The 5 red lights attached to balloons released by Chris Russo and Joe Rudy over the skies of Morristown, NJ
The 2009 Morristown UFO hoax[1][2] was a series of aerial events involving mysterious floating red lights in the sky, that first occurred near Morristown, New Jersey, on Monday, January 5, 2009, between 8:15 pm and 9:00 pm. The red lights were later observed on four other nights: January 26, January 29, February 7, and February 17, 2009. The events were later revealed to be a hoax, perpetrated by Joe Rudy and Chris Russo. Rudy and Russo have described the hoax as a social experiment,[2][3] with the ambition of exposing "ufology" as a pseudoscience and raising consciousness around unreliability of eyewitness claims.
On January 5, 2009, at 8:28 pm, the Hanover Township police department received the first of several 9-1-1 calls.[4] Neighboring police departments also received numerous phone calls in regard to the strange lights. Morristown Police Lt. Jim Cullen alerted Morristown Airport about a possible hazard to airplanes. Airport control tower workers reported seeing the lights in the sky, but could not determine what they were.[5] Hanover Township police also contacted the Morristown Airport to try to pick up the objects on radar, but they were unable to pick up anything.[4]
Major and local news networks covered the story, and websites, including the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), posted information about the incident. On April 1, 2009, Rudy and Russo came forward with video evidence proving they were the perpetrators of this hoax, demonstrating how easy it is to fool the so-called UFO "experts."[2]
On April 7, 2009, Russo and Rudy pleaded guilty to municipal ordinance charges of disorderly conduct and were sentenced to fines of $250 and 50 hours of community service.[6][7]
Joe Rudy releasing a balloon with flare attached. Chris Russo (kneeling) preparing balloons for launch
Revealing the hoax
On April 1, 2009, Rudy and Russo went public announcing that they had perpetrated this hoax to "show everyone how unreliable eyewitness accounts are, along with investigators of UFOs."[2] The reveal came in the form of an article written by the two men, and published online by Skeptic Magazine. Rudy and Russo described in detail how and why they perpetrated this hoax, and provided links to videos showing their preparations, the launch, and subsequent media coverage and involvement.[8][9]
Accounts quoted in media
Two men from the Morristown area claimed to see the lights while driving on Hanover Avenue in Morris Plains. They recorded several videos and still photos of the event, which have been posted on news stations, websites, blogs, and YouTube. Rudy and Russo were interviewed on News 12 New Jersey, where they offered what would later be revealed to be a fictitious account of their sighting.[10] They have since come forward as the perpetrators of the hoax resulting in the Morristown sightings. In the interview, Russo stated, "We were driving on Hanover, when all of a sudden we see these lights literally zip over our car." Rudy stated, "The lights seemed to ascend and descend almost in a sequence. They would rise up slowly and dip down."
A family in Hanover Township reported seeing the lights from their home. An 11-year-old, Kristin Hurley was the first to notice the lights. Paul Hurley, a pilot, saw the lights and said they were not planes. The Hurley Family took video of the lights, which appeared on several news broadcasts, including cable news networks such as Fox News.[11] Hurley stated, "I have been in the aviation industry for 20 years and have never seen anything like this, a little scary, little scary."
A Morristown resident said that he saw an L-shaped formation oscillating in the sky. The man was interviewed by the Morris County newspaper Daily Record[5] and stated that, what he saw "didn't seem man-made" and, "No way this could have been weather balloons."
Hanover Township's health officer said that he saw the lights while walking his dog in Madison at 8:38 pm. He stated the lights did not appear to be flares because they "did not leave trails". He also said that they sometimes appeared to move against the wind. He was quoted as saying "These things were moving fast, holding formation, and then moving in three different directions; I don't know what it was."[5]
Initial explanations and hoax theories
Before Rudy and Russo came forward, there had been many different explanations for the lights. These included extraterrestrial craft, supernatural and/or spiritual phenomena, helicopters carrying cargo, a surveillance blimp, a secret military project, or an elaborate hoax.[12]
The Morristown police department had stated the lights were most likely road flares attached to helium balloons, although witnesses and many other Morris County residents did not agree with this claim.[5] "We are reasonably certain, from what we were able to observe," Morristown Police Lt. James Cullen told the Bergen Record, "...that they were red flares attached to a balloon."
