Naematelia aurantia

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Naematelia aurantia
Tremella mesenterica (Manjimup, Western Australia).jpg
Naematelia aurantia with Stereum host
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Tremellomycetes
Order: Tremellales
Family: Naemateliaceae
Genus: Naematelia
Species:
N. aurantia
Binomial name
Naematelia aurantia
(Schwein.) Burt (1921)
Synonyms

Naematelia aurantia (synonym Tremella aurantia) is a species of fungus producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies). It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus ( Stereum hirsutum ) that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. It is commonly called golden ear in North America. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

Tremella aurantia was first published in 1822 by German-American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz, based on collections from North Carolina. In 1921, the species was transferred to Naematelia by Edward Angus Burt, but remained better known as Tremella aurantia until molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, showed that Naematelia was a distinct genus. [2]

The epithet aurantia means "golden".

Description

Fruit bodies are gelatinous, bright yellow, up to 15 cm (6 in) across, and lobed to frondose (like seaweed). Microscopically, the hyphae are clamped and occur within a dense gelatinous matrix. Haustorial cells arise on the hyphae, producing filaments that attach to and penetrate the unclamped hyphae of the host. The basidia are tremelloid (spherical to ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 13–14 by 9–13 μm, sometimes stalked. The basidiospores are subglobose to ellipsoid, smooth, 5.5–9.5 by 4.5–7.5 μm, and germinate by hyphal tube or by yeast cells. [3] [4]

Similar species

Naematelia aurantialba is a very similar species cultivated for food and medicine in China. It was only described in 1990 and differs largely in microscopic details. [5] Tremella mesenterica is a widespread, north temperate fungus that also has bright yellow, gelatinous fruit bodies, but parasitizes the mycelium of Peniophora species, often on dead attached twigs. [3] [4] It too can be distinguished by microscopy, with N. aurantia having smaller spores and basidia. [6]

Macroscopically, Dacrymyces chrysospermus is nearly identical to N. aurantia, but belongs to the class Dacrymycetes and can be distinguished by its growth on conifer and its differently shaped spores and basidia. [6] [7]

Habitat and distribution

Naematelia aurantia is a parasite of Stereum hirsutum , growing on and often completely enveloping host basidiocarps. Following its host, fruit bodies are typically found on dead, attached or recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees. [3] [4]

The species has a mainly north temperate distribution and is known throughout North and South America, Europe, and northern Asia. [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Species of edible fungus

Tremella fuciformis is a species of fungus; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China. T. fuciformis is commonly known as snow fungus, snow ear, silver ear fungus, white jelly mushroom, and white cloud ears.

<i>Tremella mesenterica</i> Species of jelly fungus

Tremella mesenterica is a common jelly fungus in the family Tremellaceae of the Agaricomycotina. The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to 7.5 cm (3 in) diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp.

<i>Exidia nigricans</i> Species of fungus

Exidia nigricans is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. In the UK, it has the recommended English name of warlock's butter. It produces black, gelatinous basidiocarps and is a common, wood-rotting species throughout the Northern Hemisphere, typically growing on dead attached branches of broadleaf trees. It has been much confused with Exidia glandulosa.

<i>Phaeotremella</i> Genus of fungi

Phaeotremella is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeotremellaceae. All Phaeotremella species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps, when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Fifteen or so species of Phaeotremella are currently recognized worldwide. Tremella sanguinea, shown to be a Phaeotremella species by DNA sequencing, is cultivated in China as an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

<i>Phaeotremella frondosa</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella frondosa is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae producing brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions, and is parasitic on other species of fungi that grow on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broadleaf trees.

<i>Phaeotremella foliacea</i> Species of fungus

Phaeotremella foliacea is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces brownish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum sanguinolentum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. It is widespread in north temperate regions. In the UK it has the recommended English name leafy brain and has also been called jelly leaf and brown witch's butter. Prior to 2017, the name Tremella foliacea was also applied to similar-looking species on broadleaf trees, now distinguished as Phaeotremella frondosa and Phaeotremella fimbriata.

