Peniophora

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Peniophora
Rosy Crust Fungus - Peniophora incarnata (36443147085).jpg
Peniophora incarnata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Peniophoraceae
Genus: Peniophora
Cooke
Type species
Peniophora quercina
(Pers.) Cooke

Peniophora is a genus of fungi which are plant pathogens. Members of the genus belong to the class Agaricomycetes, order Russulales, and family Peniophoraceae. The genus is widespread, and contains 62 species. [1] The species of Peniophora are resupinate, or crust-like, and are described as corticioid. A number of its members are parasitised by other fungi. For example, Tremella mesenterica is a parasite to several species of Peniophora. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and classification

The genus was first described by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke in 1879. The type species is Peniophora quercina , initially named Thelephora quercina by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801 before being transferred to Peniophora by Cooke in 1879. [3] However, this species was also chosen as the type species for the genus Corticium as defined by Persoon in 1794. [4] Until 1981 the starting point for the nomenclature of the corticioid fungi was the publication of Fries' first volume of the Systema mycologicum, which was set at January 1, 1821. Corticium Persoon (1794) was therefore a devalidated name because it was published before the starting point. Mycologists of the later 19th and 20th centuries, including Patouillard (1900), [5] Burt (1914–26), [6] and Bourdot and Galzin (1928) [7] distinguished species of Peniophora Cooke by their hymenial cystidia from species of Corticium Persoon, which lacked them. Despite being synonyms under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), Corticium and Peniophore were used in this encompassing sense well into the 20th century. Changes made to the ICBN in 1981 included moving the starting point date for fungi back to May 1, 1753, the publication date of Linnaeus' Species plantarum . Names published between 1753 and 1821 (including Corticium) are now considered valid.

When Cooke described Peniophora, he incorporated many crustlike species whose fruit bodies possess in the hymenium sterile, hair-like structures termed cystidia. Subsequent investigators, such as Bresadola and Burt accepted and expanded upon Cooke's concept of the genus, placing in it nearly all corticiaceous species that produced cystidia. Often, other taxonomically significant characters were not fully considered, and as a result, Peniophora soon became a heterogeneous assemblage of species. A number of morphological studies were carried out in the 20th century to better characterize the genus. Bourdot and Galzin (1912, 1928) were among the first investigators to recognize that certain species within the genus had more distinct affinities with each other than with other members of the genus. This prompted them to divide the genus into sections and groups of seemingly morphologically related species, such as the sections Coloratae and Membranaceae. [8] Later, several species of the section Membranaceae would be transferred into the genus Phanerochaete . [9] Later attempts to refine the infrageneric classification of Peniophora included morphology, physiology, development, cytogenetics, cytology and biochemistry. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]

Partial list of species

Selected species, for a complete list see List of Peniophora species:

Related Research Articles

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<i>Peniophora quercina</i> Species of fungus

Peniophora quercina is a species of wood-decay fungus in the family Peniophoraceae. It produces fruit bodies that vary in appearance depending on whether they are wet or dry. The wet fruit bodies are waxy and lilac, and attached strongly to the wood on which they grow. When dry, the edges curl up and reveal the dark underside, while the surface becomes crusty and pink. P. quercina is the type species of the genus Peniophora, with the species being reclassified as a member of the genus upon the latter's creation by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke. P. quercina is found primarily in Europe, where it can be encountered all year. Though primarily growing upon dead wood, especially oak, it is also capable of growing upon still-living wood.

Mycostigma is a genus of fungi in the family Atheliaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Mycostigma aegeritoides, found in Europe.

<i>Amphinema byssoides</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Tulasnella aurantiaca</i> Species of fungus

Tulasnella aurantiaca is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. It produces orange-red, pustular, gelatinous anamorphic states on dead, deciduous wood. Originally described from Europe, it also occurs in North America where the species appears to be more common.

Oliveonia is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species form thin, effused, corticioid basidiocarps with microscopically prominent cystidia and aseptate basidia producing basidiospores that give rise to secondary spores. All species are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. The genus was originally published by American mycologist L.S. Olive in 1957 as Heteromyces, but this is an illegitimate later homonym of the lichen genus Heteromyces Müll.Arg. (1889). The genus was renamed Oliveonia by Dutch mycologist M.A. Donk in 1958.

References

  1. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p.  507. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. ↑ Zugmaier W, Bauer R, Oberwinkler F (1994). "Mycoparasitism of some Tremella species". Mycologia. 86 (1): 49–56. doi:10.2307/3760718. JSTOR   3760718.(subscription required)
  3. ↑ Cooke MC. (1879). "On Peniophora". Grevillea. 8 (45): 17–21.
  4. ↑ Persoon CH. (1794). "Neuer Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Schwamme". Romer's Neues Magazin für die Botanik (in German). 1: 63–128.
  5. ↑ Patouillard N. (1900). Essai Taxonomique sur les familles et les Genres Des Hyménomycètes (in French). Lons-le-Saunier, France: Lucien Declume.
  6. ↑ Burt EA. (1914–26). "The Thelephoraceae of North America, parts I–XV". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1–13.
  7. ↑ Bourdot H, Galzin A (1928). Hyménomycètes de France (in French). Paris: Paul Lechevalier.
  8. ↑ Bourdot H. (1912). "Hyménomycètes de France IV. Corticies". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 28: 349–409.
  9. ↑ Parmasto E. (1967). "Corticiaceae U.R.S.S. IV. Descriptiones taxorum novorum. Combinationes novae". Eesti NSV. Tead. Akad. Toitet. XVI Köide. Biol. 16 (4): 377–94.
  10. ↑ Donk MA. (1956). "Notes on resupinate Hymenomycetes III". Fungus. 26: 3–24.
  11. ↑ Donk MA. (1957). "The generic names proposed for Hymenomycetes VII. Thelephoraceae". Taxon. 6 (4): 106–23. doi:10.2307/1217754. JSTOR   1217754.(subscription required)
  12. ↑ Donk MA. (1962). "Notes on resupinate Hymenomycetes VI". Persoonia. 2 (2): 217–38.
  13. ↑ Eriksson J. (1950). "Peniophora Cke. Sect. Coloratae Bourd. and Galz". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 10 (5): 1–76.
  14. ↑ Eriksson J. (1958). "Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes-Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in north Sweden". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 16 (1): 1–172.
  15. ↑ Weresub LK, Gibson S (1960). "Stereum pini in North America". Canadian Journal of Botany. 38 (5): 833–67. doi:10.1139/b60-073.
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