Millennium Biltmore Hotel

Last updated

The Biltmore Los Angeles
Millenniumbiltmore.jpg
Los Angeles Downtown locator.PNG
Red pog.svg
Location within the Downtown Los Angeles Area
General information
Location Los Angeles, California
Address506 South Grand Avenue, Downtown Los Angeles
Coordinates 34°02′56″N118°15′12″W / 34.048908°N 118.253295°W / 34.048908; -118.253295
Opening1923
Owner Millennium & Copthorne Hotels
DesignatedJuly 2, 1969
Reference no.60
Design and construction
Architect(s) Schultze and Weaver
Developer Biltmore Hotels with John McEntee Bowman
Other information
Number of rooms1,500(originally)
683(2001)
Website
The Biltmore Los Angeles

TheBiltmore Los Angeles, originally the Millennium Biltmore Hotel, is a historic hotel opened in 1923 and located opposite Pershing Square in Downtown Los Angeles, California.

Contents

History

TheBiltmore Los Angeles opened on October 1, 1923. [1] It was developed by the nationwide Bowman-Biltmore Hotels chain. [2] At the time, it was the largest hotel in the United States west of Chicago. [3]

The hotel was sold to nightclub owner Baron Long in 1933, in the depths of the Great Depression. [4] Long also owned the U.S. Grant Hotel in San Diego and had developed the Agua Caliente resort in Tijuana. [1] Long renovated the hotel and renamed it The Biltmore Hotel. He established the Biltmore Bowl, the world's largest nightclub, in the hotel's basement. [5]

In 1951, the Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel Company was sold to Corrigan Properties for more than $12 million. [6] In 1969, The Biltmore Hotel was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument by the City of Los Angeles. The decaying hotel was sold for $5 million in 1976 to developer Gene R. Summers and his business partner Phyllis Lambert. They spent millions more to restore the hotel over the next five years, before selling it to Westgroup Inc. in 1984. [7] Westgroup redeveloped the property to designs by Seattle architect Barnett Schorr. The guest rooms in the rear portion of the structure, facing Grand Avenue, were converted to office space known as Biltmore Court. Directly adjacent on Grand Avenue, an adjoining 24-story office tower was constructed on the property, the Biltmore Tower. The remaining hotel portion facing Pershing Square was completely renovated. [8]

Regal Hotels purchased The Biltmore in 1996 and it was renamed the Regal Biltmore Hotel. Regal was sold to Millennium & Copthorne Hotels in 1999, [9] and the hotel was renamed the Biltmore Los Angeles on April 9, 2001. [10] The hotel has 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) of meeting and banquet space. From its original 1500 guestrooms it now has 683, due to room reorganization. [11]

Architecture

Millennium Biltmore Hotel Lobby Millenniumbiltmorelobby.jpg
Millennium Biltmore Hotel Lobby

The architectural firm Schultze & Weaver designed the Biltmore's exterior in a synthesis of the Spanish-Italian Renaissance Revival, Mediterranean Revival, and Beaux Arts styles, meant as an homage to the Castilian heritage of Los Angeles. The "Biltmore Angel" is heavily incorporated into the design—as a symbol of the city as well as the Biltmore itself. With a thick steel and concrete frame, the structure takes up half a city block and rises over 11 stories.

The interiors of the Biltmore Hotel are decorated with: frescos and murals; carved marble fountains and columns; massive wood-beamed ceilings; travertine and oak paneled walls; lead crystal chandeliers; cast bronze stairwells and doorways; fine artisan marquetry and mill work; and heavily embroidered imported tapestries and draperies. Most notable are the frescoed mural ceilings in the main Galleria and the Crystal Ballroom, which were hand painted in 1922 by Italian artist John B. Smeraldi, known for his work in the Vatican and the White House. Smeraldi and his team famously painted the ballroom's colorful, seamless fresco over a period of seven months, decorating it with figures of Greek and Roman gods, angels, cupids and other mythological creatures. It was meticulously restored in the 1980s by Smeraldi's apprentice, Anthony Heinsbergen. The imported Austrian crystal chandeliers that adorn it are 12 feet (3.7 m) in diameter.

The Rendezvous Court, once the hotel's lobby but now used primarily for afternoon tea, is decorated with a Moorish Revival styled plaster ceiling painted with 24 Carat Gold accents, two original imported Italian chandeliers from 1923, and a grand Spanish Baroque Revival bronze doorway, whose astrological clock still keeps time today. Two figures appear on the stairwell front—on the left is the Roman goddess of agriculture Ceres, while on the right is the Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa. The current lobby at the hotel's Grand Avenue entrance still has its original travertine walls and oak paneling as well as the large artificial skylighted ceiling, reflected in the custom carpet below.

