This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
| ||
---|---|---|
UPDF Career 1999–present Career | ||
Muhoozi Kainerugaba (born 24 April 1974) [6] is a Ugandan military officer. He is the son of President Yoweri Museveni [7] and currently serves as the Chief of Defence Forces of the Uganda People's Defence Forces. He is also the chairman of the Patriotic League of Uganda. [8] [9] [10] [11]
He has been commander of the Special Forces Command (SFC) from 2008 to 2017, and again from December 2020 to 2021, [1] [2] then commander of the land forces of the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) from 24 June 2021 [3] [4] to 4 October 2022, when he was removed following tweets claiming to be able to capture Nairobi in less than a week. [5] Both the UPDF and the SFC are accused of using excessive force, [12] [13] [14] [15] as well as abductions; [16] [17] Muhoozi and other senior officials are mentioned in an International Criminal Court complaint. [18] In 2017, Muhoozi was appointed Presidential Adviser, fueling speculations he was being prepared for the presidency. [19] [20] He announced he was running for the office on 15 March 2023, despite his father also indicating he would run for re-election. [21]
On 30 November 2021, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo launched a joint military offensive in Eastern Congo dubbed 'Operation Shujaa', led by Muhoozi. The stated reason is to fight against the Ugandan rebel group Allied Democratic Forces (ADF). [22]
Muhoozi Kainerugaba was born on 24 April 1974 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to Yoweri Museveni and Janet Museveni. [6] His father has been President of Uganda since 1986 during his time with FRONASA, a guerrilla outfit he led during the fight against Idi Amin's dictatorial government by exiles based in Tanzania.
Raised in a Christian family, Muhoozi became born-again in his early years (secondary school).
In 1999, Muhoozi married Charlotte Nankunda Kutesa. [23] [24]
As a child, Muhoozi attended schools in Tanzania, Mount Kenya Academy in Nyeri Kenya, and Sweden. After his father became President of Uganda in 1986, he attended Kampala Parents School, King's College Budo, and St. Mary's College Kisubi. He graduated in 1994. [25]
Muhoozi was admitted to the Egyptian Military Academy where he took both the company and battalion commanders courses. He also has attended the Kalama Armoured Warfare Training School. [26] In 2007 he was admitted to a one-year course at the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, graduating in June 2008. [27] Following that, he successfully completed the Executive National Security Programme at the South African National Defence College. [28] Muhoozi joined Nottingham University where he obtained a Political Science degree in 1997 [29] [30]
In 1999, Muhoozi joined the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) at the rank of officer cadet and graduated in 2000 from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the British Army's officer training school. He quickly made promotion within UPDF although many of Museveni's former NRA comrades such as David Sejusa and Kizza Besigye opposed this. [31]
In September 2011 Muhoozi was promoted to Colonel. [32] In early 2012 Muhoozi enrolled at the South African National Defence College for the Executive National Security Program. In August 2012 he was promoted to Brigadier General [33] and appointed Commander Special Forces Command. In 2013 and 2014 Muhoozi was one of the senior UPDF commanders who deployed to South Sudan to support the Government of South Sudan after fighting broke out in Juba between rival factions of the SPLA. [34]
In 2017 Muhoozi was appointed Senior Presidential Advisor on Special Duties, a position he held until December 2020. [35] He served as commander of the Special Forces Command (SFC) from 2008 to 2017, and again from December 2020 to 2021, [1] [2] In February 2019, President Yoweri Museveni, Muhoozi's father, promoted him to the rank of lieutenant-general, the second-highest rank in the UPDF army after general. [36] On 4 October, Museveni promoted him to the rank of general, making him one of the youngest four-star generals in the world.[ citation needed ]
