National Hispanic Heritage Month

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[[Archivo:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_by_county.png|link=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_by_county.png%7Cthumb%7C400x400px%7CProportion of Hispanics and Latinos in each county of the United according to the United States Census in 2020.]] National Hispanic Heritage Month (Spanish: Mes nacional de la herencia hispana) is annually observed from September 15 to October 15 in the United States for recognizing the contributions and influence of Hispanic culture to the nation's achievements, culture, and history. [1] [2]

Contents

History

National Hispanic Heritage Week was established by legislation sponsored by Rep. George Brown Jr. of Los Angeles and signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson in 1968, [3] [4] [5] taking place on the week including both September 15 and 16. [6] In 1988, the commemorative week was expanded to a month (September 15 to October 15) by legislation sponsored by Rep. Esteban Torres (D–CA), amended by Senator Paul Simon, and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. [3] September 15 was chosen as the starting point for the commemoration because it is the anniversary of the Cry of Dolores (early morning, 16 September 1810), which marked the start of the Mexican War of Independence and thus resulted (in 1821) in independence for the New Spain Colony (now Mexico and the Central American nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua) which became the Federal Republic of Central America.

The 30-day period also includes many dates of importance in the Hispanic community: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua celebrate their anniversary of independence on September 15; Mexico commemorates its independence on September 16; Chile commemorates its independence on September 18; and the celebration Columbus Day or Día de la Raza. [7]

Hispanic Heritage Week was first proclaimed by President Johnson in 1968 in Presidential Proclamation 3869. [8] Presidents Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Reagan gave annual proclamations for Hispanic Heritage Week between 1969 and 1988. National Hispanic Heritage Month was first proclaimed by President George H. W. Bush on September 14, 1989, in Presidential Proclamation 6021. [9] Since 1989, all Presidents have given a Presidential Proclamation to mark Hispanic Heritage Month. [10]

Military commemorations

National Hispanic Heritage Month is a time for the U.S. Military to honor both fallen and active-duty Hispanic Americans who served in the armed forces. Sixty-one people of Hispanic heritage have been awarded the Medal of Honor, two were presented to members of the Navy, 13 to members of the U.S. Marine Corps, and 46 to members of the U.S. Army. [11]

During the month, the U.S. Army commemorates the longstanding and remarkable contributions that Hispanics have made in building and defending the nation. [12] As of September 2018, 136,000 Hispanic soldiers serve, composing 13.8 percent of the Army. According to the official Army website, the goal during Hispanic Heritage Month is to celebrate the diverse and inclusive environment of the U.S. Army. Through coordinated efforts throughout the Army, this observance will be used to inform Army audiences and celebrate the contributions of Hispanic soldiers, civilians, and their families. [12] The representation of Hispanic Americans on active duty has increased by 10 percentage points during the past 30 years. In 1985, it was three percent, and by 2016 it was 13.7 percent. [13]

The U.S. Navy celebrates Hispanic Heritage Month by honoring sailors of Hispanic heritage whose military service dates back to the Civil War. As of June 2018, approximately 59,000 active and reserve sailors of Hispanic heritage serve in the U.S. Navy and Marines. [11]

Annual events

Established in 2013 by the Fayetteville Chamber of Commerce, the annual Northwest Arkansas Hispanic Heritage Festival is held in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

The El Barrio Latin Jazz Festival in The Bronx, New York City is held annually in September to coincide with Hispanic Heritage Month.

The Smithsonian Institution hosts Hispanic Heritage Month events in Washington, D.C. One event is the Zoo Fiesta. In 2018, the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian hosted the Realm of the Jaguar a series of performances featuring dances of Bolivia, Mexico and Guatemala, in addition to mask making and traditional and contemporary ceramics." [14]

The Hispanic Family Festival is held annually at Springdale Park in Springdale, Holyoke, Massachusetts. [15]

The Official Latino Short Film Festival began in 2015.[ where? ] [16]

The Hispanic Star, a platform created by the We Are All Human Foundation, [17] hosted a virtual Hispanic Heritage Month kick-off[ where? ] in 2020 featuring artists such as Residente and Fonseca, as well as civic and corporate leaders. [18] The program engaged leaders to discuss Hispanic heritage and pride, the community's reality and Hispanic success stories. [19] The organization also published a toolkit developed to help individuals and organizations join in the celebration. [20] [21]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Juneteenth</span> US holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people

Juneteenth, officially Juneteenth National Independence Day, is a federal holiday in the United States. It is celebrated annually on June 19 to commemorate the ending of slavery in the United States. The holiday's name is a portmanteau of the words "June" and "nineteenth", as it was on June 19, 1865, when Major General Gordon Granger ordered the final enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas at the end of the American Civil War. In the Civil War period, slavery came to an end in various areas of the United States at different times. Many enslaved Southerners escaped, demanded wages, stopped work, or took up arms against the Confederacy of slave states. In January 1865, Congress finally proposed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution for national abolition of slavery. By June 1865, almost all enslaved were freed by the victorious Union Army, or abolition laws in some of the remaining U.S. states. When the national abolition amendment was ratified in December, the remaining enslaved in Delaware and in Kentucky were freed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbus Day</span> National holiday in the Americas

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armed Forces Day</span> National holidays honoring military forces

