South African National Defence Force

Last updated

South African National Defence Force
10 other official names:
  • Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (Afrikaans)
  • IButho leSewula Afrika lezokuVikela leliZweloke (Southern Ndebele)
  • UMkhosi woKhuselo weSizwe waseMzantsi Afrika (Xhosa)
  • UMbutho Wezokuvikela WaseNingizimu Afrika (Zulu)
  • Umbutfo Wetekuvikela Wavelonkhe waseNingizimu Afrika (Swazi)
  • Sešole sa Tšhireletšo sa Bosetšhaba sa Afrika Borwa (Northern Sotho)
  • Lebotho la Naha la Tshireletso la Aforika Borwa (Sotho)
  • Sesole sa Tshireletso ya Naga ya Aforika Borwa (Tswana)
  • Vutho ra Rixaka ra Vusirheleli ra Afrika-Dzonga (Tsonga)
  • Tshiimiswa tsha Mmbi ya Vhupileli ya Afurika Tshipembe (Venda)
SANDF emblem.svg
Emblem of the SANDF
Flag of the South African National Defence Force.svg
Flag of the SANDF
Motto For the brave, for the proud
Founded1 July 1912
(112 years, 5 months)
(as Union Defence Force )
Current form1994
Service branches Flag of the South African Army.svg  South African Army
Naval Ensign of South Africa.svg  South African Navy
Ensign of the South African Air Force.svg  South African Air Force
South African Military Health Service
Headquarters Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
Website dod.mil.za
Leadership
Commander-in-chief President Cyril Ramaphosa
Minister of Defence and Military Veterans Angie Motshekga
Chief of the SANDF General Rudzani Maphwanya
Personnel
Military age18–49
Conscription No (abolished in 1994) [1]
Available for
military service		10,354,769 males, age 18–49 (2005),
10,626,550 females, age 18–49 (2005)
Fit for
military service		4,927,757 males, age 18–49 (2005),
4,609,071 females, age 18–49 (2005)
Reaching military
age annually		512,407 males (2005),
506,078 females (2005)
Active personnel71,235 (2021/22) [2] [3] : 108 
Reserve personnel 29,350 (2020/2021) [4]
Expenditure
Budget US$2.8 billion [5]
Percent of GDP 0.7% (2023)
Industry
Domestic suppliers
Foreign suppliers
Related articles
History
Ranks South African military ranks

The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

Contents

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, [6] [7] following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.

History

Integration process

In 1994, the SANDF took over the personnel and equipment from the SADF and integrated forces from the former Bantustan homelands forces, [8] : 5  as well as personnel from the former guerrilla forces of some of the political parties involved in South Africa, such as the African National Congress's Umkhonto we Sizwe, the Pan Africanist Congress's Azanian People's Liberation Army and the Self-Protection Units of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). The Azanian People's Organisation's AZANLA was invited but refused to be integrated and to this day remains the only guerrilla force not integrated into the current force. [6]

As of 2004, the integration process was considered complete, with retaining personnel, structure, and equipment from the SADF. However, due to integration problems, financial constraints, and other issues, the SANDF faced capability constraints.[ citation needed ]

The South African Commando System was a civil militia active until 2008, based upon local units from the size of company to battalion. [9] In its final years its role was to support the South African Police Service during internal operations. During such deployments the units came under SAPS control.

1999 re-armament

In 1999, a R30 billion (US$4.8 billion) purchase of weaponry by the South African Government was finalised, which has been subject to allegations of corruption. [10] [11] The South African Department of Defence's Strategic Defence Acquisition purchased frigates, submarines, light utility helicopters, lead-in fighter trainer and multirole combat aircraft. [12]

Decline

Systemic public-sector corruption, State capture, (2011/12 to 2017) had a debilitating effect on Denel and consequently the country's defence capability. [13] [14] [15] In 2014 some 62% of the SANDF's facilities and housing were deemed to be in unacceptable condition, of which 4% were hazardous, another 2% fit to be demolished, and some occupied by squatters. This contributed to low soldier morale and poor discipline. [16] Equipment became largely obsolete due to inadequate maintenance, while renewal stalled with devastating effect on the defence industry. According to the Department of Defence's 2014 Defence Review, the SANDF was "in a critical state of decline". [17] A series of cuts to its capital and operating budgets compromised a number of capabilities. [18]