In June 2021, Muhoozi was appointed Commander of the UPDF Land Forces, taking over from Lt. Gen. Peter Elwelu who became his deputy. [37] Elwelu is known to have commanded the infamous raid on the Rwenzururu palace in western Uganda in November 2016 in which he ordered UPDF to open fire on Rwenzururu royal guards, killing more than 100 of them. [38]
In March 2024, Museveni appointed Muhoozi as commander-in-chief of the Ugandan military. [39]
In 2013, General David Sejusa Tinyefuza wrote a letter in which he explained a plan with the intention of having Muhoozi succeed his father as president. Army officers opposed to it were at risk of being assassinated. Sejusa told the BBC that Uganda was being turned into a "political monarchy," which Muhoozi denied. [40] The letter led to the government's most aggressive attack on the media. The police laid siege to the Daily Monitor for more than 10 days, while many in Uganda were surprised by the silence of the international community. Tinyefuza spent over a year in exile in the United Kingdom before he returned. He was later arrested for insubordination in 2016. [20] [41] The term 'Muhoozi project' is no longer a taboo and even used frequently by Muhoozi fans on social media. [42] In February 2024, Gen. Muhoozi re-branded Muhoozi Project into the Patriotic League of Uganda, with the aim of working towards reviving in Ugandans a spirit of good citizenship, national pride, national service, protection of vulnerable persons, combating corruption and wastage of public resources, and protection of the environment. [43]
In February 2019, Rwanda closed the border accusing Uganda of supporting rebel groups in order to destabilize Rwanda. Uganda accused the Rwanda government of spying. [44] [45] In 2019 Rwanda's key demands included Uganda ceasing to host anti-Kigali elements and the release of its abducted citizens. In 2022, Muhoozi took on a task that Angola's President João Manuel Lourenço and Democratic Republic of Congo's Félix Tshisekedi failed to accomplish in 2019, when they facilitated four meetings between Paul Kagame and Museveni. [46] [47] Rwanda's main Gatuna border post between the two countries reopened in late January, following a meeting between Kagame and Muhoozi. [48] [49]
Muhoozi has been commander of the Special Forces Command (SFC) from 2008 to 2017,[ citation needed ] and again from December 2020 to 2021,[ citation needed ] [1] [2] then commander of the land forces of the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF) from 24 June 2021 [3] [4] to 4 October 2022, when he was removed following tweets claiming to be able to capture Nairobi. [5] The SFC has been criticised for the extrajudicial abductions, tortures, disappearances and killings of political opposition. [50] [51] In his role as commander of the SFC, Kainerugaba has been named in a complaint to the International Criminal Court. [52]
In 2007 he commanded the decisive defeat of the ADF in Bundibugyo, in an operation where 80 enemy forces and the ADF's third in command were killed in action.[ citation needed ]
In 2008 he was deployed as Second-In-Command of "Operation Lightening Thunder" in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This successful operation was organized to degrade the combat capacities of the rebel Lord's Resistance Army in Garamba, deep in the jungles of the DR Congo.[ citation needed ]
In 2009 he participated in training and commissioning the UPDF's first paratrooper element. Uganda's first paratroopers since 1976. [53] [54] [55]
On 31 December 2020, three days after being re-appointed SFC commander, Muhoozi posted a number of tweets attacking opposition politician Bobi Wine; the tweets were considered by many Ugandans to promote tribalism. After many negative reactions, he removed the tweets. [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]
A US$17 million tender contract to deliver medical oxygen was awarded to Silverbacks, a company owned by Muhoozi's wife Charlotte, leading to accusations of corruption. During the COVID-19 outbreak of June 2021, oxygen production struggled, causing many COVID-19 patients to die of oxygen shortages. [62] [63]
On 28 December 2021, Ugandan security forces put under house arrest, and subsequently arrested, journalist and writer Kakwenza Rukira after he had insulted Muhoozi on Twitter. [64] [65] During that time, Kakwenza was tortured and allegedly had three meetings with Muhoozi in which he had to apologize for the tweets.[ citation needed ]