Millennium Biltmore Hotel Galleria Milleniumbiltmoregalleria.jpg
Millennium Biltmore Hotel Galleria

Each ballroom on the Galleria level is themed either after the room's original function or the hotel's overall California-heritage premise. The Emerald Room was once the hotel's main guest dining room; its decor features images of hunt and harvest, with hand-painted animals and fish on the cast-plaster ceiling beams. The Tiffany Room was formerly an open corridor used as a drop-off point for Crystal Ballroom functions. Now enclosed, the elegant space centers around exploration, with relief sculptures and panels depicting Queen Isabella I of Castile, and Christopher Columbus and other Spanish New World explorers. The split-level Gold Room, once a dining room for elite guests, features Prohibition-era hidden liquor compartments and panels along the ceiling for press photographers to take pictures of the event below. It is decorated with a gold cast-plaster ceiling, hand-oiled wood paneling, and nine mirrored windows along three sides.

The South Galleria is painted with floral friezes inspired by the decor of ancient Roman Pompeii, and features a vaulted ceiling, marble balustrades and heavy Roman piers. Gold-painted wrought iron gates open to a staircase leading down to the Biltmore Bowl.

Also of interest is the hotel's health club and indoor pool, which was modeled after the decks of 1920s luxury ocean liners. Solid brass trim on windows, doors and railings, teakwood deck chairs and hand-laid Italian mosaic tile on the walls and in the pool are original.

Events

The Los Angeles Biltmore is known for being an early home to the Academy Awards ceremony—the Oscars. [12] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded at a luncheon banquet in the Crystal Ballroom in May 1927, when guests such as Louis B. Mayer met to discuss plans for the new organization and presenting achievement awards to colleagues in their industry. Legend has it that MGM art director Cedric Gibbons, who was in attendance, immediately grabbed a linen Biltmore napkin and sketched the design for the Oscar statue on it. Eight Oscar ceremonies were held in the Biltmore Bowl [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] during the Academy's early years of 1931, 1935–1939, and 1941–1942. The band leader Shep Fields conducted his "Rippling Rhythm Orchestra" during the 1939 ceremonies at the Biltmore. [19] Decades later in 1977, Bob Hope hosted the Academy's 50th Anniversary banquet in the same room.

The Biltmore Theater was situated at the corner of 5th and Grand, now the Biltmore Court & Tower location. Will Rogers emceed the opening of the theater in 1924, which then hosted plays starring Helen Hayes, Katharine Hepburn, Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, Bela Lugosi and Mae West until it closed in 1967. It also occasionally booked high-profile films such as the 1925 silent epic Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ which ran for 14 weeks in 1926 and silent Academy Award winner Wings , which stayed over 20 weeks in 1928. [20]

In 1929, Germany's Graf Zeppelin airship soared over the hotel on its round-the-world voyage, sponsored by newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst. Crew and passengers were fed by Biltmore culinary staff, who also replenished their on-board supplies.

The Los Angeles Biltmore hotel also featured notable recordings from the early 1930s on the Brunswick record label by Earl Burtnett & His Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel Orchestra, with songs such as the popular "Putting on the Ritz" being recorded with an orchestra attributed to the hotel.

During World War II, the Biltmore served as a military rest and recreation facility, with the entire second floor equipped with cots for military personnel on leave.

On March 7, 1952, the well-known yogi and author Paramahansa Yogananda, collapsed and died of a heart attack after finishing a speech in honor of the Indian ambassador Binay Ranjan Sen. [21] [22] This site within the hotel is now revered by many as the place of the yogi's mahasamadhi, or conscious leave of the body.

The 1960 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles chose John F. Kennedy as the party's presidential nominee. He set up his campaign headquarters in the Music Room (now the Lobby), with running mate Lyndon B. Johnson across the hall in the Emerald Room. Their press conferences in the Crystal Ballroom were heavily photographed and documented.

The Beatles paid a visit to the Presidential Suite in August 1964 during their first U.S. tour. Due to the overwhelming number of fans crowding the sidewalks in front of the hotel, the band was forced to access their room by landing atop the hotel in a helicopter.[ citation needed ]

The Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel served the International Olympic Committee as their headquarters during the 1984 Summer Olympics. In 1988, the Duke & Duchess of York were hosted by Armand Hammer at a Biltmore gala. Recently the Biltmore has hosted the semi-finals for American Idol , the yearly awards for the Cinemal Audio Society, visiting teams for the World Baseball Classic, and multiple Grammy Awards after-parties.

