Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately 40,000 km2 (15,400 sq mi), and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions, Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions, and the Silesian language. The largest city of the region is Wrocław.
Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica river. It lies approximately 25 km west from Katowice, the regional capital of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Bytom is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland, the city is 7 km northwest of Katowice, the regional capital.
Opole is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 127,387 as of the 2021 census, it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship (province) and the seat of Opole County. Its built-up was home to 146,522 inhabitants. It is the largest city in its province.
Kristallnacht (German pronunciation:[kʁɪsˈtalnaχt]lit. 'crystal night') or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced[noˈvɛm.bɐ.poˌɡʁoːmə] ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938. The German authorities looked on without intervening. The euphemistic name Kristallnacht comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues were smashed. The pretext for the attacks was the assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old German-born Polish Jew living in Paris.
Brzeg is a town in southwestern Poland with 34,778 inhabitants and the capital of Brzeg County. It is situated in Silesia in the Opole Voivodeship on the left bank of the Oder river.
The Province of Upper Silesia was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. It comprised much of the region of Upper Silesia and was eventually divided into two government regions called Kattowitz (1939–1945), and Oppeln (1819–1945). The provincial capital was Oppeln (1919–1938) and Kattowitz (1941–1945), while other major towns included Beuthen, Gleiwitz, Hindenburg O.S., Neiße, Ratibor and Auschwitz, added in 1941. Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Lower Silesia as the Province of Silesia.
The Old Synagogue is a former [Reform Judaism|Reform]] Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Steeler Straße 29, in Essen, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The former synagogue was repurposed in 1960 as a Jewish museum.
The Fasanenstrasse Synagogue was a former liberal Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located at 79–80 Fasanenstrasse off Kurfürstendamm, in the affluent neighbourhood of Charlottenburg, in Berlin, Germany. Completed on 26 August 1912, the synagogue was located close to the Berlin Stadtbahn and Zoo Station.
The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Breslau, Germany. It was one of the largest synagogues in the German Empire and a centre of Reform Judaism in Breslau. Designed by Edwin Oppler in the Romanesque Revival style and completed in 1872, the synagogue was destroyed during the Kristallnacht pogrom which swept across Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938.
The Regensburg Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Regensburg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. Synagogues were completed in 1227, 1841 and again in 1912; each destroyed; most recently by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.
The New Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Gleiwitz, Germany.
The Stolp Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Stolp, Germany, that is now Słupsk, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland.
The Bytom Synagogue or Beuthen Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Beuthen, in the Prussian Province of Silesia. The town is now located in present-day Bytom, Poland, a border–town between Germany and the Second Polish Republic prior to German invasion of Poland in World War II. After the plebiscite of 1922, the border passed just east of Beuthen, so that neighboring Katowice was in Poland.
Dobrodzień is a small town in Olesno County, in Opole Voivodeship, Poland. Located in the historical region of Upper Silesia, it is the administrative seat of Gmina Dobrodzień. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 3,650.
The Königsberg Synagogue, called at the time, the New Synagogue, was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Königsberg in Prussia, East Prussia, Germany.
The Semper Synagogue, also known as the Dresden Synagogue or Old Synagogue, was a Jewish synagogue, located in Dresden, in the Saxony region of Germany. Designed by Gottfried Semper and built from 1838 to 1840 in the Romanesque Revival and Moorish Revival styles, the synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.
The Kassel Synagogue was a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Untere Königsstraße, in Kassel, Hesse, Germany. The second synagogue for the congregation, it was completed in 1839 and destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.
The Prudnik Synagogue was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Germany, that today is located in Prudnik, Poland. The synagogue was destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht.
The Kłodzko Synagogue, officially the Synagogue of Kłodzko, and formerly the Synagogue in Glatz, was a former Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on the Grünestraße, in Glatz, Germany. This location is now Wojska Polskiego Street, in Kłodzko, in Kłodzko County in Lower Silesia, Poland.
