National Library of New Zealand

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National Library of New Zealand
Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa
National Library of New Zealand logo.svg
NLNZ ext 5.jpg
Headquarters in Wellington
National Library of New Zealand
41°16′36″S174°46′42″E / 41.276614°S 174.778372°E / -41.276614; 174.778372
LocationMolesworth Street, Thorndon, Wellington, New Zealand
Established1965
Branch of Department of Internal Affairs
Collection
Size1,515,172 in General Collections
5,333,500 in Alexander Turnbull Library
Other information
BudgetNZ$31,850,000 (2006)
Director Rachel Esson (Te Pouhuaki National Librarian)
Website natlib.govt.nz

The National Library of New Zealand (Māori : Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa) is charged with the obligation to "enrich the cultural and economic life of New Zealand and its interchanges with other nations" (National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Mātauranga) Act 2003). Under the Act, the library's duties include collecting, preserving and protecting New Zealand's documentary heritage, supporting other libraries in New Zealand, and collaborating with peer institutions abroad. [1] The library headquarters is on the corner of Aitken and Molesworth Streets in Wellington, close to the New Zealand Parliament Buildings and the Court of Appeal.

Contents

The National Library is New Zealand's legal deposit library, and the Legal Deposit Office is the country's agency for ISBN and ISSN. The library supports schools through its Services to Schools business unit, which has curriculum and advisory branches around New Zealand.

History

The lobby of National Library Wellington National Library of New Zealand lobby.jpg
The lobby of National Library Wellington

Origins

The National Library of New Zealand was formed in 1965 when the General Assembly Library, the Alexander Turnbull Library, and the National Library Service were brought together by the National Library Act 1965.

The General Assembly Library was founded from money voted by Parliament in 1856 and soon became "a magnificent national treasure house in a splendid building". [2] From its beginnings until it became the National Library, it always comprised a parliamentary information service of documents and newspapers plus an extensive library of international research and literature. [3]

The Alexander Turnbull Library was founded in 1920 and grew to hold a "comprehensive collection" of primarily New Zealand culture and history, Māori and non-Māori. [4] The National Library Service, established in 1945, was made up of four divisions: the Country Library Service, the School Library Service, a National Library centre and Library School in Wellington. [5]

Consolidation

In 1974, the Archive of New Zealand Music was established at the suggestion of New Zealand composer Douglas Lilburn. [6]

In 1976 Mary Ronnie became the first female national librarian in the world, due to becoming New Zealand's first female National Librarian, at the National Library of New Zealand. [7]

In 1985, the General Assembly Library returned to become part of the Parliamentary Service, changing its name in 1987 to the Parliamentary Library. [8] When it separated from the National Library, the National Library then took guardianship of hundreds of thousands of international volumes previously acquired by the General Assembly Library, and the National Library continued to curate the traditional international library.

In 1987, staff and collections from 14 different sites around Wellington were centralised in a new National Library building, officially opened in August. The architecture of the building is said to have been heavily influenced by the design of the Boston City Hall, [9] but direct reference to the Birmingham Central Library should not be ruled out.[ citation needed ]

In 1988, the National Library became an autonomous government department where previously it had been administered by the Department of Education. The same year, the Library took on the te reo Māori name Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, which translated means: the wellspring of knowledge, of New Zealand. [10]

Restructuring and renovations

In early 1998 an ambitious $8.5 million computer project was scrapped. [11]

The National Library building was to be expanded and upgraded in 2009–2011, [12] but the incoming Fifth National Government greatly scaled down the scope of the work, reducing the budget for it and delaying the commencement, arguing concerns about the cost of the project and the reduction in the accessibility of collections and facilities during the construction work. [13] The building closed for two years, reopening in June 2012, while refurbishment continued. [14]

On 25 March 2010 the Minister of State Services announced that Archives New Zealand and the National Library of New Zealand would be subsumed under the Department of Internal Affairs. [15]

In June 2018 a National Archival and Library Institutions Ministerial Group (NALI) was announced. [16] The purpose of NALI was to examine the structure and role of the National Library, Archives New Zealand and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, the position of the Chief Archivist and National Librarian, and the future of collecting, preserving and providing access to New Zealand's documentary heritage, particularly digital preservation and access. Before and since NALI was set up concern has been expressed about the National Library being part of the Department of Internal Affairs. [17]