Films and TV shows

Films

10 Things I Hate About You (1999)[ citation needed ], Alien Nation (1988), Bachelor Party (1984), Beverly Hills Cop (1984), Blow (2001), Blue Streak (1999), Bugsy (1991), Chinatown (1974), Cruel Intentions (1999), Daredevil (2003), Dave (1993), The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989), The Game (1997), Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997), Ghostbusters (1984), Heartbreakers (2001), In the Line of Fire (1993), Independence Day (1996), The Italian Job (2003), National Treasure: Book of Secrets (2007), The Nutty Professor (1996), Ocean's 11 (1960)[ citation needed ], Oppenheimer (2023), Pretty in Pink (1986), Prom Night (2008), Something New (2006), Splash (1984), A Star Is Born (1937), They Live (1988), The Omega Man (1971), True Lies (1994), Wedding Crashers (2005), The Wedding Ringer (2015), Rocky III (1982).

The hotel's exterior can also be seen in Fight Club (1999) and Heat (1995).

Television

Grey's Anatomy , 24 , Ally McBeal , Beverly Hills, 90210 , Black Monday , Bosch , Charlie's Angels , Columbo , CSI: NY , Drop Dead Diva , Entourage , ER , Glee , The Good Place , Heroes , House , Leverage, Mad Men , Mob City , Nip/Tuck , NYPD Blue , The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , Timeless , Scandal , That '70s Show , War and Remembrance , The West Wing , Dinner for Five , Hacks (TV series) , The Golden Girls , Murder, She Wrote .

The hotel was featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser Episode 625, [23] as well as a commercial for Stanton Optical, a company based in Palm Springs, Florida. The hotel's exterior can also be seen in Curb Your Enthusiasm , and in the thirty-fifth season of The Amazing Race .

The hotel also will host Miss Teen USA 2024 and Miss USA 2024 on August 4, 2024.

Music videos

Steve Perry, Oh Sherrie (1984); Janet Jackson, Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You) (2001); Britney Spears, Overprotected (Darkchild Remix) (2002); Simple Plan, Shut Up! (2005); The Wallflowers (2005); Daniel Powter (2005); Lostprophets (2009); Anjulie, "Rain" (2009); Daughtry (2009); Tank (2010); Alexander Kogan (2011); Chris Price, Homesick (2012); Ed Sheeran, Thinking Out Loud (2014); John Legend (featuring Chance the Rapper), Penthouse Floor (2016); Taylor Swift, Delicate (2018); Jennifer Lopez, El Anillo (2018); Meek Mill & Drake, Going Bad (2019); Justin Bieber, Yummy (2020); Jisoo, Flower (2023).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arizona Biltmore Hotel</span> Historic hotel

The Arizona Biltmore Hotel is a resort located in Phoenix near 24th Street and Camelback Road. Designed by Albert Chase McArthur, it opened on February 23, 1929, as part of the Biltmore Hotel chain. Actors Clark Gable and Carole Lombard often stayed there and the Tequila sunrise cocktail was invented there. It later became part of Waldorf Astoria Hotels and Resorts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waldorf Astoria New York</span> Hotel and residence in Manhattan, New York

The Waldorf Astoria New York is a luxury hotel and condominium residence in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The structure, at 301 Park Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, is a 47-story 625 ft (191 m) Art Deco landmark designed by architects Schultze and Weaver, which was completed in 1931. The building was the world's tallest hotel until 1957, when it was surpassed by Moscow's Hotel Ukraina. An icon of glamour and luxury, the Waldorf Astoria is one of the world's most prestigious and best-known hotels. Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts was a division of Hilton Hotels, and a portfolio of high-end properties around the world operates under the name, including in New York City. Both the exterior and the interior of the Waldorf Astoria are designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission as official landmarks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biltmore Estate</span> Historic house in North Carolina, United States

Biltmore Estate is a historic house museum and tourist attraction in Asheville, North Carolina. Biltmore House, the main residence, is a Châteauesque-style mansion built for George Washington Vanderbilt II between 1889 and 1895 and is the largest privately owned house in the United States, at 178,926 sq ft (16,622.8 m2) of floor space and 135,280 sq ft (12,568 m2) of living area. Still owned by George Vanderbilt's descendants, it remains one of the most prominent examples of Gilded Age mansions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plaza Hotel</span> Hotel in Manhattan, New York

The Plaza Hotel is a luxury hotel and condominium apartment building in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is located on the western side of Grand Army Plaza, after which it is named, just west of Fifth Avenue, and is between 58th Street and Central Park South, at the southeastern corner of Central Park. Its primary address is 768 Fifth Avenue, though the residential entrance is One Central Park South. Since 2018, the hotel has been the owned by the Qatari firm Katara Hospitality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayflower Hotel</span> Hotel in Washington DC

