Myosotis exarrhena

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Myosotis exarrhena
Myosotis exarrhena.jpg
Habit and flowers of Myosotis exarrhena
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Myosotis
Species:
M. exarrhena
Binomial name
Myosotis exarrhena
Synonyms

Exarrhena suaveolens R.Br.

Myosotis exarrhena is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to Australia. Robert Brown described this species as Exarrhena suaveolens in 1810. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

Contents

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis exarrhena F.Muell. is in the plant family Boraginaceae. The species was originally described by Robert Brown in his Prodromus in 1810 as Exarrhena suaveolens R.Br. [2] It was transferred to the genus Myosotis as M. suaveolens (R.Br.) Poir. in 1816, but this was an illegitimate name owing to M. suaveolens Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., which was published in 1809 based on a European type. [3] [4] Ferdinand von Mueller finally made the valid combination M. exarrhena in 1889 in the updated Systematic Census of Australian Plants. [1]

The lectotype (K001094009) and the isolectotype (K001094010) of Exarrhenasuaveolens are on the same sheet at Kew Herbarium, [5] and were designated by Peter G. Wilson & Jeannie Highet. [4]

Myosotis exarrhena is one of two species native to Australia. [3] Myosotis australis is native to Australia, as well as New Zealand and New Guinea. [3] Myosotis exarrhena is morphologically more similar to other ebracteate-erect species from New Zealand, especially Myosotis concinna, [6] than to M. australis. [3] The Australian M. exarrhena can be distinguished from the New Zealand M. concinna by its white corollas, retrorse hairs on the underside of the rosette leaves and scape, and lack of hooked hairs on the calyx. [6]

The species epithet exarrhena is based on the Greek word arrhen and refers to the exerted anthers. [3]

Phylogeny

One individual of Myosotis exarrhena was included in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). [7] [8]

Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. [7] [8] The individual of M. exarrhena grouped with Australian M. australis and several other mostly ebracteate-erect New Zealand Myosotis species. [7] [8]

Description

Myosotis exarrhena plants are rosettes that are often stoloniferous. The rosette leaves have petioles that are 6–30 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 7–55 mm long by 2–10 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.0–7.6: 1), lanceolate, oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, widest below, at or above the middle, usually with an obtuse apex. Both surfaces of the leaf are uniformly and densely covered in flexuous to curved, usually appressed, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are oriented parallel to the midrib. Each rosette has multiple ascending, branched ebracteate inflorescences that are bifurcating at the top and up to 470 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves, but become smaller. The flowers are 36–91 per inflorescence and each is borne on a short pedicel without a bract. The calyx is 2–5 mm long at flowering and 3–6 mm long at fruiting, lobed to half to two-thirds of its length, and densely covered in straight to flexuous, often hooked, patent to erect, mostly antrorse hairs (with some retrorse or backward-facing hairs near the base). The corolla is white and 5–11 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are usually narrowly ovate or ovate, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are fully exserted. The four smooth, shiny, usually medium to dark brown nutlets are 1.7–2.3 mm long by 1.0–1.5 mm wide and usually ovoid in shape. [3]

The pollen of Myosotis exarrhena is of the exarrhena type. [3]

The chromosome number of M. exarrhena is unknown. [3]

Flowering and fruiting between October–March, with the main flowering period from December–February. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotis exarrhena is endemic to Australia in the states of New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania from 555 to 1000 m ASL, possibly up to 1370 m ASL, in forest, woodland, clearings or stream banks, on slopes, outcrops or banks. [3]

Conservation status

Myosotis exarrhena is not listed on the Australian Government's EPBC Act list of Threatened Flora. [9] It is likely to be considered to be LC (Least Concern) according to the IUCN. [3]

Hybridisation

On the basis of morphological data, Myosotis exarrhena may hybridise with M. australis where the two species are known to co-occur in New South Wales, ACT and Victoria. [3] Several specimens have been identified as interspecific M. exarrhena × M. australis hybrids. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myosotis monroi</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis monroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. The species was described by Thomas Cheeseman. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and erect, and have ebracteate inflorescences with cream or white corollas.