In December 2020, the Department of Internal Affairs confirmed that the National library along with Archives New Zealand and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision would move to a new purpose built business park called the Horowhenua Business Park in Levin at an unspecified date. [18]

In February 2022 Internal Affairs Minister Jan Tinetti, Archives NZ chief archivist Stephen Clarke and Māori iwi (tribe) Taranaki Whānui Te Āti Awa confirmed that the Government would build a new archives building on the site of the former Defence House on Wellington's Aitken Street between the present Archives NZ and National Library buildings. The new NZ$290 million building will also host archives repository and specialist facilities for the National Library, Archives New Zealand and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. [19] [20]

Overseas published collections review

In 2015, the National Library signalled the beginning of a review process of their international collections, comprising the General Assembly international library in its guardianship of General Assembly collections and substantial post-1965 acquisitions. The National Library classified these collections as "overseas published collections". [21] This was done in consultation with New Zealand’s library sector. [22] The review process was publicly announced in December 2019. [22]

Under the aegis of the Department of Internal Affairs, operations began in 2018 to dispense with 625,000 "overseas published" books, out of a total of overseas published collections amounting to 710,000 items. [23]

In October 2019, the library announced its intention to offer the books to local libraries, prison libraries, and community groups. [24] [25] The library stated the weeding was being done to create "room to continue to grow our Māori, Pacific and New Zealand collections and to build well-managed coherent collections that support the National Library’s functions, in line with our legislated mandate and collections policy." [22]

In September 2020, the review and weeding of overseas published book collections began to be discussed in the New Zealand media. The review attracted both positive and negative international and local media coverage. [26] [27]

The review revealed that some of the books may be of pertinence to New Zealand/Aotearoan history and on-going narratives. [21] [28] Concerned that researchers would lose access, the weeding of over 600,000 books was challenged by the advocacy group Book Guardians Aotearoa. [29] The books in question are housed in Wellington and Whanganui. [30] In July 2021 the Library announced it had made a donation agreement with the Internet Archive to take the books and digitise them, making them available to researchers on their Open Library platform. [31] [32]

In September 2021, the Publishers Association of New Zealand and the New Zealand Society of Authors lodged an appeal against the legality of the National Library's donation to Internet Archive with the attorney-general, arguing that the donation breached copyright law and expressing concern about the future of the books should the archive be ordered to close. [33] In October 2021, British novelist Philip Pullman, the President of the British Society of Authors, criticised the donation for allegedly breaching copyright laws. Wellington QC Hugh Rennie also alleged that the National Library was receiving advice from a lawyer unauthorised to practise in New Zealand, in response to Tohatoha copyright adviser Michael Wolfe's statement in support of the donation agreement. [34] The lawyers Andrew Brown QC and Jack Oliver-Hood also opined that the deal made the library liable for copyright infringement in New Zealand courts. [35]

The Library states that the Internet Archive uses controlled digital lending to "prevent illicit copying and ensure that copies are loaned to one person at a time" and that "controlled digital lending provides a way to ensure protection for content creators as well as the ability for people to be able to access and use the work that's been created." [36] The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) issued a statement in support of controlled digital lending and highlighted the degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for legislation to enable libraries to provide temporary digital access to library holdings. [37]

The Library's donation agreement with the Internet Archive was supported by library groups [38] and New Zealand civil society organisations. [39]

Writers Against NZ National Library Disposals opposition to reduction of National Library General Collections, November 2021 Creative Sector opposition to National Library of NZ book depletions.jpg
Writers Against NZ National Library Disposals opposition to reduction of National Library General Collections, November 2021

The overseas published collections project was supported by the library sector including the Council of New Zealand University Librarians (CONZUL), Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa (LIANZA) and the Library Information Advisory Committee (LIAC), which advises the Minister of Internal Affairs. [36]

