. It is believed, though not proven, that they are universal, i.e. they do not depend on the details of the physical system, but only on some of its general features. For instance, for ferromagnetic systems at thermal equilibrium, the critical exponents depend only on:

The λ (lambda) universality class is a group in condensed matter physics. It regroups several systems possessing strong analogies, namely, superfluids, superconductors and smectics. All these systems are expected to belong to the same universality class for the thermodynamic critical properties of the phase transition. While these systems are quite different at the first glance, they all are described by similar formalisms and their typical phase diagrams are identical.

In statistical physics, directed percolation (DP) refers to a class of models that mimic filtering of fluids through porous materials along a given direction, due to the effect of gravity. Varying the microscopic connectivity of the pores, these models display a phase transition from a macroscopically permeable (percolating) to an impermeable (non-percolating) state. Directed percolation is also used as a simple model for epidemic spreading with a transition between survival and extinction of the disease depending on the infection rate.

Quantum dimer models were introduced to model the physics of resonating valence bond (RVB) states in lattice spin systems. The only degrees of freedom retained from the motivating spin systems are the valence bonds, represented as dimers which live on the lattice bonds. In typical dimer models, the dimers do not overlap.

Lattice density functional theory (LDFT) is a statistical theory used in physics and thermodynamics to model a variety of physical phenomena with simple lattice equations.

Franz Joachim Wegner is emeritus professor for theoretical physics at the University of Heidelberg.

Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena is a 20-volume series of books, comprising review articles on phase transitions and critical phenomena, published during 1972-2001. It is "considered the most authoritative series on the topic".

In statistical mechanics, probability theory, graph theory, etc. the random cluster model is a random graph that generalizes and unifies the Ising model, Potts model, and percolation model. It is used to study random combinatorial structures, electrical networks, etc. It is also referred to as the RC model or sometimes the FK representation after its founders Cees Fortuin and Piet Kasteleyn.

Shang-keng Ma was a Chinese theoretical physicist, known for his work on the theory of critical phenomena and random systems. He is known as the co-author with Bertrand Halperin and Pierre Hohenberg of a 1972 paper that "generalized the renormalization group theory to dynamical critical phenomena." Ma is also known as the co-author with Yoseph Imry of a 1975 paper and with Amnon Aharony and Imry of a 1976 paper that established the foundation of the random field Ising model (RFIM)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Germán Sierra</span> Spanish theoretical physicist, author, and academic

Germán Sierra is a Spanish theoretical physicist, author, and academic. He is Professor of Research at the Institute of Theoretical Physics Autonomous University of Madrid-Spanish National Research Council.

Leo Radzihovsky is a Russian American condensed matter physicist and academic serving as a professor of Distinction in Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Michael Schick | Department of Physics | University of Washington". phys.washington.edu.
  2. "Michael Schick". scholar.google.com.
  3. "Soft Matter".
  4. "Obituary for BESSIE SCHICK". The Philadelphia Inquirer. July 5, 1995. p. 22 via newspapers.com.
  5. "Physics Award Recipients".
  6. Campbell, C. E.; Schick, M. (April 1, 1972). "Triangular Lattice Gas". Physical Review A. 5 (4): 1919–1925. Bibcode:1972PhRvA...5.1919C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.5.1919 via APS.
  7. "First and Second-Order Phase Transitions in Potts Models: Renormalization-Group Solution".
  8. Hilhorst, H. J.; Schick, M.; van Leeuwen, J. M. J. (June 19, 1978). "Differential Form of Real-Space Renormalization: Exact Results for Two-Dimensional Ising Models". Physical Review Letters. 40 (25): 1605–1608. Bibcode:1978PhRvL..40.1605H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.1605 via APS.
  9. Pandit, Rahul; Schick, M.; Wortis, Michael (November 1, 1982). "Systematics of multilayer adsorption phenomena on attractive substrates". Physical Review B. 26 (9): 5112–5140. Bibcode:1982PhRvB..26.5112P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.26.5112 via APS.
  10. Matsen, M. W.; Schick, M. (April 18, 1994). "Stable and unstable phases of a diblock copolymer melt". Physical Review Letters. 72 (16): 2660–2663. Bibcode:1994PhRvL..72.2660M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2660. PMID   10055940 via APS.
  11. Müller, M.; Katsov, K.; Schick, M. (2003). "A New Mechanism of Model Membrane Fusion Determined from Monte Carlo Simulation". Biophysical Journal. 85 (3): 1611–1623. arXiv: cond-mat/0212310 . Bibcode:2003BpJ....85.1611M. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74592-5. PMC   1303336 . PMID   12944277.
  12. Schick, M. (March 9, 2012). "Membrane heterogeneity: manifestation of a curvature-induced microemulsion". Physical Review E. 85 (3 Pt 1): 031902. arXiv: 1111.2350 . Bibcode:2012PhRvE..85c1902S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031902. PMID   22587118 via PubMed.
  13. "APS Fellow Archive". www.aps.org.
  14. "AAAS Members Elected as Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)".
Michael Schick
Born
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Occupation(s)Physicist and academic
Academic background
Education B.A., Physics
B.S., Chemical Engineering
PHD, Physics
Alma mater Tufts University
Stanford University