In 2017 and 2021 respectively, 83 [19] and some 200 to 500 out-of-service military vehicles were destroyed in fires at the Wallmansthal vehicle depot, [20] and a spokesperson was not available to liaise with the press. [21] Notwithstanding, it was reported to parliament in 2022, that technical skills gained from personnel of the Cuban RAF facilitated the preservation and maintenance of over 600,000 infantry weapons. [22] Their mechanical and vehicular skills allowed for the inspection, repair, refurbishment and/or de-activation of vehicles in the special forces and the four arms of service fleets, besides the implementation of stock control and technical support measures, and the rehabilitation of army workshops and work stations.

After submissions to parliament by Armscor, earlier in 2022, a spokesman for the official opposition, the DA, stated that the country's defence capability had been weakened to the extent that it was unprepared for a serious security challenge. [13] The Navy and Air Force were highlighted as easy targets, as only one of the four frigates were serviceable, and none of the submarines, while only 46 of 217 fixed-wing aircraft were serviceable (with all VIP aircraft grounded [23] ), and only 27 of 87 helicopters. Budget and hardware constraints also compromised flight training and exercises, besides the retention of experienced pilots and personnel. [14] The defence minister's appointment of an Air Force chief, Wiseman Mbambo, who cannot fly a plane and doesn't have a pilot's licence was also criticized. [24] The SANDF had only 14 infantry battalions consisting of 12,000 soldiers in aggregate, of which five were deployed in peacekeeping and border patrol, leaving only nine to serve as home or rapid response units. [25]

In February 2022 the power supply to its Navy headquarters in Pretoria was disconnected when its municipal taxes were in arrears to the amount of R3.2 million. [26] During the same month Sandu threatened legal action if the dilapidated Air Force headquarters building in Pretoria were not repaired to facilitate acceptable working conditions. [27] In March 2022 the SANDF and Navy were locked out of several office buildings in Pretoria due to rent defaults by the Department of Public Works. [28] 63% of the 2022/23 defence budget was allocated to employee compensation. [25]

In 2022 the SANDF was involved in multiple corruption scandals totaling R2 billion; one of which involved 56 SANDF personnel two of whom were generals all of whom were suspended. [29] An additional 13 SANDF personal from the Logistics, Joint Operations and Special Forces divisions were convicted for corruption in another incident. [29]

Domestic operations

A SANDF helicopter being refuelled during the annual game census Refueling before taking off for the game census.jpg
A SANDF helicopter being refuelled during the annual game census

As of 2012, the SANDF was involved in several internal operations, including: [30]

In 2021, SANDF forces were deployed in response to the civil unrest following the jailing on corruption charges of former president Jacob Zuma. By 14 July, over 25,000 troops had been deployed. [31] The largest single deployment of the South African National Defence Force since 1994. [32]

International operations

SANDF paratroops South African soldiers board a C-130 Hercules aircraft for a practice jump at Air Force Base Bloemspruit in Bloemfontein, South Africa, July 23, 2013, in preparation for exercise Shared Accord 2013 130723-A-FP002-005.jpg
SANDF paratroops

The SANDF partakes in UN peacekeeping missions, mostly on the African continent. As part of the SADC standby force it partakes in peace missions in the DRC and northern Mozambique. [25] It also provides foreign election security when needed.

Organisation and structure

Overall command is vested in an officer-designated Chief of the SANDF (CSANDF). Appointed from any of the Arms of Service, they are the only person in the SANDF at the rank of General or Admiral, and is accountable to the Minister of Defence and Veteran Affairs, who heads the Department of Defence.

The structure of the SANDF is depicted below: [33]

SANDF Organisation Chart 2019 SANDF Organisation Chart 2019-page-001.jpg
SANDF Organisation Chart 2019

In 2010, a Defence Amendment Bill created a permanent National Defence Force Service Commission (NDFSC), a body that will advise the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans on the improvement of conditions of service of members of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). [34]

Members of the Commission include the Chiefs of the service arms, as well as the Chief of Defence Intelligence and the Chief of Joint Operations.