<i>Naematelia</i> Genus of fungi

Naematelia is a genus of fungi in the family Naemateliaceae. All Naematelia species are parasites of other fungi and produce anamorphic yeast states. When produced, basidiocarps, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi." Four species of Naematelia are currently recognized worldwide. One species, Naematelia aurantialba, is commercially cultivated for food.

<i>Naematelia encephala</i> Species of fungus

Naematelia encephala is a species of fungus producing pink, brain-like, gelatinous basidiocarps. It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. In the UK, its recommended English name is conifer brain.

Naematelia aurantialba is a species of fungus producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps parasitic on fruit bodies of another fungus, Stereum hirsutum, on broadleaf trees. In China, where it is called jīn'ěr, it is cultivated for both food and medical purposes.

Phaeotremella fimbriata is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces blackish, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the mycelium of Stereum rugosum, a fungus that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It is widespread in northern Europe. Prior to 2017, the species was generally considered a synonym of Tremella foliacea, but this latter species is restricted to conifers. Phaeotremella frondosa is a similar-looking but paler, brown species on broad-leaved trees and occurs in North America as well as Europe.

Phaeotremella roseotincta is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces pinkish to pale pinkish brown, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Japan and has also been recorded from far eastern Russia.

Phaeotremella eugeniae is a species of fungus in the family Phaeotremellaceae. It produces blackish brown, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps and grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of oak. It was originally described from far eastern Russia and named after Russian mycologist Eugenia Bulakh.

Tremella samoensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces red to orange-yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Samoa and the Philippines, but is widely distributed in the region.

Tremella brasiliensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellow, lobed to firmly foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Brazil.

Tremella yokohamensis is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces white, foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on other fungi on dead wood of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Japan.

Tremella versicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on the basidiocarps of Peniophora species, a genus of corticioid fungi, on dead attached or recently fallen branches. It was originally described from England.

Tremella exigua is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, dark, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi on dead branches of trees and shrubs. It was originally described from France.

Tremella mesenterella is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces yellowish to reddish brown, foliose, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on corticioid fungi on dead branches of broadleaf trees and shrubs. It was originally described from Canada.

Tremella diaporthicola is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces hyaline to pale grey, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on Diaporthe and similar species on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from the US and has also been recorded from Ukraine.

Tremella tremelloides is a species of fungus in the order Tremellales. It produces yellowish, brain-like to densely lobed, gelatinous basidiocarps and is parasitic on Stereum basidiocarps on dead branches of broadleaved trees. It was originally described from the USA.

References

  1. ↑ Chang S, Miles PG (2004). Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact. CRC Press. p. 451.
  2. ↑ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001. PMC   4777781 . PMID   26955199.
  3. 1 2 3 Roberts P. (1995). "British Tremella species I: Tremella aurantia and T. mesenterica". Mycologist. 9 (3): 110–114. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80270-X.
  4. 1 2 3 Overall A (2017). "Tremella aurantia & T. mesenterica, two British 'Yellow Brain Fungi' compared". Field Mycology. 18 (3): 82–84. doi: 10.1016/j.fldmyc.2017.07.005 .
  5. ↑ Bandoni RJ, Zang M (1990). "On an undescribed Tremella from China". Mycologia. 82 (2): 270–273. doi:10.2307/3759859. JSTOR   3759859.
  6. 1 2 "Tremella mesenterica (MushroomExpert.Com)". www.mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  7. ↑ Kibby, Geoffrey (October 2003). "Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians". Field Mycology. 4 (4): 142. doi: 10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60224-1 . ISSN   1468-1641.
  8. ↑ Malysheva VF, Malysheva EF, Bulakh EM (2015). "The genus Tremella (Tremellales, Basidiomycota) in Russia with description of two new species and proposal of one nomenclatural combination". Phytotaxa. 238: 40–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.238.1.2.



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