Micropogonias furnieri

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Micropogonias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sciaenidae
Genus: Micropogonias
Species:
M. furnieri
Binomial name
Micropogonias furnieri
(Desmarest, 1823)
Synonyms [2]
  • Corvina adusta Agassiz, 1831
  • Micropogon argenteus Cuvier, 1830
  • Micropogon barretoi MacDonagh, 1934
  • Corvina crawfordi Regan, 1903
  • Umbrina furnieri Desmarest, 1823
  • Micropogon furnieri (Desmarest 1823)
  • Micropogon lineatus Cuvier, 1830
  • Micropogon manni Moreno, 1970
  • Sciaena opercularis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825
  • Micropogon opercularis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
  • Micropogon patagonensis MacDonagh, 1934
  • Sciaena unicirrata Larrañaga, 1923
  • Ophioscion woodwardi Fowler, 1937

Micropogonias furnieri, the whitemouth croaker, golden croaker, hardhead, mangrove snapper, rocandoronco, two-belly bashaw, West Indian croaker, West Indian drum or whitemouth drummer, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the western Atlantic Ocean. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

Micropogonias furnieri was first formally described in 1823 as Umbrina furnieri by the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest with its type locality given as Havana. [2] The genus Micropogonias was originally proposed as a genus in 1830by Georges Cuvier when he described Micropogon lineatus, also from Havana, but that genus name was objectively invalid preoccupied by Micropogon Boie, 1826 in birds. It was subsequently determined that Cuviers' M. lineatus was a synonym of Desmarest's Umbrina furnieri and so this species is the type species of the genus Micropogonias. [4] [5] This species has been placed in the subfamily Micropogoniinae by some workers, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes. [7]

Etymology

Micropogonias furnieri has a specific name which honours a Marcellin Fournier, the who collected specimens in Cuba and who gave Desmarest the type, Desmarest may have dropped the "o" in Fournier's name in error. [8]

Description

Micropogonia furnieri has a slightly compressed, elongate body with a snout that clearly protrudes beyond the moderately large and inferior mouth. The mouth has villiform teeth arranged in bands, with the outer row in the upper jaw being made up of slightly larger teeth than the rest. The chin has 5 pores and between 3 and 5 rather small barbels along the side of the lower jaw but not on the edge. There are 10 pores on the snout with 5 on the front and 5 along the side. The eye is relatively large. The preoperculum has robust serrations along its edge. The dorsal fin is incised with 10 spines in front of the incision and a single spine and between 26 and 30 soft rays after the incision, typically no more than 27. The anal fin is supported by 2 spines, the second spine being robust and half the length of first anal fin ray, and between 7 and 9 soft rays. The caudal fin has a concave edge on its upper and lower lobes separated by an angular point. [9] This species has an overall silver colour on the body with a brown back with dark, vertical streaks running to just below the lateral line. [10] The maximum published total length for the whitemouth croaker is 60 cm (24 in), although 45 cm (18 in) is more typical. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Micropogonia furnieri is found in the western Atlantic Ocean where it occurs in the Gulf of Mexico off Veracruz and northeastern Cuba, through the Caribbean from Cuba southwards and along the coast of Central and South America from southern Belize south to northern Argentina. It is found at depths down to 80 m (260 ft) over muddy and sandy substrates in coastal waters. Juveniles in their first year are found around the mouths of rivers and in estuaries, with the older fish living in deeper coastal areas. These fishes are euryhaline and is able to tolerate disturbanceof its habitat, to some extent. [1]

Biology

Micropogonia furnieri has a diet that varies with age, with newly hatched fish feeding largely on copepods, as they grow they change prey to migratory crustaceans as well as benthic and sessile molluscs. It will feed on a variety of prey when its preferred prey is unavailable., including fishes and polychaetes. They gather in small schools outside the breeding season but form large aggregations in the summer to breed which is when these fish do most of their croaking. This sound can attract predators such as the bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The eggs have an oil which makes the buoyant and they float near the surface. Sexual maturity is reached between 4 months and 2 years old. [10]

Fisheries

Micropogonia furnieri is a target species for fisheries in Colombia and Venezuela, as well as in southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina where it is the most important species for coastal fisheries. It is caught using gill nets and bottom trawls and in southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina over 64,000 tonnes were landed in 2018. Elsewhere it is a bycatch in shrimp trawl fisheries and is often used as bait. [1] It is regarded as an important food fish and the catch is either sold fresh or preserved by salting. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sciaenidae</span> Family of fishes

Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes. They are commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family consists of about 293 to 298 species in about 66 or 67 genera.

<i>Micropogonias</i> Genus of fishes

Micropogonias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.

<i>Cynoscion</i> Genus of fishes

Cynoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family, Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found off the coasts of North and South America in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Many fishes in this genus have been given the common name weakfish.

<i>Pareques acuminatus</i> Species of fish

Pareques acuminatus, commonly known as the high-hat, donkeyfish, cubbyu, Steindachner's ribbonfish, streaked ribbonfish, striped ribbonfish or striped drum, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the genus Pareques in the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Nebris</i> Genus of fishes

Nebris is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. There are two species in the genus, one in the Western Atlantic Ocean and one in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackspotted croaker</span> Species of fish

The blackspotted croaker, also known in Australia as the black jewfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Protonibea.

<i>Umbrina</i> Genus of fishes

Umbrina is a genus of fish from the croaker family Sciaenidae. The genus contains 17 species occurring in tropical and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Western Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific.

<i>Atractoscion</i> Genus of fishes

Atractoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fished belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The fishes in this genus are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Pareques</i> Genus of fishes

Pareques is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the western Atlantic Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Odontoscion dentex</i> Species of fish

Odontoscion dentex, the reef croaker or brown large-eyed croaker, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is found in coral and rocky reefs of the tropical Western Atlantic, living as solitary individuals or in small groups at a depth of 1 to 30 m. This species feeds on small fish, shrimp, and larvae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geelbeck croaker</span> Species of fish

The geelbeck croaker, also known as the African weakfish or Cape salmon, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean off southeastern Africa.

The yellowtail croaker, also known as the yellowtail jewfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean off northern Australia and southern New Guinea. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Austronibea.

<i>Isopisthus</i> Genus of fishes

Isopisthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Johnius dussumieri</i> Species of fish

Johnius dussumieri, the sin croaker, Dussumier's croaker, Dussumier's silver jewfish, sharptooth hammer croaker or whiskered croaker, is a marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This fish is found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Johnius carutta</i> Species of fish

Johnius carutta, the karut croaker or purple jewfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the western Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kathala croaker</span> Species of fish

The kathala croaker is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Indian Ocean off South Asia. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Kathala.

<i>Larimus</i>

Larimus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Odontoscion</i>

Odontoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the croakers and drums. These fishes are found in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Pachypops</i>

Pachypops is a small genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. The three recognised species in the genus are found in South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Half-mourning croaker</span> Species of fish

The half-mourning croaker is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Paranibea. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Aguilera Socorro, O.; Haimovici, M.; Vieira, J.P.; Ruarte, C. & Rico, R. (2021). "Micropogonias furnieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T195076A86367413. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T195076A86367413.en . Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Micropogonias". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Micropogonias furnieri" in FishBase . February 2023 version.
  4. ↑ Labbish Ning Chao (1978). "A basis for classifying western Atlantic Sciaenidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)" (PDF). NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). Circular No. 415.
  5. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  6. ↑ Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
  7. ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  8. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  9. ↑ "Species: Micropogonias furnieri, Whitemouth croaker". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute . Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  10. 1 2 "Micropogonias furnieri (Whitemouth Croaker)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. University of the West Indies. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
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