Reporters from News 12 NJ contacted Peter Davenport who has been director of the National UFO Reporting Center since 1994. By telephone he told News 12 NJ that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires aircraft to have a single red light on the left tip of the wing. He did not believe it was an aircraft. In addition to serving as the director of the National UFO Reporting Center, Davenport has served as the director of investigations for the Washington Chapter of the Mutual UFO Network.[13]
One source had speculated that the red lights may have been sky lanterns released during a celebration.[14]
Reappearances
After the initial January 5 incident, Rudy and Russo built up the media attention by repeating the hoax four more times over various parts of Morris County, NJ. The subsequent hoaxes and sightings took place on January 26, January 29, February 7, and February 17.[15][16]
The largest cluster of lights occurred on February 17. Nine red lights were reported to be traveling in formation. Shortly after that sighting, Capt. Jeff Paul, a spokesman for Morris County Prosecutor Robert A. Bianchi, said that federal authorities have expressed concern that the objects might be a threat to flights on their final approach to Newark Liberty International Airport. The Federal Aviation Administration advised Paul that they would issue an advisory to aircraft in the area. Paul said “numerous” 911 calls were received on the evening of February 17 in Morris Plains, Morristown, Morris Township, Hanover, Denville, Parsippany, Montville and the Morris County Communications Dispatch center. The lights appeared to be traveling north, he said, and air traffic controllers at Morristown Airport reported that they appeared to be at an altitude of about 2,500 feet (760m).[17]
Dorian Vicente, 46, of Parsippany, said the lights caused traffic to slow on Route 80 in Denville at 8:40p.m. as people watched them floating overhead. There were nine lights, she said, and they were scattered at first. Then she said they aligned in a straight line. That is when she and several other cars pulled to the side of the highway to try to capture the lights on video. "It was the weirdest thing," she said.[17] Ray Vargas, a witness to the lights on February 17, was interviewed by the media and stated, "If it's a hoax, it's a real good hoax. There were no flares, no streaks … they were almost as if they were communicating with each other."[18]
Officials with the Morris County prosecutor's office called the military and determined that no military flights were in the area, Paul said. The prosecutor's office also contacted the FAA, the Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness, and the New Jersey State Police Regional Operations Intelligence Center.[17]
Conviction
Prosecutor Robert Bianchi used what he called a "measured approach" and filed disorderly-person charges, rather than charges of indictable offenses.[19] Bianchi criticized the defendants for wasting police resources, posing a fire threat, and posing an aviation threat.[7] The defendants plea-bargained and received a sentence fine of $250 each and 50 hours of community service at the Hanover Recreation Commission.[7]
Praises and criticisms of the hoax
Reactions were mixed about the hoax after Rudy and Russo revealed the details. Newsweek's Sharon Begley wrote an article praising the hoax for fooling UFO "experts" and believers, and praising the hoaxers by concluding her article with "Nicely done, guys."[20]
George Filer, state director for the Mutual UFO Network of New Jersey, criticized the hoaxers for using flares which could have potentially started a fire.[21]
The Center for Inquiry painted the hoax in a positive light, the question was asked "should skeptics pull pranks and hoaxes, even to prove a skeptical point? Should skeptics hoax the public, or is that a breach of ethics that ultimately harm the skeptical position?"[22]
In the media
The Morristown UFO has been featured on the homepage of the American documentary television series UFO Hunters. Host Bill Birnes investigated the January 5, 2009 sighting and interviewed several eyewitnesses. Throughout the two-part mini-documentary, Bill Birnes and his team do not accept previous skeptic claims that the lights could have been Chinese lanterns or flares. "We know this couldn't be flares attached to a rigid structure."[23]
On April 1, 2015 truTV featured the Morristown UFO hoax on Best Hoaxes Ever, a show recounting famous internet claims and hoaxes.[24][25]
In July 2021, the UFO hoax was spotlighted on an episode of Vice Media's "Fakes, Frauds and Scammers". The episode, entitled "How We Staged a UFO Hoax",[26] was narrated by Rudy and Russo.