The Mayflower Hotel is a historic hotel in downtown Washington, D.C., located on Connecticut Avenue NW. It is two blocks north of Farragut Square. The hotel is managed by the Autograph Collection Hotels division of Marriott International. The Mayflower is the largest luxury hotel in the District of Columbia, the longest continuously operating hotel in the Washington D.C. area, and a rival of the nearby Willard InterContinental and Hay-Adams Hotels. The Mayflower is known as the "Grande Dame of Washington", the "Hotel of Presidents", and as the city's "Second Best Address" —the latter sobriquet attributed to President Harry S. Truman. It was also a charter member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Today it is a four-star hotel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York Biltmore Hotel</span> Hotel in New York City (1913–1981)

The New York Biltmore Hotel was a luxury hotel at 335 Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The hotel was developed by the New York Central Railroad and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad and operated from 1913 to 1981. It was one of several large hotels developed around Grand Central Terminal as part of Terminal City. The Biltmore was designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style by Warren and Wetmore, one of the firms involved in designing Grand Central. Although the hotel's steel frame still exists, the hotel itself was almost entirely demolished and replaced by an office building in the early 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lalitha Mahal</span> A royal residence and luxury hotel in Mysore, India

The Lalitha Mahal, now renamed Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, is a luxury hotel located in a former royal residence, and the second largest palace in the southern Indian city of Mysore, Karnataka, after the Mysore Palace. It is located near the Chamundi Hills, east of the city. The palace was built in 1921 by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV for the exclusive stay of the Governor-General of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotel Astor (New York City)</span> Former hotel in Manhattan, New York

Hotel Astor was a hotel on Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, United States. Built in 1905 and expanded in 1909–1910 for the Astor family, the hotel occupied a site bounded by Broadway, Shubert Alley, and 44th and 45th Streets. Architects Clinton & Russell designed the hotel as an 11-story Beaux-Arts edifice with a mansard roof. It contained 1,000 guest rooms, with two more levels underground for its extensive "backstage" functions, such as the wine cellar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garfield Building (Los Angeles)</span> United States historic place

The Garfield Building is a thirteen-story Art Deco style historic structure in Los Angeles, California. Designed by American architect Claud Beelman, construction lasted from 1928 to 1930. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Falaknuma Palace</span> Palace in Hyderabad, India

Falaknuma is a palace in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It originally belonged to the Paigah family, and was later owned by the Nizam of Hyderabad. It is on a hillock and covers a 13-hectare (32-acre) area in Falaknuma, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Charminar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile</span> Building in Illinois, United States

InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile is a hotel in Chicago, United States. The hotel currently occupies two multi-story buildings. The historic tower, or "South Tower," is a 471-foot (144 m), 42-story building which was completed in 1929 originally as the home of the Medinah Athletic Club. The new tower, or "North Tower" is a 295-foot (90 m), 26-story addition, completed in 1961.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy</span> American private Catholic school

Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy is a private, all-girls Catholic high school in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles run by the Dominican Sisters of Mission San Jose. It is located in La Cañada Flintridge, California, on a 41 acres (170,000 m2) campus near the San Gabriel Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palm Court (Alexandria Hotel)</span> Historic site

The Palm Court, also known at other times as the Franco-Italian Dining Room, the Grand Ballroom and the Continental Room, is a ballroom at the Hotel Alexandria in downtown Los Angeles, California. In its heyday from 1911 to 1922, it was the scene of speeches by U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson and Gen. John J. Pershing. It is also the room where Paul Whiteman, later known as the "Jazz King", got his start as a bandleader in 1919, where Rudolph Valentino danced with movie starlets, and where Hollywood held its most significant balls during the early days of the motion picture business. Known for its history and its stained-glass Tiffany skylight, noted Los Angeles columnist Jack Smith called it "surely the most beautiful room in Los Angeles". The Palm Court was designated as a City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM#80) in 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cliffe Castle Museum</span> Heritage centre, Historic house museum. in West Yorkshire, England

Cliffe Castle Museum, Keighley, West Yorkshire, England, is a local heritage museum which opened in the grand, Victorian, neo-Gothic Cliffe Castle in 1959. Originating as Cliffe Hall in 1828, the museum is the successor to Keighley Museum which opened in Eastwood House, Keighley, in c. 1892. There is a series of galleries dedicated to various aspects of local heritage, and to displaying the house itself, which is a Grade II listed building. Entrance to the museum is free of charge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mrs. William B. Astor House</span> Demolished mansion in Manhattan, New York