When Muhoozi was still an active serving officer in the UPDF, some had criticized his latest active involvement in politics and taking on roles typically meant for civilian diplomats as breaking the UPDF code of conduct for a serving officer. For instance, he played an active role in the mending of the Rwanda-Uganda relationship culminating in the successful re-opening of Uganda's border with Rwanda. Active serving military personnel are barred from engaging in active political roles in Uganda, according to UPDF rules.[ citation needed ]
Moreover, Muhoozi is known to enjoy alcoholic beverages [66] and as such, he has been criticized about tweeting while drunk and posting controversial tweets. It is also stated in the UPDF Act 7 of 2005, under Disgraceful conduct, section 139, that, "A person in the Defence Forces who is drunk, whether or not on duty, commits an offence and is on conviction, liable to imprisonment not exceeding seven years." [67] No case has been brought to the UPDF court martial's attention about Muhoozi's behavior as an intoxicated serving officer.[ citation needed ]
In February 2022, he expressed support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine and wrote that Russian President Vladimir Putin "is absolutely right!". [68] [69]
In May 2022, Muhoozi praised former U.S. President Donald Trump, describing him as the "only white man I have ever respected". [70]
In October 2022, Muhoozi received attention for publicly offering 100 cows as a bride price for Italian Giorgia Meloni, who at that point was widely expected to become the next Prime Minister of Italy, threatening to conquer Rome if the dowry was rebuffed. [71]
On 3 October 2022, Muhoozi caused a diplomatic incident with Kenya when, on Twitter, he threatened to invade the country and conquer Nairobi, forcing his father to apologise for the comments. [72] On 4 October 2022, following the controversy with Kenya, Muhoozi was removed from the UPDF leadership. [5]
Having been previously known to be generally a silent observer on Uganda's political scene, Muhoozi has recently taken to Twitter, suddenly becoming outspoken on a number of socio-political issues in Uganda, but mostly in praise of the UPDF which he hails as 'the greatest Army in the world'. In a 2013 speech to the UPDF High Command, President Museveni said this of the then Brig. Muhoozi, "I am most pleased that Muhoozi has turned out to be a very serious officer, quiet and devoted to the building of the army" in reference to Muhoozi's work in building the Special Forces Command. [73] Muhoozi has been dubbed by some in the media as the 'tweeting General' [74] in reference to his sudden prolific use of Twitter, frequently posting content that some do not view as befitting of someone of his rank and position in the Army and in Uganda's social sphere.
Through Twitter, Muhoozi has actively commented on Uganda's fractured relationship with Rwanda promising to speak with his 'uncle', Rwandan President Paul Kagame to allow for the re-opening of their country's border, which was closed by Rwanda in 2019 in a diplomatic protest accusing Uganda of harboring and supporting elements that the government considered active in attempting to destabilize the country. On March 6, 2022, Muhoozi took to Twitter to announce that the Rwanda-Uganda border would be fully re-opened on March 7, 2022, after several diplomatic engagements that saw Muhoozi travel to Kigali twice in early 2022. [75] [76] He said in praise of the successful negotiations to re-open the border, "The border is fully opening tomorrow. Me and my uncle (President Kagame) achieved in 7 hours what all the diplomats on earth failed to achieve. I think we need a prize."
The Muhoozi Project has alleged that there is a plan for Muhoozi to become Uganda's next president and succeed his father, Yoweri Museveni, who has ruled since January 1986 under the National Resistance Movement (NRM). However, there are some who believe that the President's son-in-law and Senior Presidential Advisor for Special Duties, Odrek Rwabwogo, is also interested in succeeding Museveni, creating two competing camps. [77] It is not clear who the ruling NRM party will back to succeed president Museveni who has not indicated when or if he will leave office.
