| Fernholm's hagfish | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Infraphylum: | Agnatha |
| Class: | Myxini |
| Order: | Myxiniformes |
| Family: | Myxinidae |
| Genus: | Myxine |
| Species: | M. fernholmi |
| Binomial name | |
| Myxine fernholmi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | |
Myxine fernholmi (Myxine: Ancient Greek word for slimy fish), also known as Fernholm's hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae. It is named after Swedish ichthyologist Bo Fernholm. [2] [3]
It is found around the Falkland Islands and the Burdwood Bank, with a single specimen also known from central Chile, off the coast of San Antonio. Although only 4 specimens have been caught, high densities of hagfish that are assumed to be this species have been recorded at depths of 900–1,750 metres (2,950–5,740 ft) on surveys of the scavenging fauna of the Patagonian Shelf. As it lives beyond the depth of major fishing trawlers in the region and there are no known direct threats to it, it is considered Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. [1]
The complete mitogenome of this species was analyzed for the first time in 2019. [4]
Hagfish, of the class Myxini and order Myxiniformes, are eel-shaped jawless fish. They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although hagfish do have rudimentary vertebrae. Hagfish are marine predators and scavengers. Hagfish defend themselves against predators by releasing copious amounts of slime from glands in their skin.
Eptatretus springeri, the Gulf hagfish, is a bathydemersal vertebrate which lives primarily in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. It has been observed feeding at and around brine pools: areas of high salinity which resemble lakes on the ocean floor that do not mix with the surrounding water due to difference in density. The high salt content, approximately 200 ppt compared to 35 ppt for standard seawater, creates a buoyant surface which renders oceanic submersibles unable to descend into the pool. It is believed that the inside of the pools only supports microbial life, while the majority of macroscopic life, such as methane-utilizing mussels, exists on the edges. The Gulf hagfish feeds on the primary producers of these environments, as well as other predators.
The Pacific hagfish is a species of hagfish. It lives in the mesopelagic to abyssal Pacific ocean, near the ocean floor. It is a jawless fish and has a body plan that resembles early paleozoic fish. They are able to excrete prodigious amounts of slime in self-defense.
Eptatretus is a large genus of hagfish.
Myxine is a genus of hagfish, from the Greek μυξῖνος. It is the type genus of the class Myxini.
The southern hagfish is a hagfish of the genus Myxine.
Myxine glutinosa, known as the Atlantic hagfish in North America, and often simply as the hagfish in Europe, is a species of jawless fish of the genus Myxine.
Nemamyxine is a genus of hagfish.
Neomyxine biniplicata, the slender hagfish, is a species of hagfish endemic to New Zealand. It is known from along the east coast, from the northern end of the Bay of Plenty to Kaikōura at depths of 35–396 m, and is found on silty to coarse sediments and rocky seabeds.
Rubicundus is a genus of hagfishes, the only member of the subfamily Rubicundinae. All species in it were formerly classified in Eptatretus. R. eos, R. lakeside, and R. rubicundus are known from single specimens caught in the Tasman Sea, Galápagos, and Taiwan, respectively. They are named after the distinctive red coloration that all species share.
Nemamyxine elongata, the bootlace hagfish, is a species of hagfish in the genus Nemamyxine. Distribution, abundance, and natural history are not known. Only two specimens have been collected. One, dead, was found in a net in the Kaituna River, and thought to have been a fishery discard. The other was collected alive during a trawl at 132-140m in the Canterbury Bight. The larger specimen was 867 mm TL but maximum size is unknown. One specimen was a female with small eggs similar to those of other hagfish species..
The white-headed hagfish is a species of jawless fish of the family Myxinidae (hagfish).
Myxine circifrons, the whiteface hagfish, is a marine bathydemersal species of fish in the family Myxinidae. It is found off Southern California, Peru, and Chile and grows to 65 centimetres (26 in) total length.
Myxine affinis, the Patagonian hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
Myxine capensis, the Cape hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
Rubicundus eos, also known as the pink hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
Rubicundus lakeside, the Lakeside hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
Myxine debueni, the Magellan hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
Rubicundus lopheliae, the lophelia hagfish, is a species of jawless fish in the family Myxinidae.