However, several groups including the Book Guardians Aotearoa, the Publishers' Association, the Society of Authors and Writers Against National Library Disposals have been opposing moves to donate the 600,000 books by writing articles, organising events and publishing a 64 page anthology of writing. [40] Organisations that protect writer and publisher copyright particularly PANZ and NZSA (PEN NZ) are primarily concerned with the interests of their clients and members, e.g. illegal copying of books. [41] Meanwhile, groups like Writers Against National Library Disposals (referred to by government as the "creative sector") and Book Guardians Aotearoa advocate for increased government funding for correct storage and professional curation of the international collection, to encourage and facilitate public accessibility to the threatened books. The Creative Sector does not oppose digitisation, but wishes it to occur within New Zealand as long as it fully respects authors' rights. [42]

On 29 November 2021, the National Library of New Zealand announced that it was "reconsidering" its contract with Internet Archive, and would make an announcement in early 2022 regarding its continuation or cancellation. [43] [44] The National Library of New Zealand has also stated that it would enter into consultation with all the authors' rights and creative sector groups concerned, in 2022. [45] On 31 October 2022, in a letter that seems to bring the protests and the process of disposals to some kind of resolution, the director of the New Zealand National Library announced that the library is "developing a new policy for removing and disposing of collection items". [46] Details of this new policy are expected to be made public in 2023 prior to the next general election.

Collections

Reading room at National Library [pre-2009], Wellington Wellington National Library 01.jpg
Reading room at National Library [pre-2009], Wellington

The National Library's collections are stored in the main building in Wellington and several other locations in New Zealand such as the former National Computer Centre in Whanganui. The library has three main groups: the General Collections which includes New Zealand published and overseas published volumes, the Schools Collection, and the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library. Physical access to some of the collections may be requested through digital portals, and digital acquisitions are possible through products and online resources.

The General Collections focus on supporting the information needs of New Zealanders through services to individuals, schools and researchers, with notable collections such as the Dorothy Neal White Collection. The Schools Collection contains books and other material to support teaching and learning in New Zealand schools.

General Assembly Library collections

From the foundation of the National Library in 1965 until 1986 the General Assembly Library was one of the three pillars of the institution. The General Assembly Library had previously acted as a de facto National Library, offering recess privileges to the public when parliament was not in session. In 1924, for example, "6,135 books were issued during the recess period, and 670 recess access cards had been granted". [47] The Chief Librarian further notes that "the New Zealand General Assembly Library is the only legislative library in the world from which volumes may be taken out during the recess". Until 1986, its collections included a significant overseas collection and copious parliamentary documents. The General Assembly Library became a stand-alone institution in 1986, when it restricted its focus to documents of immediate pertinence to parliamentary activities. Many of its overseas collections remained with the National Library and some works, particularly its rare books, then entered under the protection of the Alexander Turnbull Library.

Alexander Turnbull Library

The Alexander Turnbull Library was founded in 1919 by Alexander Turnbull (1868–1918), whose bequest to the nation included the 55,000 volume nucleus of the current collection. In later years, the library made its own acquisitions and his bequest was augmented with books from the General Assembly Library collections. The Alexander Turnbull Library is now part of National Library but its collections are fully protected by law and may not be sold or otherwise disposed of by the Direction of the National library. Unlike the general collections of the National Library, the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library are normally held in its Wellington building, the National Library building constructed in 1987. [48] Turnbull House, the library's former location in Bowen Street in downtown Wellington, is now managed by Heritage New Zealand. [49] It is charged under the Act to:

Turnbull collected the works of John Milton extensively, and the library now has holdings of Milton's works which are "ranked among the finest in the world" and "good collections of seventeenth-century poetical miscellanies and of Dryden material, ... along with fine sets of literary periodicals." [51]

Chief librarians of the Alexander Turnbull Library have been:

The Friends of the Turnbull Library (FoTL) is an incorporated society that supports the work of the Alexander Turnbull Library by organising events, activities and offering an annual research grant to a scholars using the library’s resources. FoTL also funds the publication of the Turnbull Library Record which publishes information about the activities of the library and showcases the Library’s collections. First published in 1940, [52] digital issues of The Turnbull Library Record are available through Papers Past.