On 8 March 2022, Muhoozi took to Twitter to announce that he would be retiring from the UPDF, although no timeline for the retirement was given. He said that, "After 28 years of service in my glorious military, the greatest military in the world, I am happy to announce my retirement. Me and my soldiers have achieved so much! I have only love and respect for all those great men and women that achieve greatness for Uganda everyday." [78] The tweet generated a lot of national and international media attention, with Reuters writing that the move was seen by some as a preparation for the presidency. [79] However, prominent Ugandan journalist Andrew Mwenda, Muhoozi's friend and long-time confidant, posted a video on his Twitter timeline with Muhoozi a few hours after Muhoozi's retirement tweet, appearing to clarify that the retirement will only come in "exactly eight years" [2030]. [80] Uganda's next presidential election is slated for 2026.
On April 11, 2022, Muhoozi de-activated his Twitter account which had a verified Twitter handle @mkainerugaba. It was not immediately clear why he de-activated his account but some sources stated that Muhoozi feared that, "there was sabotage against him and that he was being targeted by 'Big Tech' to silence him and his supporters". [81]
Prior to de-activating his account, Muhoozi had put in place plans to celebrate his upcoming 48th birthday with Uganda's Attorney General Kiryowa Kiwanuka as the Chairperson of his 48th birthday organising committee. The list of nearly 28 members of the organizing committee consisted of other very high-profile members of the Uganda society including prominent musicians, army officers, government officials, media personalities and members of parliament. [82]
The unusual approach Muhoozi had taken to using his Twitter account to comment publicly on somewhat sensitive issues across Uganda and the region placed him and the UPDF under heavy spotlight as he is the Commander of the Land Forces of the country's military. This came at a time when the UPDF is fighting against prolonged civil conflict in the Karamoja region involving notorious cattle rustlers where Muhoozi threatened to abandon diplomatic channels to ending the conflict and promised to bring "hell" to those involved in what he called 'robbery and violence' in Karamoja. [83] At the same time, the UPDF along with DRC forces are fighting against the ADF militant group in eastern DRC in Operation Shujaa that commenced in November 2021. [84]
On 16 April 2022, five days after deactivating his Twitter account, Muhoozi re-activated it, writing, "Never fear my followers and supporters. I'm back. I had some decisions to make." It was not immediately clear what those decisions were. On 3 October 2022 Muhoozi sparked controversy yet again when he tweeted that it would take him two weeks to capture Nairobi, and the next day he was removed from the UPDF leadership. [5]
Gregory Mugisha Muntuyera, commonly referred to as Mugisha Muntu, is a Ugandan politician and retired military officer. He is the current President of the Alliance for National Transformation (ANT), a political party he founded in March 2019. He previously served as the President of the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC), an opposition political party, from 2012 to 2017. In September 2018, General Muntu parted ways with the FDC citing ideological differences with the new FDC leadership of Hon.Patrick Oboi Amuriat. On 27 September 2018 he announced in a televised press conference that he and some other leaders had begun what he called The New Formation which later became the ANT.
Charles Angina is a lieutenant general in the Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF). As of August 2021, he is awaiting assignment at the Uganda Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Before that, from 2016 until July 2021, he served as the deputy chief coordinator of Operation Wealth Creation (OWC), a development program operated by the Ugandan military.
General David Rubakuba Muhoozi is a Ugandan Military Officer and Lawyer. He currently serves as the Minister of State for Internal Affairs. He was appointed to that position on 6 June 2021, replacing Obiga Kania.
Samuel Turyagyenda is a Ugandan police officer, professional pilot and army officer. He served as the commander of the Air Force in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He was appointed to that position in May 2013 having been Deputy Commander of the Uganda Air Force, immediately prior to his appointment. He retired in July 2019.
Leopold Eric Kyanda, is a Major General in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He currently serves as the Joint Chief of Staff of the UPDF, effective 24 June 2021. He replaced Lieutenant General Joseph Musanyufu who was redeployed to the civil service.
The Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) is a government ministry responsible for the national defence and security of Uganda. In this capacity, its role is to preserve, defend and protect the people, property, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, contributing to regional stability and supporting international peace initiatives.