Four armed services make up the forces of the SANDF: [35]

The Joint Operations Division is responsible for co-ordinating all Joint Operations involving any or all of the four services. The South African Special Forces Brigade is the only organic unit under the direct command of the Joint Operations division. Unlike most other special forces it is not part of the Army or any other branch of the SANDF. [36]

Publications and access to records

The SANDF publishes (or provides links) to documents describing its strategy, plans, performance, white papers and related government acts. Under the Promotion of Access to Information Act 2000 (PAIA), the SANDF also provides access to current and historical information the SANDF holds and provides a manual [37] with procedures for obtaining access. Some categories of records are "automatically available" that are "available without a person having to request access in terms of the PAIA. These records can be accessed at the Department of Defence Archives and include operational records of the 1st World War, 2nd World War, Korean War, and establishment of the Union Defence Force 1912.

Military equipment and industry

Military equipment

The SANDF possesses various foreign and domestically produced weapons. Most of its equipment comes from its own domestic military industry and some gear comes from foreign countries.

Defence industry

South Africa's arms industry dates back to 1968 and was established primarily as a response to the international sanctions by the United Nations against South Africa due to apartheid, which began in 1963 and prevented the country from acquiring foreign combat systems until 1990. [38] South Africa's arms industry is the only arms industry in Africa capable of producing home-grown sophisticated military equipment, as of today it is considered one of the most advanced in the non-Western world rivalling great nations such as the USA, Russia, China and the European Union. The wide-ranging locally-made South African weapons and combat systems include Transport and Attack helicopters, Armoured personnel carriers, Main battle tanks, Missiles, Cruise missiles, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Military aircraft, infantry equipment and ships. [39] Although the South African defence budget has been shrinking over the years and is now less than 1% of GDP against the international average of 2%, the military industry is largely exporting to survive and continues to develop world class military hardware. [40] In 2021 The South African military industry exported R3.3 billion worth of weapons, ammunition and military equipment to 67 countries around the world. [41]

Future

Project Hoefyster

A Badger IFV Badger-infanteriegevegsvoertuig, c, Waterkloof Lugmagbasis.jpg
A Badger IFV

Project Hoefyster was launched in 2013 to partially replace the South African Army's ageing Ratel fleet with around 240 new generation Badger infantry fighting vehicles in a number of different variants over the next decade. A contract was placed with Denel Land Systems in 2013 for service entry by 2022. [42]

The Badger is intended to be produced in nine different variants including a mortar variant, missile variant, section variant, signal variant, ambulance variant, command variant, fire support variant, and artillery variant. The section and fire support variants will be equipped with the 30 mm (30×173 mm) GI-30 cannon locally developed by Denel Land Systems. [43]

Deliveries were scheduled between 2019 and 2022 but problems at Denel have caused delay's with no vehicles delivered to the South African Army, Armscor has recommended cancelling the contract and the funds to be spent on Ratel upgrades instead. [44] Paramount Group believes a better alternative is to supply its Mbombe 8 infantry fighting vehicles to the South African Army which is a similar vehicle to the Badger as an immediately available and alternative to the long-delayed Badger vehicle. [45] Project Hoefyster was deferred in November 2024 without any Badgers being delivered. [46]

Projects Sepula and Vistula

The South African Army has deferred the acquisition of trucks and armoured vehicles to replace its Samil and Casspir fleets under Projects Sepula and Vistula as it explores domestic refurbishment and production. Project Vistula aimed to replace the Samil 50/100 4×4/6×6 truck fleet and Project Sepula aimed to replace the Casspir and Mamba armoured personnel carrier fleets of the South African Army. [47]  

Projects Biro and Hotel

Warrior-class multi-mission inshore patrol vessel SAS King Sekhukhune I underway off Simonstown.jpg
Warrior-class multi-mission inshore patrol vessel

