Newberry Six lynchings

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Newberry, c. 1913-1918 Main Street Newberry looking east.jpg
Newberry, c. 1913–1918
George Wynn[e], c. 1900-1916 George Wynn, town marshall of Newberry, Florida.jpg
George Wynn[e], c. 1900–1916
Cemetery at Pleasant Plain United Methodist Church in Jonesville, Florida where three of the victims' headstones exist Cemetery, Pleasant Plain United Methodists Church, Jonesville, Florida.jpg
Cemetery at Pleasant Plain United Methodist Church in Jonesville, Florida where three of the victims' headstones exist
The Newberry Lynchings of 1916 historical marker
(front and back)
The Newberry Lynchings of 1916 Marker 1.jpg
The Newberry Lynchings of 1916 Marker 2.jpg

The Newberry Six lynchings took place in Newberry, Alachua County, Florida, on August 18, 1916.

The events began with the attempt late on August 17 by Newberry constable George Wynne to serve a warrant on Boisey Long, an African–American man, for stealing hogs. Accounts differ about how the conflict began and who fired first, but Long shot and killed Wynne, and wounded another man, L. G. Harris, who accompanied him. Long escaped, but surrendered to authorities two days later.

In the meantime, a posse was organized by the sheriff. The posse shot and killed Jim Dennis, a friend of Long. The sheriff said he was resisting arrest. Relatives and friends of Long were rounded up and taken to jail for allegedly helping him escape; they were Bert and Mary Dennis, Long's wife Stella Young, and two friends of Dennis, Andrew McHenry and Reverend Josh Baskin. A mob of 200 [1] took them from the jail the morning of August 18 and hanged them from a single oak tree, one mile from Newberry; newspapers called it "a lynching bee." [2] [3] The tree no longer exists, but it was at the intersection of Newberry Lane and Alachua County Route 235. [4] So many African–Americans gathered when the news of the lynchings reached them that whites were afraid of a "race war”. [5]

No arrests were ever made. The Ocala Evening Star reported a rumor that the coroner's jury had returned a verdict that the six lynching victims had died in freak accidents, such as running into a barbed wire fence and bleeding to death, or falling out of a tree and choking to death or breaking their necks. [6] Archivist Rebecca Fitzsimmons at the Matheson History Museum has noted that legal documents pertaining to the lynchings have not been found. [7]

Long was tried on September 7, found guilty after an all-white jury deliberated seven minutes, and sentenced to hang. [8] He was executed in the yard of the Alachua County jail on October 27, 1916. A man who had voiced an opinion approving the killing of Wynne was forced to leave town. [9]

According to historian Patricia Hilliard-Nunn, as many as nine people may have been lynched or shot to death during the events. [10] The Alachua County Historical Commission presented research in 2018 that concluded at least 43 lynchings took place in Alachua County in the 18th and 19th centuries. [11]

In 2019, a marker was unveiled in remembrance of the lynchings and to acknowledge the black men and women who were murdered. [12]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Race War Opens at Newberry Women Lynched". Palm Beach Post (West Palm Beach, Florida). Associated Press. August 20, 1916. p. 1.
  2. ↑ "A Lynching Horror and its Aftermath of Shame". Vardaman's Weekly (Jackson, Mississippi). August 24, 1916. p. 3.
  3. ↑ "Five Negros Victims of Mob". Lincoln Star (Lincoln, Nebraska). August 20, 1916. p. 10.
  4. ↑ Dan, Nicole (December 6, 2017). "Newberry Lynchings: Should They Be Memorialized?". WUFT (TV) . Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  5. ↑ "Negro Murderer Surrounded". Atlanta Constitution . August 20, 1916. p. 4. Archived from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  6. ↑ "All the Country Up In Arms: Wholesale Lynching of Negroes in Alachua in the Vicinity of Newberry". The Ocala Evening Star. Associated Press. August 19, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2020– via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "Matheson Exhibit Examines Racial Injustices". Gainesville Downtown. March 9, 2016. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Long Guilty of Murder". Pensacola News Journal . September 10, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Madden had to move". Ocala Evening Star (Ocala, Florida). August 22, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  10. ↑ Dan, Nicole (December 6, 2017). "Newberry Lynchings: Should They Be Memorialized?". WUFT News. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  11. ↑ Magoc, Ethan (January 23, 2018). "Report More Than Doubles Alachua County's Total of Known Lynchings to 43". WUFT News. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  12. ↑ Swirko, Cindy (April 27, 2019). "Historical marker denoting the Newberry Lynching of 1916 unveiled Saturday". The Gainesville Sun . Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.

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