James Mugira is a lieutenant general in the Ugandan army. He is the managing director and chief executive officer of the National Enterprise Corporation (NEC), the business arm of the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He was appointed to that position in April 2015. He concurrently serves as the managing director of Luweero Defence Industries Limited, the small-arms manufacturer owned by the UPDF. He has served in that capacity since 2011. From 2008 until 2011, at the rank of brigadier, he served as the director general of the Chieftaincy of Military Intelligence, a division of the UPDF. Before that, he served as the commanding officer of the UPDF Armored Brigade, based in Masaka.
Lieutenant General Charles Lwanga Lutaaya, is a senior Ugandan military officer in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF). He a presidential advisor on matters of Airforce. Before that, he was the Commander of the UPDF Air Force after having served as Deputy Commander of the UPDF Air Force.
Colonel Edith Nakalema, is a Ugandan military officer, who graduated in August 2018 from the Higher Command and Staff Course at the Joint Services Command and Staff College, in Watchfield, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, where she had been admitted in 2017.
Major General Gavas Mugyenyi, also Garvas Mugyenyi is a senior military officer in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF). He serves as Uganda's military attache to India, effective January 2020.
Major General Steven Sabiiti Muzeyi, is a Ugandan military officer and police officer, who served as the Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIGP) of the Uganda Police Force, the second-highest rank in that branch of the Ugandan government, from 4 March 2018 until 16 December 2020. He replaced Martin Okoth Ochola, who was promoted to Inspector General of Police. Immediately prior to his assignment as Deputy IGP, Sabiiti, at the rank of brigadier, served as the Commander of the Military Police of the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). Sabiiti was replaced as Deputy IGP by Major General Paul Lokech. On Friday, 5 February 2021, Major Genenral Sabiiti Muzeyi was appointed General Manager Luwero Industries, a subsidiary of National Enterprise Corporation (NEC).
Major General Don William Nabasa, is a Ugandan military officer in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF). He currently serves as the Commander of the UPDF Military Police, effective 26 October 2021. Before that, he was the Commander of the Uganda Contingent in Somalia as part of AMISOM.
The Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) is the professional head of the Uganda People's Defence Forces. He is responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Ugandan military. The position was established after the National Resistance Army was reconstituted as the Uganda People's Defence Forces, three years after the NRA's victory in the Ugandan Bush War in 1986. The current CDF is General Muhoozi Kainerugaba.
National Defence College, Uganda is a National Security and Strategic Studies training and educational institution in Uganda.
James Birungi, is a Major General in the Uganda People's Defence Force Air Force (UPDAF). He serves as the Chief of Military Intelligence in the UPDF, effective January 2022.
The Battle of Kabamba, also known as the First Battle of Kabamba, was the result of an attempt by Popular Resistance Army (PRA) rebels to capture an armoury at the Kabamba Military Barracks, defended by the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) and Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). The battle marked the PRA's entry in the Ugandan Bush War.
Sam Magara was a Ugandan rebel, and one of the National Resistance Army (NRA)'s leading commanders during the early Ugandan Bush War. A long-time associate of NRA leader Yoweri Museveni, he became the latter's second-in-command in 1981 and assumed command of the NRA in his absence. However, he fell into disfavor after the NRA's internal security network alleged that he was planning to overthrow Museveni. Magara was eventually killed by security forces in Kampala in late 1982.
Brig. Charity Bainababo is a Ugandan military officer, and legislator. She represents the Uganda people's defense forces (UPDF) in the parliament of Uganda.
Jennifer Alanyo is a Ugandan physician, military officer and Legislator. She represents the Uganda people's defence forces (UPDF) in the parliament of Uganda.
The Ugandan Special Forces Command is the special forces branch of the Uganda People's Defence Force, tasked with airborne operations, special operations, mechanized warfare, reconnaissance, counter-insurgency, infiltration and other specialized forms of warfare.
President Museveni writes in his autobiography: "... Janet and I were married in August 1973 and our first child, Muhoozi [Kainerugaba], was born on April 24, 1974..."