Project Biro will supply three new Warrior-class Multirole Inshore Patrols Vessels (MMIPVS) to the South African Navy to take over and replace the maritime coastal patrol function currently executed by the obsolete Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs) SAS Isaac Dyobha and SAS Makhanda. [48]

The second future acquisition project for the SA Navy falls under Project Hotel, Project Hotel was initiated to replace the ageing SAS Protea, the SA Navy's current hydrographic vessel which is more than 50 years old. The delivery of the South African Navy's new Hydrographic Survey Vessel under Project Hotel has been delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the 2021 South African unrest, the vessel is expected to be delivered sometime between the end of 2023 or early 2024. The vessel will be equipped with the latest survey equipment which includes multi- and single beam echo-sounders as well as side-scan sonar and a seabed sampler to recover material from the seafloor and underlying sub-strata for detailed analytical and testing purposes. [49]

Transport fleet upgrade

The South African Air Force's top priority is to acquire new strategic airlift aircraft to replace its ageing C-130BZ Hercules.

In 2005 South Africa became a partner in the A400M airlifter programme when it purchased eight (with an option for a further eight) of the transport aircraft. The first aircraft was due for delivery to the SAAF in 2010 but this was delayed with the aircraft scheduled to be delivered from 2013 or early 2014 onwards. The contract was terminated in 5 November 2009 due to extensive cost escalation and delays in the contractual delivery time. [50]

As of 2023 The SAAF is deciding whether to upgrade its C-130BZ Hercules fleet or accept retired C-130Hs from the United States which would also need to be upgraded. [51] The United Kingdom had offered to sell South Africa surplus C-130J Super Hercules while the US was offering excess C-130Hs. [52]

Rooivalk Mk II

The Rooivalk attack helicopter SAAF Rooivalk 675 (6777169702).jpg
The Rooivalk attack helicopter

The South African Air Force plans to upgrade its current Rooivalk Mk I fleet to Mk II status. Around 2015, Denel has been promoting the Mk II upgrade of the Rooivalk for the South African Air Force. Support came from the South African government as the South African Air Force recognised a need for an upgrade as a result of known obsolescence. Future Rooivalk upgrades would introduce new modern avionics, update the weapon system and increase reproducibility. The next generation Rooivalk would feature better sights, improved firepower, greater payload and better survivability and other improvements. [53] A minimum of 75 Rooivalk Mk II are planned to be produced. [54]

Project Outcome

The Umkhonto Missile System Umkhonto gbads1 (cropped).jpg
The Umkhonto Missile System

The Umkhonto GBADS is a South African vertical launching system that is being developed for the South African Army's ground-based air defence system (GBADS) requirement under Project Outcome. [55]

The missile system is intended to provide all-round protection for the armed forces against airborne threats, including attack aircraft, missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Denel Dynamics conducted the first test launch of the Umkhonto GBL system for the South African Army in October 2013. The system successfully fired three Umkhonto missiles during the test. In September 2016.

The naval variant of the Umkhonto missile system is in service with the navies of South Africa, Finland and Algeria. [56]

Project Assegaai

The South African Air Force is getting the Denel Dynamics A-Darter fifth generation air-to-air missile under Project Assegaai, which will replace the interim Diehl Defence IRIS-T short range missile. An order for the 20 kilometre range A-Darter was placed in March 2015, with deliveries of operational missiles scheduled for 2017. Both South African Gripens and Hawk Mk 120s are being fitted with the missile while Brazil, which is a partner in development, may also acquire the weapon for its Gripen E/Fs. [57]

UAV acquisitions

At the end of November 2022 the South African Air Force ordered Milkor 380 UCAVs. The Milkor 380 (MALE) UAV is the largest UAV to be manufactured in South Africa and on the African continent. It has an endurance of up to 35 hours of flight time and a payload capacity of 210 kg. [58]

The South African Army is also seeking to acquire unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for reconnaissance and target acquisition. [59]

Project Syne

The Navy's four Valour-class frigates will receive a mid-life upgrade under Project Syne from 2017-18. Work will take place over a decade to extend the vessels' service lives beyond 2035. It is expected that the guns, combat management suite and radar system will be upgraded, amongst other items. [60] [61]