Turnbull Library collections

The library houses a number of specialty collections:

The unpublished material held by the Turnbull Library can be searched in Tiaki. [54]

He Tohu

The He Tohu Document Room housing three New Zealand documents significant to its 19th century history He Tohu Document Room.jpg
The He Tohu Document Room housing three New Zealand documents significant to its 19th century history

The He Tohu exhibition displays three nationally significant documents which are on loan from Archives New Zealand's holdings.

The documents were moved from Archives New Zealand on 22 April 2017 under tight security. [55]

Services

Books in the Schools Collection Schools Collection May 2007 2.JPG
Books in the Schools Collection
The National Library Auckland Centre in Parnell National Library Auckland Centre 20230812 130408 02.jpg
The National Library Auckland Centre in Parnell

The National Library has been providing support to schools since 1942 and the current service operates from centres in Auckland and Christchurch. [56] Services to Schools has three priorities:

School libraries can keep up-to-date with research on school libraries, and gain advice on management, finance and staffing, collection management, library systems, and teaching and learning. Reading engagement encompasses advice on supporting children's reading and children's and young adults literature. Digital literacy supports the school library's role in developing digital literacy and inquiry learning. [56]

Other services include:

National Digital Heritage Archive

Established in 2004, the National Digital Heritage Archive (NDHA) is a partnership between the National Library, Ex Libris and Sun Microsystems to develop a digital archive and preservation management system. [58] A digital storehouse, the system ensures that websites, digital images, CDs, DVDs and other 'digitally born' and digitised items that make up the Library's growing digital heritage collections will, despite technical obsolescence, be preserved and remain accessible to researchers, students and library users now and in the future.

Papers Past

The Papers Past website, run by the National Library of New Zealand, provides free access to digitised newspapers, magazines, journals, letters, diaries, and parliamentary papers from the 19th and 20th centuries. It was launched in 2001. [59] In 2014 it included an estimated 3.3 million digitised pages. [60] Since 12 September 2024 a correctable text feature has been added, allowing users to correct automatically generated text. [61]

Index New Zealand

Index New Zealand (INNZ) is a freely accessible online index of articles from journals, magazines and newspapers covering New Zealand and the South Pacific, with some links to the full text of articles. [62] Updating of the Index ceased on 21 June 2024, though the historic entries will remain available. [63]

Aotearoa People's Network Kaharoa

Established in 2007, the Aotearoa People's Network Kaharoa (APNK) provides internet access to the public through local libraries in New Zealand. [64] The service provides funding for internet connectivity and computing hardware. In 2009 the service won an award from the Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa. [65]

