The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to judge people responsible for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda,or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states,between 1 January and 31 December 1994. The court eventually convicted 61 individuals at a cost of $1.3 billion.
The Rwandan genocide occurred between 7 April and 15 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days,members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group,as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa,were killed by armed Hutu militias. The most widely accepted scholarly estimates are around 500,000 to 662,000 Tutsi deaths.
Erik Møse is a Norwegian judge. Møse has been a judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR),Supreme Court of Norway,and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). At the ICTR,he served as Vice President and later President. Having retired from his judicial career,he is currently serving as Chair of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine.
Fausto Pocar is an Italian jurist. He is professor emeritus of International Law at the University of Milan,where he also taught Private International Law and European Law,and where he served many years as Faculty Dean and Vice-Rector. From 1984-2000,he was an elected member of the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations,serving as the committee's chair from 1991-92.
International criminal law (ICL) is a body of public international law designed to prohibit certain categories of conduct commonly viewed as serious atrocities and to make perpetrators of such conduct criminally accountable for their perpetration. The core crimes under international law are genocide,war crimes,crimes against humanity,and the crime of aggression.
Lyal S. Sunga is a well-known specialist on international human rights law,international humanitarian law and international criminal law.
Adama Dieng is a former UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide and former board member of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and a former registrar of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. He was designated an expert on human rights in Sudan on November 12,2021 by the UN.
Karim Asad Ahmad Khan is a British lawyer specialising in international criminal law and international human rights law,who has served as Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court since 2021.
Hassan Bubacar Jallow is a Gambian judge who has served as Chief Justice of the Gambia since February 2017. He was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2003 to 2016,and Prosecutor of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) from 2012 to 2016,both at the rank of United Nations Under Secretary-General. He served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1984 to 1994 under President Dawda Jawara.
Prosper Mugiraneza is a former minister of civil service in Rwanda. Mugiraneza was born in 1957 in Kigarama,Kibungo Province,Rwanda. He is a graduate of the National University of Rwanda in Butare,where he earned a law degree . Before becoming minister of civil service,Mugiraneza was a trial attorney in Byumba prefecture,a chief prosecutor in Gisenyi prefecture,a chief prosecutor in Kigali capital,Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice and minister of labour and social affairs. He is married and has four children. His wife and children currently reside in Europe.
William Anthony Schabas,OC is a Canadian academic specialising in international criminal and human rights law. He is professor of international law at Middlesex University in the United Kingdom,professor of international human law and human rights at Leiden University in the Netherlands,and an internationally respected expert on human rights law,genocide and the death penalty. Schabas has been described as "the world expert on the law of genocide and international law."
Charles Ayodeji Adeogun-Phillips is a former United Nations genocide and war crimes prosecutor,international lawyer and founder of Charles Anthony (Lawyers) LLP.
United Nations Security Council resolution 955,adopted on 8 November 1994,after recalling all resolutions on Rwanda,the Council noted that serious violations of international humanitarian law had taken place in the country and,acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter,established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1966,adopted on December 22,2010,after recalling resolutions 827 (1993) and 955 (1994),the Council established a residual mechanism to conclude the remaining tasks of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and former Yugoslavia (ICTY). It was the final Security Council resolution adopted in 2010.
Laïty Kama,was a Senegalese lawyer of Serer heritage and the first president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He was one of the longest serving judges of the ICTR.
The term international framework of sexual violence refers to the collection of international legal instruments –such as treaties,conventions,protocols,case law,declarations,resolutions and recommendations –developed in the 20th and 21st century to address the problem of sexual violence. The framework seeks to establish and recognise the right all human beings to not experience sexual violence,to prevent sexual violence from being committed wherever possible,to punish perpetrators of sexual violence,and to provide care for victims of sexual violence. The standards set by this framework are intended to be adopted and implemented by governments around the world in order to protect their citizens against sexual violence.
Drew White (QC) is an international lawyer from Canada best known for his role in the conviction of Colonel Theoneste Bagosora,who the media dubbed "the mastermind" of the 1994 Rwanda genocide and who White referred to in his closing trial submissions as one of the "enemies of the human race".
Bongani Christopher Majola is an advocate of the High Court of South Africa,an academic,human rights scholar,and the previous Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). He currently serves as the chairperson of the South African Human Rights Commission.
The Africa Group for Justice and Accountability (AGJA) is an international,non-governmental group made up of public figures,academics,lawyers and human rights advocates. Its stated purpose is to advocate for justice and accountability for international crimes.
Asoka De Zoysa Gunawardana was a Sri Lankan judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 1999 to 2004. He was also a judge of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2001 to 2004.