The Mrs. William B. Astor House was a mansion on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City, at 840-841 Fifth Avenue on the northeast corner of 65th Street, completed in 1896 and demolished around 1926.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel</span> Hotel in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California

The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel is a historic hotel located at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. It opened on May 15, 1927, and is the oldest continually operating hotel in Los Angeles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotel Alfonso XIII</span> Building in Seville, Spain

Hotel Alfonso XIII is a historic hotel in Seville, Spain, located on Calle San Fernando, next to the University of Seville. Designed by the architect José Espiau y Muñoz, it was built between 1916 and 1928 especially for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. It officially opened on April 28, 1929, with a sumptuous banquet attended by King Alfonso XIII and Queen Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. The hotel is owned by the City of Seville and managed by The Luxury Collection division of Marriott International.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hotel Alexandria</span> Historic building in Los Angeles, California

The Hotel Alexandria is a historic building constructed as a luxury hotel at the beginning of the 20th century in what was then the heart of downtown Los Angeles. As the business center of the city moved gradually westward, the hotel decayed and gradually devolved into a single room occupancy (SRO) hotel housing long-term, low income residents and gained a reputation for crime and being unsafe. Revitalization of the area in the 21st century changed the rental practices and neighborhood safety.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peggy Hamilton</span> American fashion and costume designer

Peggy Hamilton was an American fashion and costume designer who designed many dresses for Hollywood silent actresses in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also the editor of a fashion column in The Los Angeles Times and a fashion commentator on the radio. She was "one of the first boosters of Los Angeles-made fashions."

John B. Smeraldi was an Italian-born American muralist, and furniture and interior designer. He painted the ceilings of many buildings, including the ballroom inside the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

References

  1. 1 2 Truhler, Kimberly (December 13, 2023). "The Biltmore Los Angeles: The Story of an LA Icon". Discover Los Angeles. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  2. "JAMES WOODS DIES; EX-HOTEL OFFICIAL; Held Managerial Posts With Bowman-Biltmore Group-- Headed Belmont Here IN SAN FRANCISCO QUAKE Directed St. Francis at Time of the Disaster--Opened the Biltmore in Los Angeles". The New York Times. March 22, 1940. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  3. Jones, Finn-Olaf (April 24, 2006). "It's De Limit, It's Deluxe, It's De-Lovely". Forbes . Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
  4. Evans, Leslie (June 1, 2012). "On the Track of the Elusive Baron Long". Boryanabooks. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  5. "The History of The Millennium Biltmore Hotel Los Angeles". www.millenniumhotels.com. September 5, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  6. https://www.laconservancy.org/sites/default/files/files/documents/Biltmore%20Hotel%20Tour%20Manual%20-%202016_0.pdf [ bare URL PDF ][ dead link ]
  7. Woo, Elaine (December 22, 2011). "Gene R. Summers dies at 83; architect renovated L.A. Biltmore". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  8. WOLFE, EVELYN De (May 12, 1985). "Biltmore Hotel Will Get Face Lift, Office Tower". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  9. Sanchez, Jesus (November 19, 1999). "Regal Biltmore Hotel to Change Ownership". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  10. "Millennium Hotels and Resorts Announces Rebranding of 12 Regal Hotels as of April 9". Hospitality Net. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  11. "About Millennium Biltmore's Guest Rooms". Millennium Biltmore. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  12. "All of the Academy Awards Venues So Far". Film Industry Digest. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  13. "Early Los Angeles Historical Buildings (1900 - 1925)". Water and Power Associates. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  14. "A Diplomatic Guide to Historic Hotels of Los Angeles". Los Angeles Consular Corps. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  15. MILLENNIUM BILTMORE HOTEL DOCENT REFERENCE MANUAL [ dead link ]
  16. Truhler, Kimberly (March 25, 2021). "The Millennium Biltmore Hotel: The Story of an LA Icon". Discover Los Angeles. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  17. Turnbull, Martin (October 18, 2014). "The Biltmore Hotel's Sala de Oro / Biltmore Bowl, downtown L.A." MartinTurnbull.com. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  18. "A Brief History of L.A's Grand Downtown Hotel, the Biltmore". KCET. June 14, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  19. "Bandleader Shep Fields, who rose to fame in the... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  20. Roe, Ken. "Biltmore Theatre". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  21. Kriyananda, Swami (1977). The Path: Autobiography of a Western Yogi . Ananda Publications. ISBN   978-0-916124-11-3 . Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  22. "Guru's Exit". Time . August 4, 1952. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010.
  23. "Biltmore Hotel- Visiting (625) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University".