Project Radiate

All four branches of the South African National Defence Force are receiving new digital tactical communications equipment for complete interoperability between services under Project Radiate. Initial production orders for the complete system were placed with Reutech in the 2014/15 financial year and the first production equipment was due for delivery in the first quarter of 2016. Various components include HF, V/UHF, short range and intra platform communication systems. [62]

Foreign military relations

Brazil

Brazil-South Africa military relations have traditionally been close, in 2022 the Brazilian Armed Forces provided military assistance to the SANDF in the form of warfare training and logistics. [63] Brazil and South Africa also collaborated on the A-Darter air-to-air missile project which will be used on both their JAS 39 Gripen fighter jets. Both countries are looking to further cooperate in missile development, notably on the 100 km range Marlin radar-guided air-to-air weapon which will feature a radar seeker head and will be developed into an all-weather surface-to-air missile (SAM) that can be used by South African and Brazilian Navies, In addition South Africa is also looking at collaborating with Brazil on a high speed target drone and a vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (VTOL UAV). [64] Both countries are part of the IBSA Dialogue Forum.

India

India and South Africa have also developed military cooperation, trading arms and joint exercises like IBSAMAR, which started in 2008 between India, Brazil, and South Africa and programs to train forces. During the 1990s South Africa developed the Bhim self-propelled howitzer to meet the Indian Army's requirements for self-propelled artillery units. [65] South Africa is looking at collaboration with Indian defence companies after a trade visit identified areas of cooperation that include ammunition, landward weapons, particularly artillery, cybersecurity, electronic warfare, unmanned aerial vehicles, robotics and artificial intelligence. [66] Both countries are part of the IBSA Dialogue Forum.

Personnel

   Black (75%)
   White (11.4%)
   Indian (1.3%)
   Coloureds (12.3%)

31 March 2019, the demographics of service personnel [67] : 165 

On 31 March 2019, the demographics of service personnel were as follows: [67] : 165 

  Males (69.4%)
  Females (30.6%)

31 March 2019, gender split in the SANDF [67] : 402 

The gender split in the SANDF as of 31 March 2019 is as follows: [67]

  • 51,684 men (69.4%)
  • 22,824 women (30.6%)

The target for female recruits increased to 40% in 2010. [68]

2012 Defence Review

The South African Defence Review 2012 is a policy review process carried out by a panel of experts, chaired by retired politician and former Minister of Defence, Roelf Meyer.

The review was commissioned by Lindiwe Sisulu the then Minister of Defence and Military Veterans, in July 2011. The review was motivated by the need to correct the errors and shortcomings of the previous review. According to defence minister Lindiwe Sisulu, the old report was no longer relevant to South Africa's current situation. [69]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Air Force</span> Branch of the South African National Defence Force

The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the air warfare branch of South African National Defence Force, with its headquarters in Pretoria. The South African Air Force was established on 1 February 1920. The Air Force saw service in World War II and the Korean War. From 1966, the SAAF was involved in providing infantry support in the low-intensity Border War in Angola, South-West Africa and Rhodesia. As the war progressed, the intensity of air operations increased, until in the late 1980s when the SAAF were compelled to fly fighter missions against Angolan aircraft in order to maintain tactical air superiority. On conclusion of the Border War in 1990, aircraft numbers were severely reduced due to economic pressures as well as the cessation of hostilities with neighbouring states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denel Rooivalk</span> Attack helicopter by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, later Denel Aviation

The Denel Rooivalk is an attack helicopter manufactured by Denel Aviation of South Africa. Rooivalk is Afrikaans for "Red Falcon", which refers to the lesser kestrel. Development of the type began in 1984 by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation, its development is closely connected to the Atlas Oryx transport helicopter, both aircraft being based on the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma and having started development at the same time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlas Oryx</span> Utility helicopter in the South African Air Force

The Atlas Oryx is a medium-sized utility helicopter ostensibly developed and manufactured by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation of South Africa. Its largest operator is the South African Air Force (SAAF), having been originally developed to fulfil their needs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Army</span> Branch of the South African National Defence Force