National librarians

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References

  1. ↑ "National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa) Act 2003". Legislation New Zealand. Parliamentary Counsel Office. 5 May 2003. sec. 7. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  2. ↑ "History of the Parliamentary Library". New Zealand Parliament. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Parliament's Library 150 Years, John E. Martin, Crown Copyright, 2008
  4. ↑ "Alexander Turnbull Library Collections". National Library of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  5. ↑ "Country Library Service – Mobile Books!". DigitalNZ. National Library of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Archive of New Zealand Music". natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  7. ↑ Millen, Julia (22 October 2014). "Mary Ronnie, National Librarian, 1978". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  8. ↑ "New Zealand Parliamentary Library". Association of Parliamentary Libraries of Australasia. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  9. ↑ Catherall, Saul (22 August 2009). "National Library: Bookworm heaven vs wow factor". The Dominion Post . Stuff. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021.
  10. ↑ "Our history". National Library of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  11. ↑ Gifford, Adam (19 January 1999). "Library systems miss out on NZ technology". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  12. ↑ "$69m plan to extend National Library". The Dominion Post . Stuff. 26 May 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  13. ↑ "Concern over plans for National Library". The Dominion Post . Stuff. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012.
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  15. ↑ "State sector changes to improve performance". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019.
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  17. ↑ Gilling, Don (26 February 2019). "What's needed for the National Library, Turnbull and Archives". Wellington.Scoop. Scoop. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  18. ↑ Baalbergen, Janine (11 December 2020). "National Library and other government services to move to Horowhenua". Horowhenua Chronicle . The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  19. ↑ Chumko, André (1 February 2022). "New $290m national archives facility to be built in Wellington". Stuff . Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  20. ↑ "Groundbreaking ceremony for new archives building behind National Library". Wellington.Scoop. Scoop. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  21. 1 2 "Overseas Published Collections — collection management project". National Library of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 "National Library makes more room for New Zealand and Pacific stories". National Library of New Zealand. 18 December 2019.
  23. ↑ Larsen, David (20 January 2020). "The National Library cull of 600,000 books could be a disaster for researchers". The Spinoff . Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  24. ↑ Roy, Eleanor (11 September 2020). "'I literally weep': anguish as New Zealand's National Library culls 600,000 books". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  25. ↑ Corlett, Eva (13 September 2020). "National Library in middle of first major cull of international books". New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  26. ↑ "'Weed in the dead of night': A librarian shares the secrets of book-culling". The Spinoff . 4 February 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021.
  27. ↑ "Viewpoint: Weeding is essential for healthy library collections". Libraries Aotearoa. Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa. 15 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  28. ↑ Lee, Jonathan (19 December 2020). "A cultural and intellectual impoverishment". Book Guardians Aotearoa. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  29. ↑ Gordon, Rosie (12 October 2020). "Book Guardians Aotearoa group to challenge National Library planned cull of 600,000 books". Newshub . Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  30. ↑ Tweed, Mike. "National Library collection at Whanganui's Wairere House to be redistributed". The New Zealand Herald . Archived from the original on 19 October 2021.
  31. ↑ Chumko, Andre (12 July 2021). "National Library signs 'historic' agreement to donate 600,000 books to online archive". Stuff . Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  32. ↑ "National Library signs historic agreement with Internet Archive". National Library of New Zealand. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021.
  33. ↑ Chumko, Andre (15 September 2021). "Attorney-General asked to investigate National Library-Internet Archive deal". Stuff . Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  34. ↑ Wolfe, Michael (24 July 2021). "Controlled digital lending – is it 'piracy'?". Archived from the original on 23 July 2021.
  35. ↑ Chumko, André (18 October 2021). "International concern about Internet Archive-National Library deal". Stuff . Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  36. 1 2 "Overseas Published Collections — collection management project". National Library of New Zealand. 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "IFLA releases a statement on Controlled Digital Lending". International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. 16 June 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021.
  38. ↑ "Proactive release of Ministerial approval and letters from LIAC and CONZUL relating to the management of the National Library's Overseas Published Collections" (PDF). Department of Internal Affairs. 25 November 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2021.
  39. ↑ "National Library's plan to digitise and preserve books draws wide support from New Zealand civil society organisations". Tohatoha. 21 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021.
  40. ↑ Chumko, Andre (28 July 2021). "Writers pen anthology about National Library books donation as divide deepens". The Dominion Post . Stuff. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  41. ↑ "The National Library disposing of tens of thousands of books?". Radio New Zealand . 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  42. ↑ Direen, William. "Ten writers at public protest against National Library plans to get rid of books". Wellington.scoop.co.nz. Scoop. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  43. ↑ "National Library reconsiders book disposal plan". Radio New Zealand . 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  44. ↑ Chumko, Andre (29 November 2021). "National Library hits pause on Internet Archive deal days before deadline". Stuff . Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  45. ↑ "Latest update from Te Pouhuaki National Librarian". National Library of New Zealand. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  46. ↑ Letter to subscribers by Rachel Esson, National Librarian: "Latest OPC Update from Te Pouhuaki National Librarian" and "the last update I will be sending out specifically relating to the Overseas Published Collections."
  47. ↑ Report of the Chief Librarian for the Year 1924–25, by General Assembly Library (New Zealand). Editor: Charles Wilson
  48. ↑ "National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa) Act 2003". New Zealand Legislation. Parliamentary Counsel Office. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  49. ↑ "Historic Wellington buildings transfer". Department of Conservation. 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  50. ↑ "Purposes of Alexander Turnbull Library". New Zealand Legislation. Parliamentary Counsel Office. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  51. ↑ "TURNBULL, Alexander Horsburgh". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  52. ↑ Oliver, Fiona (4 September 2018). "The Turnbull Library Record: Past and Future". National Library of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
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