Nesolechia (fungus)

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Nesolechia
Nesolechia oxyspora.jpg
Nesolechia oxyspora growing on Punctelia rudecta
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Nesolechia
A.Massal. (1856)
Type species
Nesolechia oxyspora
(Tul.) A.Massal. (1856)
Species

N. doerfeltii
N. falcispora
N. oxyspora

Nesolechia is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. [1] All three species in the genus grow on lichens. Nesolechia probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi. [2]

Contents

Nesolechia fungi typically develop gall-like structures on their hosts that may be roughly spherical to lobe-like or leafy. [3]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1856 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, with Nesolechia oxyspora assigned as the type species. It contained species formerly placed in Abrothallus that produced ascospores without a septum. He also included N. inquinans, N. thallicola, N. heeri, and N. punctum in the genus; [4] these are now placed in the genera Micarea , Phacopsis , Scutula , and Bachmanniomyces , respectively. In his 1930 work on parasitic fungi, Karl von Keissler included 10 species in Nesolechia. [5]

In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize genus Nesolechia with Punctelia (its lichen-forming sister group), because Nesolechia originated relatively recently and fell under the timeframe threshold for genus level. [6] This proposed synonymy was not accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal phylogenetic approach for fungal classification. [7]

Species

As of July 2021, Species Fungorum accepts three species in Nesolechia: [8]

Index Fungorum lists 62 taxa that have been named Nesolechia, but as Paul Diederich and colleagues explained in their 2018 review of lichenicolous fungi, "A high morphological plasticity, sometimes correlated with host selection, has led to the description of many poorly characterized taxa", and many of those published names are not accepted by taxonomic authorities, [3] or have been transferred to other genera. The following are taxa previously placed in Nesolechia but now accepted in other genera:

Related Research Articles

Scutula is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthoniaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in Arthonia which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is Arthothelium with 80 species, and Cryptothecia with 60 species.

<i>Micarea</i> Genus of lichen

Micarea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 126 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont is a single-celled green alga.

<i>Diplotomma</i> Genus of lichens in the family Caliciaceae

Diplotomma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 29 species. The genus was circumscribed by Julius von Flotow in 1849. It was later wrapped into Buellia before being segregated from that genus by David Hawksworth in 1980.

<i>Unguiculariopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Unguiculariopsis is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Cordieritidaceae. It has 29 species.

<i>Stigmidium</i> Genus of fungi

Stigmidium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1860, with Stigmidium schaereri assigned as the type species.

<i>Muellerella</i> Genus of lichen

Muellerella is a genus of lichenicolous lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in northern temperate areas, and contains species that live on other lichens, or on liverworts.

Merismatium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Verrucariales. The genus was circumscribed in 1898 by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf.

<i>Carbonea</i> Genus of fungi

Carbonea is a genus of fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. Most of the species grow on lichens. The genus is widespread, and contains 20 species. Carbonea was originally circumscribed as a subgenus of Lecidea in 1967 before it was promoted to generic status in 1983.

<i>Lecidella</i> Genus of fungi

Lecidella is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecanoraceae.

Neoechinodiscus is a genus of two species of lichenicolous fungi with uncertain familial placement in the order Helotiales.

Rhymbocarpus is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Cordieritidaceae. It has 10 species. The genus was circumscribed by German mycologist Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf in 1896, with Rhymbocarpus punctiformis assigned as the type species.

<i>Skyttea</i> Genus of fungi

Skyttea is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Cordieritidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1981 by lichenologists Martha Allen Sherwood, David L. Hawksworth, and Brian J. Coppins, with Skyttea nitschkei assigned as the type species.

<i>Phacopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Phacopsis is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. They are parasites of members of the large lichen family Parmeliaceae, of which they are also a member. Originally proposed by Edmond Tulasne in 1852 to contain 3 species, Phacopsis now contains 10 species, although historically, 33 taxa have been described in the genus. Many of the species are poorly known, some of them having been documented only from the type specimen.

Briancoppinsia is a fungal genus in the family Arthoniaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Briancoppinsia cytospora, a lichenicolous fungus that parasitises parmelioid lichens, as well as Cladonia, Lepra, and Lecanora conizaeoides, among others. The species was first described scientifically by Léon Vouaux in 1914 as Phyllosticta cytospora. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Paul Diederich, Damien Ertz, James Lawrey, and Pieter van den Boom. The genus was named for Brian John Coppins, who is, according to the authors, an "eminent British lichenologist and expert of lichenicolous fungi".

<i>Melaspilea</i> Genus of fungi

Melaspilea is a genus of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the family Melaspileaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1857.

<i>Polycoccum</i> Genus of fungi

Polycoccum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Polycoccaceae. It has about 60 species.

Phacopsis thallicola is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1852 by Italian botanist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, as Lecidea thallicola. The type specimen, collected from the province of Treviso in Italy, was growing on the foliose lichen Parmelia caperata. Dagmar Triebel and Gerhard Walter Rambold transferred the taxon to the genus Phacopsis in 1988. The known generic hosts of Phacopsis thallicola are all in the Parmeliaceae: Parmotrema, Cetrelia, Flavopunctelia, and Hypotrachyna.

Carbonea aggregantula is a species of lichen belonging to the family Lecanoraceae.

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
  2. ↑ "North American Lichen Checklist | Esslinger, T. L. 2009. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University. First posted December 1, 1997; most recent update 27 August, 2009. Fargo, North Dakota". ndsu.nodak.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-12.
  3. 1 2 Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018). "The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa". The Bryologist. 121 (3): 340–425 (see p. 371). doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340. S2CID   92396850.
  4. ↑ Massalongo, A.B. (1856). Miscellanea Lichenologica. Volume Pubblicate in Occasione delle Nozze Bizio-Pazienti (in Italian). Italy, Milano: Civelli. pp. 35–46.
  5. ↑ Keissler, Karl von. Zahlbruckner, A. (ed.). Die Flechtenparasiten. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Die Flechten (Lichenes) (in German). Vol. 8 (2 ed.). Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H.
  6. ↑ Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID   40674310.
  7. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID   202859785.
  8. ↑ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Nesolechia". Catalog of Life Version 2021-04-05. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
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