The South African Army is the principal land warfare force of South Africa, a part of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), along with the South African Air Force, South African Navy and South African Military Health Service. The Army is commanded by the Chief of the Army, who is subordinate to the Chief of the SANDF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attack helicopter</span> Ground-attack military helicopter

An attack helicopter is an armed helicopter with the primary role of an attack aircraft, with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles and fortifications. Due to their heavy armament they are sometimes called helicopter gunships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mokopa</span> South African air-to-surface missile

The ZT-6 Mokopa is a South African air-to-ground anti-tank guided missile. As of 2005, it is in its final stages of development, and is being integrated onto the South African Air Force's Rooivalk attack helicopters. The missile is produced by Denel Dynamics, formerly Kentron. The current version uses semi-active laser (SAL) guidance, requiring the target to be illuminated by a laser designator either on the launch platform or elsewhere; though there are alternative guidance packages available including a millimetre-wave radar (MMW) seeker and a two-colour imaging infrared (IIR) seeker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Umkhonto (missile)</span> Short to medium range surface-to-air missile

The Umkhonto is a family of vertical-launched, surface-to-air missiles developed by Denel Dynamics. Umkhonto is designed to be a modern, short to medium-range missile, with an all-weather launch capability. Operating at supersonic speeds, the Umkhonto utilises infrared homing technology to provide point and limited local air defence against multiple attacks of aircraft and missiles.

The Denel Overberg Test Range is a weapons systems testing facility in the Overberg region on the south coast of South Africa, near Arniston, Western Cape. It includes launch pads and tracking systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ZT3 Ingwe</span> Anti-tank guided missile

The ZT3 Ingwe (Leopard) is a modern South African multi-role laser beam riding anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) manufactured by Denel Dynamics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denel</span> South African state-owned aerospace and military technology conglomerate

Denel SOC Ltd is a South African state-owned aerospace and military technology conglomerate established in 1992. It was created when the manufacturing subsidiaries of Armscor were split off in order for Armscor to become the procurement agency for the South African Defence Force (SADF), now known as the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), and the manufacturing divisions were grouped together under Denel as divisions. It is the largest of South Africa's state owned arms companies. The company had been experiencing major financial problems since 2015 and in 2021 it was announced in Parliament that Denel was on the brink of insolvency. The company stated that its woes were due to declining local defence budgets, weakened relationships with key customers and suppliers, the inability to retain or attract skilled personnel, ongoing salary disputes and a Fitch ratings downgrade.

Denel Aeronautics is the aviation and aerospace division of the state-owned Denel corporation of South Africa. It is one of the successors of the South African aviation company Atlas Aircraft Corporation.

The V3E A-Darter is a modern short-range infrared homing air-to-air missile, featuring countermeasures resistance with a 180-degree look angle and 120-degrees per second track rate, developed by South Africa's Denel Dynamics and Brazil's Mectron, Avibras and Opto Eletrônica. It will equip the South African Air Force's Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D and BAE Hawk 120, and the Brazilian Air Force's A-1M AMX, Northrop F-5BR and Gripen E/F. It was expected to be in production before the end of 2015. As of November 2022, no combat capable missiles had been produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denel Dynamics Umbani</span> South African precision-guided bomb kit

The Umbani is a precision-guided bomb kit manufactured by Denel Dynamics in South Africa. It consists of a number of modules fitted to NATO standard Mk81, Mk82 or Mk83 low drag free-fall bombs to convert them into guided glide bombs.

The South African defence industry is the most advanced in Africa and one of the most advanced and largest in the world with over 20 defence companies. The defence industry provides weapons and equipment to the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) and for export customers. The South African defence industry develops weapons and combat systems such as rifles, armored fighting vehicles, tanks, artillery, military aircraft, navy ships and missiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Badger IFV</span> Infantry fighting vehicle

The Badger IFV is an 8-wheeled Infantry fighting vehicle under development by Denel Land Systems of South Africa. The Badger IFV will be a modified and better protected version of the Finnish Patria AMV, tailored for the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) and modified for South African conditions.

