| Phanerochaete | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Phanerochaete velutina | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Phanerochaetaceae |
| Genus: | Phanerochaete P.Karst (1889) |
| Type species | |
| Phanerochaete alnea (Fr.) P.Karst. (1889) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
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Phanerochaete is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1889. [2] Marinus Anton Donk redefined the limits of the genus in two publications in 1957 and 1962. [3] [4] Phanerochaete has traditionally been delimited based on the overall morphology of the fruit body, as well as microscopic characteristics including the nature of the hyphal structure, cystidia, and spores. Molecular analyses demonstrate that the genus is polyphyletic, containing members placed throughout the phlebioid clade of the Polyporales. [5] [6]
The genus name is derived from the Greek words φανεφός ("distinct") and χαίτη ("hair"). [3]
Phanerochaete species have membranaceous, crust-like fruit bodies. The hyphal system is monomitic, with simple-septate generative hyphae; single or multiple clamps may be present in the subiculum. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped and smooth. Spores of the genus are thin-walled, inamyloid, hyaline, and have a cylindrical to ellipsoidal shape. Phanerochaete species cause white rot on both conifers and hardwoods. [5]
Phanerochaete includes white rot fungi that are able to degrade the woody polymer lignin to carbon dioxide. This is achieved, in part, by lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. These peroxidases are also able to mediate oxidation of a wide variety of organic pollutants. The genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was sequenced and shows the genetic potential to make over 100 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. [7] White rot fungi have been used in bioremediation efforts to break down potentially harmful chemicals in soil and in water. [8] For example, phenol-formaldehyde is degraded by P. chrysosporium, [9] while P. sordida breaks down the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin. [10]
As of December 2016 [update] , Index Fungorum accepts 92 species of Phanerochaete: [11]
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family.
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
Auriporia is a small genus of four species of poroid fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Byssomerulius is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Candelabrochaete is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
Phlebia is a genus of mostly crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution. Phlebia species cause white rot.
Mycoacia is a genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. It was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1931.
Gloeoporus is a genus of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution.
Phlebiopsis is a genus of poroid crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus contains 11 species, which collectively have a widespread distribution. The genome sequence of the type species, Phlebiopsis gigantea, was published in 2014.
Hyphodermella is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists John Eriksson and Leif Ryvarden in 1976.
Hjortstamia is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. It was circumscribed by French mycologists Jacques Boidin and Gérard Gilles in 2003.
Hyphoderma is a genus of crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. It was circumscribed by German botanist Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833.
Hypochnicium is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist John Eriksson in 1958.
Steccherinum is a widely distributed genus of toothed crust fungi in the family Steccherinaceae.
Dentocorticium is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was revised in 2018, with several new species added and some older species transferred to other genera, based on phylogenetic analyses.
Epithele is a genus of crust fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
Hydnophlebia omnivora is a species of crust fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It causes white rot in various woody angiosperms, being found in arid regions of the Southern United States, northern Mexico, and Uruguay.
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
Efibula is a genus of 16 species of crust fungi in the family Irpicaceae.
| Authority control databases: National |
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