An unidentified flying object (UFO), more recently renamed by US officials as a UAP, is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are identified as known objects or atmospheric phenomena, while a small number remain unexplained.
Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, about 30 mi (48 km) west of New York City. According to the 2020 census, the county's population was enumerated at 509,285, an increase of 17,009 (3.5%) from the 492,276 counted at the 2010 census, retaining its position as the tenth-most populous county in New Jersey. Morris County is part of the New York metropolitan area and is divided into 39 municipalities, with many commuter towns but no large cities. Its county seat is Morristown, in the southeast. The most populous place was Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, with 53,238 residents at the time of the 2010 census, while Rockaway Township covered 45.55 square miles (118.0 km2), the largest total area of any municipality.
Hanover Township is a township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. At the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 14,677, an increase of 965 (+7.0%) from the 2010 census count of 13,712, which in turn reflected an increase of 814 (+6.3%) from the 12,898 counted in the 2000 census. The township comprises the unincorporated communities of Whippany and Cedar Knolls.
Morris Plains is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 5,532, reflecting an increase of 296 (+5.7%) from the 5,236 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 17 (+0.3%) from the 5,219 counted in the 1990 Census.
Morristown is a town and the county seat of Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Morristown has been called "the military capital of the American Revolution" because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain. Today this history is visible in a variety of locations throughout the town that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park.
The Travis Walton UFO incident was an alleged alien abduction of American forestry worker Travis Walton by a UFO on November 5, 1975, while he was working in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests near Snowflake, Arizona. Walton was missing for five days and six hours. After days of searching with scent dogs and helicopters, Walton says he reappeared by the side of a road near Heber, Arizona. The Walton case received mainstream publicity and remains one of the best-known alien abduction stories, while scientific skeptics consider it a hoax.
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The Lonnie Zamora incident was an alleged UFO sighting that occurred on April 24, 1964 near Socorro, New Mexico when Socorro police officer Lonnie Zamora claimed he saw two people beside a shiny object that later rose into the air accompanied by a roaring flame. Zamora's claims were subject to attention from news media, UFO investigators and UFO organizations, and the U.S. Air Force's Project Blue Book listed the case as "unknown". Conventional explanations of Zamora's claims include a lunar lander test by White Sands Missile Range and a hoax by New Mexico Tech students.
William J. "Bill" Birnes is an American author, the incoming auditor for Solebury Township, Pennsylvania, the chairman of the board at Sunrise Community Counseling Center, and ufologist.
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The Belgian UFO wave was a series of sightings of triangular UFOs in Belgium, which lasted from 29 November 1989 to April 1990.
In ufology, the Taylor Incident, a.k.a. Livingston Incident or Dechmont Woods Encounter is the name given to claims of sighting an extraterrestrial spacecraft on Dechmont Law in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland in 1979 by forester Robert "Bob" Taylor (1919–2007).
UFO sightings in outer space are sightings of unidentified flying objects reported by astronauts while in space that they could not explain at the time. These sightings have been claimed as evidence for alien visits by ufologists. Some of the alleged sightings never occurred: science fiction writer Otto Binder perpetuated a hoax claiming Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong had encountered UFOs during the Apollo mission. UFO proponents see comments by astronauts or photos processed by NASA as one of the "strongest bodies of evidence" because they are considered to be of high trustworthiness; however, NASA Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs, Robert F. Allnut, concluded in a 1970 letter, "after fifteen years of manned space voyages including space stations and landing on the Moon, spacemen have brought back not a shred of evidence – verbal, photographic, or otherwise – for the existence of extraterrestrial spacecraft, or 'UFOs'."
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