An Armed Forces Day, alongside its branch-specific variants often referred to as Army or Soldier's Day, Navy or Sailor's Day, and Air Force or Aviator's Day, is a holiday dedicated to honoring the armed forces, or one of their branches, of a sovereign state, including their personnel, history, achievements, and perceived sacrifices. It's often patriotic or nationalistic in nature, carrying propaganda value outside of the conventional boundaries of a military's subculture and into the wider civilian society. Many nations around the world observe this day. It is usually distinct from a Veterans or Memorial Day, as the former is dedicated to those who previously served and the latter is dedicated to those who perished in the fulfillment of their duties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Independence Day (United States)</span> Public holiday celebrated on July 4

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Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month is observed in the United States during the month of May, and recognizes the contributions and influence of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Independence Day (Philippines)</span> National holiday in the Philippines

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Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in October and November in the United States, Canada, Saint Lucia, Liberia, and unofficially in countries like Brazil, Germany and the Philippines. It is also observed in the Dutch town of Leiden and the Australian territory of Norfolk Island. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessings of the harvest and of the preceding year. Various similarly named harvest festival holidays occur throughout the world during autumn. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National American Indian Heritage Month</span> Annual commemorative month honoring Native American culture

On August 3, 1990, President of the United States George H. W. Bush declared the month of November as National American Indian Heritage Month. The bill read in part that "The President has authorized and requested to call upon Federal, State and local Governments, groups and organizations and the people of the United States to observe such month with appropriate programs, ceremonies and activities". This landmark bill honoring America's tribal people represented a major step in the establishment of this celebration which began in 1976 when a Cherokee/Osage Indian named Jerry C. Elliott-High Eagle authored Native American Awareness Week legislation the first historical week of recognition in the nation for native peoples. This led to 1986 with then President Ronald Reagan proclaiming November 23–30, 1986, as "American Indian Week".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinco de Mayo</span> Annual celebration held on May 5

Cinco de Mayo is an annual celebration held on May 5 to celebrate Mexico's victory over the Second French Empire at the Battle of Puebla in 1862, led by General Ignacio Zaragoza. Zaragoza died months after the battle from an illness, however, and a larger French force ultimately defeated the Mexican army at the Second Battle of Puebla and then occupied Mexico City. Following the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the United States began lending money and guns to the Mexican Liberals, pushing France and Mexican Conservatives to the edge of defeat. At the opening of the French chambers in January 1866, Napoleon III announced that he would withdraw French troops from Mexico. In reply to a French request for American neutrality, the American secretary of state William H. Seward replied that French withdrawal from Mexico should be unconditional.

As of 2016, the Hispanic and Latino community made up nine percent of Washington, D.C.'s population, and 44.9 percent of non-English-speaking households spoke Spanish. The district’s Latino population has been increasing steadily since the 1980s as its total population has declined. More immigrants from Latin American countries have settled in the district, and there has been an increase in births to Latina mothers compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Latinos living in D.C. are more likely to be immigrants than non-Latinos, and Latino immigrants in the district are predominantly from El Salvador, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. D.C. Latino households are more likely to consist of a married couple than non-Latino households, and include more children.

National Arab American Heritage Month (NAAHM) takes place in April. It celebrates the Arab American heritage and culture and pays tribute to the contributions of Arab Americans and Arabic-speaking Americans.

Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United States, particularly in the arts, science, and culture. This proclamation was led by the Italian senator Tate Downs. Events are held throughout the month to celebrate and educate the public about Italian-American history and culture. It was first celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in October, and Leif Erikson day on October 9. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country.

References

  1. ↑ "Celebrating National Hispanic Heritage Month!". Natural Resources Conservation Service Caribbean Area. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "National Hispanic Heritage Month". Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 "The Creation and Evolution of the National Hispanic Heritage Celebration | House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  4. ↑ Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education. SAGE Publications. 2008-06-05. ISBN   9781452265964.
  5. ↑ "About National Hispanic Heritage Month". hispanicheritagemonth.gov. The Library of Congress.
  6. ↑ "H.J.Res.1299 - Joint resolution authorizing the President to proclaim annually the week including September 15 and 16 as "National Hispanic Heritage Week"".
  7. ↑ "About National Hispanic Heritage Month". hispanicheritagemonth.gov. The Library of Congress.
  8. ↑ "National Hispanic Heritage Month". Library Of Congress. May 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Proclamation 6021—National Hispanic Heritage Month, 1989 | the American Presidency Project".
  10. ↑ Molly Higgins; Gary Sidor (2021-09-13). "National Hispanic Heritage Month: Fact Sheet (R44191)" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  11. 1 2 Poyraz-Dogan, Yonca. "U.S. Navy Observes Hispanic Heritage Month". www.navy.mil. Navy Office of Information Public Affairs. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  12. 1 2 "National Hispanic Heritage Month". www.army.mil. Deputy Chief of Staff, Army G-1. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  13. ↑ "Hispanic Heritage Month". www.usar.army.mil. U.S. Army Reserve. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  14. ↑ "Heritage and History Month Events". Hispanicheritagemonth.gov.
  15. ↑ Hispanic Family Festival Website
  16. ↑ "OFFICIAL LATINO – Empowering the American Latino Filmmaker and Actor".
  17. ↑ "About Us".
  18. ↑ Closing Hispanic Heritage Month (Digital production). 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
  19. ↑ "Hispanic Star Kicks Off Hispanic Heritage Month with Virtual Opening Ceremony" (Press release).
  20. ↑ "Hispanic Star Kicks Off Hispanic Heritage Month with Virtual Opening Ceremony". 16 September 2020.
  21. ↑ "(OP-ED) Representation matters". 29 April 2021.

Bibliography

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