References

  1. ↑ "Country report and updates". 7 March 2024.
  2. ↑ Helfrich, Kim (25 October 2021). "SANDF by the numbers". defenceWeb. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  3. ↑ Department of Defence. Department of Defence Annual Report FY 2021/22 (PDF). Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  4. ↑ "South Africa: South African National Defence Force". DefenceWeb. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  5. ↑ Martin, Guy (5 May 2021). "SA defence budget falling to only .86% of GDP". defenceWeb. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993 (Section 224)". South African Government. 1993. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  7. ↑ L B van Stade (1997). "Rationalisation in the SANDF: The Next Challenge". Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  8. ↑ Wessels, André. "The South African National Defence Force, 1994–2009: A Historical Perspective" (PDF). humanities.ufs.ac.za/. University of the Free State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  9. ↑ Potgieter, Thean; Liebenberg, Ian (October 2012) [2012]. Reflections on War – Preparedness and Consequences. Stellenbosch: Sun Media Stellenbosch. ISBN   978-1-920338-84-8.
  10. ↑ Buthelezi, Mangosuthu (22 November 2007). "Mangosuthu Buthelezi's Weekly Newsletter to the Nation". Ifp.org.za. Inkatha Freedom Party. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2008.
  11. ↑ Bright hopes betrayed Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Mail & Guardian
  12. ↑ Neethling, Theo (22 July 2010). "Military spending, socio-economic challenges and foreign policy demands: Appraising South Africa's predicament". African Security Review. 15 (4): 57–78. doi:10.1080/10246029.2006.9627622. ISSN   2154-0128. S2CID   154830936.
  13. 1 2 Cornelissen, Christel (18 February 2022). "Net een uit vier lugmagvliegtuie 'diensbaar'". maroela.co.za. Maroela Media. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  14. 1 2 Staff Writer (17 February 2022). "Only a fraction of South Africa's airforce is operational right now". businesstech.co.za. BusinessTech. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  15. ↑ Gibson, Erika (6 February 2022). "The defence force is seriously wounded, and state capture of Denel played a big role". timeslive.co.za. TimesLive. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  16. ↑ defenceWeb (7 March 2014). "Sixty-two percent of SANDF facilities in unacceptable condition". defenceweb.co.za. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  17. ↑ Dörrie, Peter (9 April 2014). "South Africa's Military Is Falling Apart". medium.com. War is Boring. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  18. ↑ Staff writer (27 November 2020). "South Africa's army is out of money – here's how bad things are". businesstech.co.za. Business Tech. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  19. ↑ "Wallmannsthal fire wreaks havoc on stored military vehicles". defenceWeb. defenceweb.co.za. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  20. ↑ Hancke, Hendrik; Michaels, Ross (19 September 2021). "500 army vehicles destroyed in fire". news24.com. City Press. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  21. ↑ Fokazi, Sipokazi (17 September 2021). "Military equipment, vehicles destroyed as fire tears through army base". timeslive.co.za. TimesLive. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  22. ↑ "Cubans deliver simulators, skills and weapons maintenance Parliament hears". defenceweb.co.za. defenceWeb. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  23. ↑ Gibson, Erika (19 August 2022). "Ramaphosa charters SAA plane as VIP fleet grounded". National. businesslive.co.za. Business Day. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  24. ↑ Nkanjeni, Unathi (7 February 2022). "Bantu Holomisa slams Mapisa-Nqakula for appointment of air force chief 'who can't fly a plane'". timeslive.co.za. TimesLive. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  25. 1 2 3 "Salaries still the biggest item in the defence budget". defenceWeb. defenceweb.co.za. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  26. ↑ "Krag by SANW se vloothoofkwartier gesny weens wanbetaling". pretoriafm.co.za. PretoriaFM. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  27. ↑ Patrick, Alex (23 February 2022). "Defence union threatens action over 'unacceptable' conditions at air force HQ". timeslive.co.za. TimesLive. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  28. ↑ Hancke, Hendrik (13 March 2022). "Die staat skuld my miljoene aan huur: Polisie, vloot sit op straat na eienaar staatsgeboue in Pretoria sluit". Netwerk24. Rapport.