<i>Myosotis retrorsa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis retrorsa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Myosotis umbrosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis concinna</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis concinna is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are large, perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis laeta</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis laeta is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to ultramafic areas of the Sounds-Nelson area of the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis rakiura</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis rakiura is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to southern South Island and Stewart Island/Rakiura of New Zealand. Joseph Beattie Armstrong described the species in 1881. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis brockiei</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis brockiei is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to southern South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore and Margaret Simpson described the species in 1973. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis goyenii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis goyenii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1891. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form loose tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white corollas with partly exserted or fully included stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described this species in 1864. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> traversii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversiisubsp. traversii is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the northern South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species M. traversii in 1864. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis traversii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cantabrica</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis traversiisubsp. cantabrica is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the central South Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described M. traversii var. cantabrica in 1961 and Heidi Meudt changed its rank to subspecies in 2021. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes which form tufts or clumps, with ebracteate, erect inflorescences, and white or yellow corollas with partly exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis petiolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis petiolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the Hawkes Bay region of the North Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis saxatilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis saxatilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Donald Petrie described this species in 1918. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly exserted.

<i>Myosotis australis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis australis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea. Robert Brown described this species in 1810. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.

<i>Myosotis australis <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> australis</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Myosotis australissubsp. australis is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to New Zealand and Australia. Robert Brown described M. australis in 1810. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.

Myosotis australissubsp. saruwagedica is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Guinea. August Brand described the species M. saruwagedica in 1929 and it was considered to be a synonym or a subspecies of M. australis by subsequent authors. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white or yellow corollas with stamens that are fully included in the corolla tube or sometimes partly protruded.

<i>Myosotis macrantha</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis macrantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species as Exarrhena macrantha in 1864, and Thomas Cheeseman transferred it to the genus Myosotis in 1885. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and yellow to dark purple corollas with stamens that are exserted.

<i>Myosotis explanata</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis explanata is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to high-elevation habitats in the South Island of New Zealand. Thomas Cheeseman described the species in 1906. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partly exserted, with the tips of the anthers only surpassing the scales.

<i>Myosotis suavis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis suavis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1914. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partially exserted.

<i>Myosotis oreophila</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis oreophila is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1896. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with stamens that are partially exserted.

References

  1. 1 2 Ferdinand von Mueller (1889), Second systematic census of Australian plants, with chronologic, literary and geographic annotations;, Melbourne: Printed for the Victorian Government by McCarron. Bird & Co., doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.23173, OCLC   5873715, OL   7024831M, Wikidata   Q51433898
  2. ↑ Brown, Robert, 1773-1858 (1810), Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum (in Latin), London: Typis R Taylor, veneunt apud J. Johnson, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.6720, OCLC   9885199, OL   13508332M, Wikidata   Q51522645 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Heidi M. Meudt; Michael J. Thorsen; Jessica Prebble (2020). "Taxonomic revision of the Myosotis australis group (Boraginaceae) native to Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea". Australian Systematic Botany . 33 (6): 477. doi:10.1071/SB20014. ISSN   1030-1887. Wikidata   Q107670735.
  4. 1 2 Peter G. Wilson; Jeannie Highet (1988). "Myosotis exarrhena F.Muell., the correct namefor M. suaveolens (R.Br.) Poir. (Boraginaceae)". Telopea . 3: 283–284. doi:10.7751/TELOPEA19884815. ISSN   0312-9764. Wikidata   Q118358923.
  5. ↑ "Lectotype and isolectotype of Myosotis exarrhena on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  6. 1 2 Heidi M. Meudt (2021). "Taxonomic revision of five species groups of ebracteate-erect Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to New Zealand, based on morphology, and description of new subspecies". Australian Systematic Botany . 34 (3): 252–304. doi:10.1071/SB20028. ISSN   1030-1887. Wikidata   Q107671092.
  7. 1 2 3 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881.
  8. 1 2 3 Richard Winkworth; Jürke Grau; Alastair Robertson; Peter Lockhart (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755. Wikidata   Q30707919.
  9. ↑ "EPBC Act List of Threatened Flora". Species Profile and Threats Database. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
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