Myosotis amabilis

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Myosotis amabilis
Myosotis amabilis Cheeseman (AM AK211972-1).jpg
original material of Myosotis amabilis, specimen AK 211972 collected by James Adams on Hikurangi in 1897
Status NZTCS NC.svg
Nationally Critical (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Myosotis
Species:
M. amabilis
Binomial name
Myosotis amabilis
Cheeseman, 1906 [2]

Myosotis amabilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1906 based on specimens collected at Mt Hikurangi. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are exserted.

Contents

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis amabilis Cheeseman is in the plant family Boraginaceae. [3] It was originally described by New Zealand botanist Thomas Cheeseman in his Manual of the New Zealand Flora in 1929. [2] The most recent treatment of this species was done by Lucy B. Moore in the Flora of New Zealand. [4]

The original specimens (syntypes) of this species were collected by Donald Petrie and James Adams on Mt Hikurangi in the North Island, New Zealand. [2] When Adams first collected it there in 1897, he called it M. saxosa. [5] The specimens collected by Adams and Petrie are housed at the herbarium of the Auckland War Memorial Museum (AK). [6] [7] [8]

Cheeseman [2] made the following distinction between M. amabilis and M. saxosa:

"Rather stout, 3–9 in. high. Leaves 1–2½ in., linear-obovate or obovate-spathulate, coriaceous, hispid on both surfaces. Racemes many-flowered. Flowers large, white, ½ in. diam.........17. M. amabilis Small, stout, 2–3 in. high. Leaves ½–¾ |in., oblong-spathulate, hispid and hoary on both surfaces. Racemes few flowered. Flowers small . . . . . . . . 18. M. saxosa." [2]

Some sources consider M. amabilis to be a synonym of M. saxosa, [9] whereas others recognise two distinct species. [10] Whether M. amabilis and M. saxosa are one species or two is an outstanding taxonomic question that requires further study. [11]

Phylogeny

No individuals of M. amabilis have been included in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions) of New Zealand Myosotis. [12] [13]

Description

Myosotis amabilis plants are rosettes. The rosette leaves have petioles that are about as long as the leaf blades. The rosette leaf blades are about 40 mm long by 15 mm wide (length: width ratio 2.7: 1), usually oblong-spathulate and widest at or above the middle, with an obtuse apex. Both surfaces of the leaf are uniformly and sparsely to densely covered in patent to erect hairs. On the upper surface of the leaf, these hairs are always antrorse (forward-facing) whereas on the lower surface, they are mostly retrorse (backward-facing). Each rosette has several ascending to erect, ebracteate inflorescences that are up to 150 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but become smaller, are broadly lanceolate and subacute, and have hairs similar to the rosette leaves but less densely distributed and with some retrorse hairs on the underside of the lowest cauline leaves only. The flowers are about 12 per inflorescence, and each is borne on a short pedicel, without a bract. The calyx is about 6 mm long at flowering and fruiting, lobed to one-half tor more of its length, and densely covered in appressed hairs, as well as some patent to erect hooked hairs, all of which are mostly antrorse (with some retrorse or backward-facing hairs near the base). The corolla is white and about 10 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are rounded-triangular, and small white or yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are exserted, surpassing the faucal scales. The nutlets have not been described. [4]

The pollen of Myosotis amabilis is unknown.

The chromosome number of M. amabilis is unknown.

Flowering and fruiting January–February. [4]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotisamabilis is a forget-me-not originally collected from Mt Hikurangi, East Cape, North Island, New Zealand, and may nr endemic to this area. [4] Very few herbarium specimens of this species have been collected. Some specimens collected in Hawkes Bay (North Island) and even on the South Island have been variously identified as M. amabilis or M. saxosa, [14] and the two species require taxonomic revision. [11] Recent efforts to relocate plants of M. amabilis on Mt Hikurangi and elsewhere have been unsuccessful. [11]

Conservation status

Myosotis amabilis is listed as Threatened – Nationally Critical" with the qualifiers Data Poor (DP), Range Restricted (RR), Sparse (Sp) and Stable (St) on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myosotis monroi</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis monroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. The species was described by Thomas Cheeseman. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and erect, and have ebracteate inflorescences with cream or white corollas.

<i>Myosotis albosericea</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis albosericea is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis concinna</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis concinna is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are large, perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis laeta</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis laeta is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to ultramafic areas of the Sounds-Nelson area of the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis brockiei</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis brockiei is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to southern South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore and Margaret Simpson described the species in 1973. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with exserted stamens.

Myosotis brockieisubsp. dysis is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to southern South Island of New Zealand. Shannel Courtney and Heidi Meudt described this subspecies in 2021. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form stoloniferous mats, with long, ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis goyenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis goyenii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1891. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted or fully included stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described this species in 1864. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> traversii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversiisubsp. traversii is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the northern South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species M. traversii in 1864. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cantabrica</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversiisubsp. cantabrica is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the central South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described M. traversii var. cantabrica in 1961 and Heidi Meudt changed its rank to subspecies in 2021. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

Myosotis × cinerascens is a hybrid species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described M. cinerascens in 1891, and it was later deemed to be a hybrid in 2021. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis australis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis australis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea. Robert Brown described this species in 1810. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.

<i>Myosotis australis <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> australis</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Myosotis australissubsp. australis is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to New Zealand and Australia. Robert Brown described M. australis in 1810. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.

<i>Myosotis angustata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis angustata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1906. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are wholly exserted.

<i>Myosotis saxosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis saxosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are exserted.

<i>Myosotis macrantha</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis macrantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species as Exarrhena macrantha in 1864, and Thomas Cheeseman transferred it to the genus Myosotis in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and yellow to dark purple corollas with stamens that are exserted.

<i>Myosotis explanata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis explanata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1906. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partly exserted, with the tips of the anthers only surpassing the scales.

<i>Myosotis laingii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis laingii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand, and considered to be extinct. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1912. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and yellow corollas with stamens that are fully exserted.

<i>Myosotis suavis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis suavis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1914. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partially exserted.

<i>Myosotis oreophila</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis oreophila is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1896. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partially exserted.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 45. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Cheeseman, T. F. (1906), Manual of the New Zealand flora, J. Mackay, Govt. Printer, pp. 468–469, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.12003, OCLC   4397520, OL   234533M, Wikidata   Q51396409
  3. ↑ "Myosotis amabilis". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Moore, L.B. "Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833". (Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  5. ↑ Adams, James (1 January 1897). "On the botany of Hikurangi Mountain". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand: 414–433.
  6. ↑ "Myosotis amabilis - AK 47774". Auckland Museum - Collections Online. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  7. ↑ "Myosotis amabilis - AK 7534". Auckland Museum - Collections Online. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  8. ↑ "Myosotis amabilis - AK 211972". Auckland Museum - Collections Online. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  9. ↑ "Myosotis saxosa". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  10. ↑ "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Myosotis amabilis". www.nzflora.info. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 "Searching for rare forget-me-nots with North Island iwi". Te Papa’s Blog. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  12. ↑ Richard Winkworth; Jürke Grau; Alastair Robertson; Peter Lockhart (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755. Wikidata   Q30707919.
  13. ↑ Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. Bibcode:2015PSyEv.301.1455M. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881. S2CID   254048318.
  14. ↑ "Myosotis amabilis Cheeseman". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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