  29. 1 2 "R2 billion plus of DoD fraud, corruption and irregular expenditure under the spotlight". defenceWeb. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  30. ↑ "C J OPS Briefs Media on Deployments". Archived from the original on 19 December 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  31. ↑ Mkhwanazi, Siyabonga. "Mapisa-Nqakula: We have deployed 25 000 soldiers". iol. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  32. ↑ "DARREN OLIVIER: Largest ever SANDF deployment". BusinessLIVE. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  33. ↑ "Department of Defence Annual Report 2018/19" (PDF). Parliamentary Monitoring Group. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  34. ↑ "PCODMV adopts Defence Amendment Bill". DefenceWeb.co.za. DefenceWeb. 18 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  35. ↑ "Defence Act 42 of 2002" (PDF). South African Government. 12 February 2003. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  36. ↑ "Fact file: The Joint Operations Division". DefenceWeb. 28 November 2008. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  37. ↑ "Promotion of Access to Information (PAI) Manual" (PDF). South African Government Department of Defence. 7 March 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  38. ↑ "Arms Embargo against Apartheid South Africa on richardknight.com". richardknight.homestead.com. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  39. ↑ Lionel, Ekene (28 November 2017). "Here are some of South African Made weapons". Military Africa. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  40. ↑ Martin, Guy (14 September 2022). "Advanced technologies in the South African defence sector to be showcased at AAD". defenceWeb. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  41. ↑ Martin, Guy (13 May 2022). "SA exported R3.3 billion worth of military hardware in 2021". defenceWeb. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  42. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  43. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  44. ↑ Martin, Guy (16 February 2022). "Denel unable to deliver on Hoefyster contract; Armscor recommends cancellation". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  45. ↑ Helfrich, Kim (3 January 2023). "Paramount positions Mbombe 8 as Hoefyster alternative". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  46. ↑ Teixeira, Ricardo (27 November 2024). "Project Hoefyster 'deferred'". defenceWeb. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  47. ↑ Martin, Guy (15 June 2015). "SA Army's Projects Sepula and Vistula deferred". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  48. ↑ Martin, Guy (19 August 2021). "Funding sufficient for Projects Hotel and Biro to be completed". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  49. ↑ Martin, Guy (6 October 2022). "Project Hotel survey vessel delivery delayed". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  50. ↑ "The South African Air Force". www.saairforce.co.za. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  51. ↑ Martin, Guy (30 January 2023). "Additional transport aircraft high on SAAF's priority list". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  52. ↑ Martin, Guy (3 November 2022). "SAAF evaluating offer of acquiring ex-US C-130H Hercules". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  53. ↑ Martin, Guy (15 January 2021). "Denel still seeing interest in Rooivalk". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  54. ↑ "Next generation of formidable Rooivalk attack chopper in the pipeline". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  55. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  56. ↑ "Umkhonto Ground-Based Launcher System". Army Technology. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  57. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  58. ↑ Martin, Guy (25 November 2022). "First Milkor UAVs destined for South African use". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  59. ↑ Helfrich, Kim (6 January 2023). "Landward force seeking UAVs". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  60. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  61. ↑ Martin, Guy (1 June 2017). "Waterjets a focus area of Project Syne frigate upgrade". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  62. ↑ Martin, Guy (11 August 2016). "SANDF projects". defenceWeb. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  63. ↑ Martin, Guy (25 July 2022). "Brazilian instructors assist the SANDF with jungle warfare training". defenceWeb. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  64. ↑ Martin, Guy (16 May 2014). "SA and Brazil to collaborate on missiles post-A-Darter". defenceWeb. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  65. ↑ "Army assures orders for DRDO Howitzers". Zee News. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  66. ↑ Martin, Guy (23 July 2019). "South Africa and India seeking defence industry collaboration". defenceWeb. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  67. 1 2 3 4 2018/19 Department of Defence Annual Report (PDF). South Africa: South African Department of Defence. 2019. p. 402.
  68. ↑ "Transformation, Gender Equity and Empowerment in the South African Defence Force: Briefing by Department of Defence | PMG". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  69. ↑ "Draft Defence Review report released". 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.